US620056A - Process of tanning hides or skins - Google Patents
Process of tanning hides or skins Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US620056A US620056A US620056DA US620056A US 620056 A US620056 A US 620056A US 620056D A US620056D A US 620056DA US 620056 A US620056 A US 620056A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- skins
- hides
- plates
- acid
- bath
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 210000003491 Skin Anatomy 0.000 title description 70
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 14
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 14
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 14
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L Chromic acid Chemical compound O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen atom Chemical compound [H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000001603 reducing Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003638 reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N HCl Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical class [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- WIVXEZIMDUGYRW-UHFFFAOYSA-L Copper(I) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+].[Cu+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O WIVXEZIMDUGYRW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Iron(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical class [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atoms Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- -1 bichromate of potash Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidodioxidosulfidosulfate(1-) Chemical compound OS([S-])(=O)=O DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OR PROCESSING OF SKINS, HIDES OR LEATHER IN GENERAL; PELT-SHEARING MACHINES; INTESTINE-SPLITTING MACHINES
- C14B1/00—Manufacture of leather; Machines or devices therefor
Definitions
- SAMUEL P SADTLER, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.
- My invention relates to a new process for the treatment of skins and hides for the purpose of making leather in connection with what is termed mineral or chrome tanning. It is known that if hides or skins are impregnated with a chromate, such as bichromate of potash, and an acid, such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid, and then submitted to the action of a reducing agent sufficiently rapid in its action chromic oxid is separated out through the body of the skin I and an insoluble leather possessing numerous excellent qualities is obtained.
- a chromate such as bichromate of potash
- an acid such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid
- reducing agents such as a hyposulfite or sulfite in the presence of an acid, free sulfurous acid, hydrogen sulfid, either as gas or evolved from a metallic sulfid in the presence of an acid, hydrogen dioxid, either used directly or evolved from a metallic peroxid in the presence of an acid, besides a variety of substances-such as ferrous sulfate, cuprous sulfate or chlorid, oxalic acid, &c.-0f greater or less activity.
- the skins having been properly prepared byimmersion in a bath containing bichromate ofnpotash and sulfuric acid, are placed between the metallic plates, which are separated from each other to an extent slightly greater than the thickness of the skin, this separation being effected by any suitable means, such as blocks or strips of rubber or wood 6 or any other mechanical device which will prevent the metallic plates 1 from holding the skin too tightly between any two plates.
- the impregnated skins having been placed between the metallic plates constituting the negative electrodes, the whole is then immersed in a bath which is by preference similar to the one by which the skins are impregnated.
- a solution in water of three per cent. of sulfuric acid and five per cent. of bichromate of potash constitutes a very effective electrolytic bath for the purpose, as it prevents any Washing out of bichromate from the impregnated skin.
- the impregnation of the hides or skins may,
- the positive electrode 2 which may be made of any suitable conducting substancesuch, for example, as a sheet of lead or conducting-carbonmay be placed in one end or side of the tank or receptacle 3, in which the operation is to be performed, or may be suspended above the metallic plates, care being taken to prevent contact with the same, and the terminal of such electrode is connected, as by a wire 4, with the positive pole of the dynamo or other source of electrical supply.
- On closing the circuit hydrogen is liberated from all i tanned or reduced to leather.
- My invention may be carried out by the use of other salts than a chromium salt-such, for instance, as salts of iron or aluminium.
- a chromium salt such as salts of iron or aluminium.
- the invention consists in the application of electrolytically-produced hydrogen to any mineral salt which is capable of yielding under the action of such hydrogen a metal, metallic oXid, or compound which will unite with the fiberof thehide to form leather.
- I may state that I have in practice operated on goat-skins by cutting them up into pieces about six and one-half inches square, making about eight pieces for the average-sized skin. Three of these pieces I then piled with a pair of lead plates, one of the pieces being between the plates and one on the outside of each plate, the pile being completed by the application of two connected plates outside of the pieces of skin.
- the whole was then placed in a bath of bichromate of potash, in which the skins had previously been steeped, and the plates between the pieces of skin were connected to the negative electrode of a source of current-supply and the outer plates were connected to the positive source of supply, and a current of five amperes at four-volts pressure was passed through the solution for five hours, at the end of which time the skins were found to be thoroughly served that when whole goat-skins in great numbers are mounted with the plates the amount of current necessary to be employed will be materially reduced, as the internal resistance will be proportionately less with the increased size.
- the bath in which this operation was conducted was at the ordinary temperature and consisted of bichromate-of potash to which had been added one-half of one per cent. of sulfuric acid.
- the mode herein described of tanning or tawing hides or skins consisting in impregnating the hides or skins with a chromate and an acid, and then subjecting them to the reducing action of nascent hydrogen electrolytically produced.
Description
No. 620,056. Patented Feb. 2|, I899. S. P. SADTLER.
PROCESS OF TANNING HlDES 0R SK|NS..
(Application filed Oct. 21, 1897.)
No Model.)
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WWW Mm UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
SAMUEL P. SADTLER, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.
PROCESS OF TANNING HIDES OR SKINS.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 620,056, dated February 21, 1899. Application filed October 21, 1897. Serial 'No. 655,929. (No specimens.)
T0 at whom it may concern.-
- Be it known that I, SAMUEL P. SADTLER, a citizen of the United States, residing in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have invented a certain Process of Tanning or Tawing Hides or Skins, of which the following is a specification.
My invention relates to a new process for the treatment of skins and hides for the purpose of making leather in connection with what is termed mineral or chrome tanning. It is known that if hides or skins are impregnated with a chromate, such as bichromate of potash, and an acid, such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid, and then submitted to the action of a reducing agent sufficiently rapid in its action chromic oxid is separated out through the body of the skin I and an insoluble leather possessing numerous excellent qualities is obtained. Various reducing agents have been proposed, such as a hyposulfite or sulfite in the presence of an acid, free sulfurous acid, hydrogen sulfid, either as gas or evolved from a metallic sulfid in the presence of an acid, hydrogen dioxid, either used directly or evolved from a metallic peroxid in the presence of an acid, besides a variety of substances-such as ferrous sulfate, cuprous sulfate or chlorid, oxalic acid, &c.-0f greater or less activity. I do not desire to use any of these in my process, but have discovered a cheap, efficient, and superior reducing agent to be nascent hydrogen electrolytically produced, such agent effecting the reduction to chromium sesquioxid of the chromic acid with which the skin is impregnated. I have after prolonged experiment arrived at a method by which the electrolytically-produced nascent hydrogen can be made to act upon the chromic acid in situ, so that an immediate combination of the hide fiber and the liberated chromium sesquioxid takes place. The result is a chrome-tanned leather with all the characteristic qualities of insolubility in water, freedom from shrinking, softness, and pliability recognized as belonging to this class of products. There are no side products to be washed out of the tanned skins, the sole product of the reaction besides the chromium sesquioxid being Water.
The accompanying drawing shows one form "than the skins to be tanned.
of apparatus designed for the carrying out of my process.
Itake a number of thin conducting-plates 1, such as platinum or lead, slightly larger These metallic plates are all connected together at one or more points 7 and the connection continued outside of the tank or jar 3 and joined to a wire 8, leading to the negative pole of the dynamo or other source of electric supply, which is conventionally or diagrammatically represented at 5. In this way the metallic plates constitute the negative electrode of a galvanic couple.
The skins, having been properly prepared byimmersion in a bath containing bichromate ofnpotash and sulfuric acid, are placed between the metallic plates, which are separated from each other to an extent slightly greater than the thickness of the skin, this separation being effected by any suitable means, such as blocks or strips of rubber or wood 6 or any other mechanical device which will prevent the metallic plates 1 from holding the skin too tightly between any two plates. The impregnated skins having been placed between the metallic plates constituting the negative electrodes, the whole is then immersed in a bath which is by preference similar to the one by which the skins are impregnated. A solution in water of three per cent. of sulfuric acid and five per cent. of bichromate of potash constitutes a very effective electrolytic bath for the purpose, as it prevents any Washing out of bichromate from the impregnated skin.
The impregnation of the hides or skins may,
if desired, be effected by the same bath which constitutes the electrolyte, although it is preferable to impregnate the skins before introducing them into the electrolytic bath. The positive electrode 2, which may be made of any suitable conducting substancesuch, for example, as a sheet of lead or conducting-carbonmay be placed in one end or side of the tank or receptacle 3, in which the operation is to be performed, or may be suspended above the metallic plates, care being taken to prevent contact with the same, and the terminal of such electrode is connected, as by a wire 4, with the positive pole of the dynamo or other source of electrical supply. On closing the circuit hydrogen is liberated from all i tanned or reduced to leather.
the surface constituting the negative electrode and in close proximity to the skins which are adjacent thereto. The reaction which takes place may be described as follows: Bichromate (K Cr O is broken up into the sesquioxid of chromium, (0509-1-0 potassiu m oxid, (K O,) which latter in the presence of sulfuric acid becomes sulfate of potash, (K 80 It is therefore these three atoms of oxygen with which the nascent hydrogen liberated at the negative electrode combines to form water, and thereby indirectly reduces the chromic acid in the bichromate to sesqui oxid of chromium, which remains in the skin and converts it into leather.
Of course many other ways than the one above described will suggest themselves to any one skilled in the art for carrying out the above process, such as folding the skins over the plates one-half on each side instead of between the plates orin mounting and connecting the plates in various ways other than that described.
My invention may be carried out by the use of other salts than a chromium salt-such, for instance, as salts of iron or aluminium. In faet,in its broadest form the invention consists in the application of electrolytically-produced hydrogen to any mineral salt which is capable of yielding under the action of such hydrogen a metal, metallic oXid, or compound which will unite with the fiberof thehide to form leather.
As an instance of aspecific method of carrying out my process I may state that I have in practice operated on goat-skins by cutting them up into pieces about six and one-half inches square, making about eight pieces for the average-sized skin. Three of these pieces I then piled with a pair of lead plates, one of the pieces being between the plates and one on the outside of each plate, the pile being completed by the application of two connected plates outside of the pieces of skin. The whole was then placed in a bath of bichromate of potash, in which the skins had previously been steeped, and the plates between the pieces of skin were connected to the negative electrode of a source of current-supply and the outer plates were connected to the positive source of supply, and a current of five amperes at four-volts pressure was passed through the solution for five hours, at the end of which time the skins were found to be thoroughly served that when whole goat-skins in great numbers are mounted with the plates the amount of current necessary to be employed will be materially reduced, as the internal resistance will be proportionately less with the increased size. The bath in which this operation was conducted was at the ordinary temperature and consisted of bichromate-of potash to which had been added one-half of one per cent. of sulfuric acid.
I find it decidedly advantageous to electrolyze the bichromate solution prior to putting in the skins, or, what amounts to the same thing, to use the bichromate solution over and over again.
Having thus described my invention, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent l. The mode herein described of tanning or tawing hides or skins, said mode consisting in impregnating the hides or skins with a metallic salt which is capable of yielding, under the action of hydrogen, a metal, metallic oxid or compound, which will unite with the fiber of the hide to form leather, and then subjecting the hides or skins to the reducing action of nascent hydrogen electrolytically produced.
2. The mode herein described of tanning or tawing hides or skins, said mode consisting in impregnating the hides or skins with a chromate and an acid, and then subjecting them to the reducing action of nascent hydrogen electrolytically produced.
3. The mode herein described of tawing or tanninghides or skins, said mode consisting in suspending the said hides or skins in a chr0- mate and acid bath adjacent to the negative plates or poles in said bath, and then passing an electric current through the bath.
4;. The mode herein described of tanning or tawing hides or skins, said mode consisting in impregnating the hides or skins with a chr0- mate and acid and mounting the skins or hides between metallic plates acting as the negative poles of an electrolytic bath, then passing an electric current through the bath.
I11 testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.
SAMUEL P. SADTLER. lVitnesses:
WILL. A. BARR, Jos. II. KLEIN.
It is to be 013-
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US620056A true US620056A (en) | 1899-02-21 |
Family
ID=2688665
Family Applications (1)
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US620056D Expired - Lifetime US620056A (en) | Process of tanning hides or skins |
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US (1) | US620056A (en) |
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- US US620056D patent/US620056A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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