US595629A

US595629A - Truss and bridge

Info

Publication number: US595629A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1897-12-14
Anticipated expiration: 1914-12-14

Description

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C. M. HORTON.

TRUSS AND BRIDGE.

Patent-ed Deo, 14, 1897.

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(No Model.)

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Patented Dec. 14., 1897.

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Patented Deo. 1.4-, 1897*.

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` '2 NvENToR WITNEssEs i Z7 j l l UNITED STATES PATENT Enron.

CHARLES M. HORTON, OF DULUTH, MINNESOTA.

TRUSS .AND BRIDGE.

SPECIFICATIONforming part of Letters Patent No. 595,629, dated December 14, 1897.

Application led November 19, 1896. Serial No. 61.21735. (No model.)

Minnesota, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Trusses and Bridges; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of theinvention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to that class of bridgetrusses, trussed beams, and supporting columns or posts in which the use of rivets is largely or wholly avoided.

The object of my invention is to maintain the greatest possible proportion of strength in the columns, bridge-trusses, and trussed beams by avoiding to a great degree the use of rivets and other weakening connections in the securing of the component parts of the posts and truss or span and mainly substituting therefor splicing and supporting sleeves, hangers,hook-clips,socket-supports,and similar devices with a conservative use of bolts, and to make the several parts as simple as practicable, so that they may be assembled together easily and rapidly without the usual extensive use of expensive machinery, tools, and labor, maintaining in a high degree strength, durability, and lightness at comparatively small cost.

It consists in certain novel combinations, constructions, and arrangements of parts, as will be hereinafter described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, forming parts of' this specification, Figure l represents a side elevation of my improved bridge truss or span and supporting-columns. Fig. 2 represents a vertical transverse section of the said span, `showing the supporting-columns in elevation. Fig. 3 represents a vertical longitudinal section through the upper part of a column and of the shoe for receiving the beams ofthe column to rest upon.

ends of the chord-beams of adjoining spans. Fig. 4 represents an end elevation, partially in section, of the said shoe. Fig. 5 represents a bottom plan view of the said shoe, the T- beams composing the supporting-columns being shown in section. Fig. 6 represents a plan View of a bottom supporting-plate for the Fig. 7

\ clips forming part of my said invention in position thereon and also showing the manner vof securing the panel-posts and supportingrods thereto. Fig. 13 represents a vertical longitudinal section of the same. Fig. 14 represents a detail transverse section through the top-chord I-bealn, the splicing and supporting sleeve forming part of my said invention being shown in elevation thereon. Fig. I5 represents a detail in side elevation of the same. Fig. 16 represents a detailside elevation showing the abutment-footing and trun-l nien-box of said bridge-truss forming part of my said invention and the manner of securing the shore ends of the top-chord I-beam and the bottom-chord links to the trunnionbox and the roller-bearing of said box. Fig. 17 represents an end elevation of the same; and Fig. I8 represents a top plan View of a portion of a bridge-span embodying my invention, the ooring being removed, showing the lateral braces; and Fig. 19 is a detail side elevation of a portion of saidbridge, showing the manner of securing the wind-braces in position.

In the drawings corresponding letters refer to corresponding parts.

A My invention is well adapted for use in places where a single span is needed or where two or more spans are required, as in the case of a viaduct or similar structures. In this connection I will describe the construction of the columns or posts for supporting the bridge at the'termination of the different spans.

A A in the drawings designate the T-beams of which the supporting-posts are preferably' composed. As shown, they are usually four in number, the legs of the T-beams meeting together and resting in a suitable base-plate B, and the said Ts being suitably bound, braced, and held in place, as will be hereinafter fully described.

C Gare'inclosing and binding sleeves for IOO the upper ends of the posts, and E E are bearing-shoes to receive the ends of the top-chord beams of the spans.

The base-plates B B are mounted upon suitable masonry, as at B', and bolted thereto in the usual way, the bolts passing through holes b b in the base-plates for this purpose. The lower ends of the T-beams rest upon the upper surface of the plates B B, preferably as shown in the drawings, with their heads resting against confining-flanges b b, formed upon the edges of the base-plates. Parallel ribs or raised portions b2 b2 are arranged upon the base-plates, forming grooves adapted to receive the legs of the T-beams. It will thus be seen that the T-beams are securely held in proper position upon the base-plates when resting thereon. The edge flange b', which is placed toward the inner part of the bridge, is provided with perforated ears b3 b3, adapted to receive and have bolted between them the lower ends of lateral brace-rods b4 b4, which extend between opposite supporting-posts.

About midway of the height of the posts are secured the binding-sleeves C C, preferably formed in two sections, provided with bolting-iian ges c c, by which they are adapted to be secured together, inclosing the T-beams A A, as shown in Figs. S and 9. The sleeves C C are provided interiorly with small lugs or projections c' c in their corners, which are adapted to engage corresponding notches made in the flanges of the T-beams A A, so that the sleeves cannot slip upon the said osts.

The bolting-flanges c c upon the sides of the sleeves C C which extend toward the inner portion of the bridge are adapted to receive and have bolted between them the ends of a cross bracing-beam C', which extends between opposite posts A A. Upon the saine side of the sleeves C C, near the top and bottom edges of said sleeves, are formed ears c2 c2, adapted to receive and have bolted between them the ends of lateral brace-rods between the posts A A, the lower set of ears having secured between them the upper ends of the braces b4 b4 and the upper set of ears having secured between them the lower ends of the braces b5 b5. The upper ends of the T-beams are also held together by the sleeves D D, similar to the sleeves C C. These sleeves are provided in their interior corners with lugs or projections CZ d, adapted to engage notches formed in the flanges of the T-beams A A. By this construction the sleeves D D are prevented from slipping down upon the post.

Upon the side of the sleeves next to the inner portions of the bridge are formed ears d d', adapted to receive the upper ends of the diagonal brace-rods b5 Near the upper edge of the sleeves D D are formed the horizontal lugs d2 (Z2, upon oppo site corners of said sleeves. These lugs are adapted to receive and have bolted between them the ends of the end links of the lateral braces upon the underside of the brid ge-span.

T-beams A A are preferably braced at intervals along their length by brace tie-pieces F F, which are adapted to engage notches formed on the meeting edges of the leg portions of the T-beams, the said brace tie-pieces having notches ff, adapted to inclose a part of the said leg portions, as shown in the drawings.

Upon the upper ends of the T-beams A A are placed the cap bearing-plates E E', having formed upon their end surfaces the rightangle ribs or projections E2 E2, forming grooves to receive the upper ends of the leg portions of the T-beams, the head or fiange portions of the said T-beams resting against and being confined by the edge flanges E3, also formed upon the under side of the said cap bearing-plates. The upper surfaces of the cap bearing-plates E E' are recessed, as at e, to receive the rollers e e.

Resting upon the rollers e' e are the shoes E E, which receive the ends of the top-chord Ifbe-ams of the truss of the adjacent spans, the said shoes being provided with overhanging flanges c2 e2, adapted to surround and inclose the upper edge of the cap bearing-plates E E. The upper surfaces of the shoes are provided with inclined surfaces e3 c3, upon which the ends of the top-chord I-beams rest, shoulders e4 e4 being formed thereon to engage the web of said I-beams for holding them securely in position. Trunnion-plates c5 e5 are formed upon the upper surfaces of said shoes and are adapted to have bolted to them the ends of the bottom-chord links of the adjacent spans.

G G are I-beams laid with the flanges vei-, tical and forming the top chords of said bridgetruss, Each of the top chords of said span on the respective sides thereof is preferably formed of'two of these curved I-beams laid end to end with flanges vertical, the upper ends of said beams being spliced by being brought respectively into the opposite ends of the splicing and supporting clip H Hin Figs. 1, 14, and 15 at the summit of the 1ongitudinal arch of said truss or span; but said top chordv may consist of a single curved I-,beam laid with flanges vertical, in which case no splicing-clip will be required; or said chord may consist of more than two curved I-bearns similarly laid end to end, with their opposing ends secured, respectively, in said splicing and supporting clips, all within the compass of my said invention. Lateral webs 7L h are formed upon the clips H for increasing the strength thereof. Each of these clips H is preferably formed so as to exactly fit the top and side contours of the T-beams which I employ. Each of the lower ends of the vcrtical side portions ot' the clips forms an ear or lug 7L for the attachment of the panel-posts, braces, dsc.

Hook-clips g g/ are used where no splicing is required at other points on the top-chord I-beams G for supporting the panelposts, brace-rods, and wind-braces. These hook- IOO IIO

clips are preferably formed like the side hook portions of the splice-clips H, being used in pairs, as shown in Fig. 12, and not having a connecting-web, as in the case of said splicing-clips. They are provided-with strengthening-Webs g11 gu, similar to the webs h' h' of the splice-clips. Some of these clips g g are preferably of the same shape in side elevationas the splice-clips H (shown in Fig. 15) and are more suitable for use in the central portions of the span; but the clips used near the ends of the spans preferably have an elongated top bearing portion, as shown in Fig. 13 at glo, whereby a better grasp or hold upon the top -chord I-beam is obtained for the braces and panel-posts, which are more or less inclined in position. The end clips on the adjacent ends of two spans may be secured together for additional strength by a brace-rod, as at L in Fig. 1 of the drawings.

The plate or clip-hooks g g are secured to the respective flanges of the said top-chord beam G by being hooked over the same, the long shanks of said hooks projecting downward beyond the lower edges of said iianges, so as to form ears which are apertured for the passing of the tie-bolts h3, which support the upper ends of panel-posts and supportingrods, as heretofore described, reference being had to Figs. 12 and 13 of the drawings. Shallow notches are cut in the lower flanges of the top-chord beam at points where said tie-bolts pass through, thus binding the hookclips as well as the splice-clips close to the topchord beam and preventing their slipping longitudinally out of position along said top chord. The ears upon both-the splice-clips H and the hook-clips G are reinforced upon l their inner faces by segmental ribs or raised portions h4, and the under sides of the anges are notched to fit upon the upper ends of these ribs in order to lock the said clip in p0- sition. l

G G are I-beam panel-posts secured at their upper ends in said splicing and supporting clips H or in hook-clips g', respectively, by tie-bolt h3 passing through the ears h of said splicing-clip H or the ears, respectively, of said hook-clips g and through both flanges of said panel-post, a small portion of the web of said panel-post at the upper end thereof being cut away to admit of the passage of said tie-bolt h3 through the flanges, substantially as shown. The lower end of said panel-post is supported and secured by bottom-chord tie-bolt g,which passes through portion of the clips K are enlarged iattened eye portions K' K', having perforations registhe panel-posts G G', so that the tie-bolts h3 and g, respectively, at the top and bottom` will pass through said eyes K K. It will thus be observed that the clips K K add greatly to the security of the attachment of the ends of said panel-posts and enable said posts to stand a greater strain.

g2 g2 are bottom-chord links, preferably flat and set on edge, having enlarged apertured ends secured at the shore ends respectively to the trunnion-plates I, as in Figs. 16 and 17 and hereinafter described, by suitable bolts Q7, passing through said trunnion-plates and through the shore ends of said links and having their other ends secured, respectively, to the supporting-rods at each panel by the tiebolt g, there being two bottom-chord links to each panel of said truss, decreasing in size and weight in the respective panels of said truss from the respective ends of said truss toward the center of the same.

g3 g4 g5 are supporting, bracing, or tension rods,perfectly fiat and provided with enlarged apertured ends. They are secured at their upper ends in said splicing-slips or hook-clips, as the case may be, by said tie-bolts h3. The tie-bolt g6 connects together at each panel the bottom-chord links, bottom ends of the several supporting-rods, the foot of panel-post, and Hoor-beam hangers. The end bottomchord links g2 g2 at the adjacent ends of two spans are secured to the bolt, passing through the trunnion-plates e5 e5 of the shoes E E, as hereinbefore described.

The wind-bracin g of the bridge is composed of T or angle irons running up from the ends of the i'loor-girder beams to the inside of the clip on the top chord. The said T-irons g8 are secured at the upper ends against the inner faces of outer ears h h of said splicing and supporting clips H or against the corresponding ear of hook-plates g', as the case may be, by tie-bolts h3 h3, said bolts passing through the lower flange of each of said T-braces,which are apertured and turned up against the inner faces of said ears, the other flange of said braces being cut away for a short distance at its upper end to admitof the passage of said bolts, said braces extending downward and outward to the outboard ends of the ioorgirder beams J J and being bent up at their lower ends and secured to the upper faces of the upper flanges at the outer ends of said floor-beams by suitable bolts or rivets passing through the horizontal flanges of said T- braces at that point on either side of the vertical flanges .thereof and through the upper flanges of said door-beams on either side of the webs thereof.

The shore ends of bridge-spans constructed I tering with the perforations in the ilanges of I IDO IIO

like my device rest upon shoes or trunnionboxes similar to those upon the top of the supporting-columns, as described above. The trunnion-plates I I are erected upon a baseplate 3 and are integral therewith. An inclined surface 8 is formed on the upper surface of the base 3 to receive the shore end of the beam G, as hereinafter described.

2 2 are rollers beneath the trunnion baseplate 3, similar to the rollers c e', the rollers resting in a foundation channel-plate 6.

4 4 are anchor-bolts adapted to extend into abutment masonry and projecting through flange or margin of foundation-plate 6, holding said foundation plate down on abutment 5.

The rollers 22are preferably spaced or prevented from rubbing against each other by plates T 7, provided with journalbearings adapted to receive journals formed upon the ends of the rollers. Thus they are not only kept from touching each other, but are properly spread beneath the base 3 to thoroughly support it in every part.

The oor girder-beams J J are each supported at each end by one or more hangers or yokes 71.7 h7, passed over the tie-bolt ge, the lower ends of which pass through the iianges of the said floor-beams and are screw-threaded to receive nuts of suitable strength.

The bridge-span is braced laterally by rods L7 j, preferably placed diagonally between adjacent loor-beams and provided with right and left threaded nuts or turnbuckles jj, by which said rods maybe adjusted or tightened. The ends of the brace-rods jj are preferably formed with double eyes jzjz, adapted to be placed one above and one below the flanges of the floor-beam J and to have the hangers hT pass through them for bolting them securely to said floor-beams.

It will be seen from the above description that bridges, viaducts, dcc. constructed in accordance with my invention are adapted to be put together without extensive boring and consequent weakening of the truss-beams and that all the parts can be easily and expeditiously put together and in a manner well suited to meet all the strains to which they may be subjected.

It will of course be apparent that I can vary the construction of the splicing and supporting clips, trunnion-boxes, loor-beam hangers, supports, anchorages, and fastenin gs required to unite the parts to form adurable, light, and efficient bridge truss or similar structure without departing from the spirit of my invention. 5

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. In a truss the combination of top-chord beams, hooked clips hung from the edges of the said beams and adapted to secure posts, supports and braces to said top-chord beams without passing bolts or pins through the same and thereby weakening them, substantially as described.

2. In a truss the combination of top-chord beams, splicing-clips applied thereon for locking them in place, and adapted to secure suitable posts, supports and braces to said beams without weakening the same by bolt-holes and vertical webs formed upon said clips for strengthening them, substantially as described.

3. In a truss the combination of arched I- beams, forming a top-chord beam, splicingclips adapted to tit the contour of said beams for locking the ends of the same in place, vertical webs formed upon the said clips for strengthening them, and means for securing posts, supports, tie-rods and braces to said clips, the construction being such that the arched beams are not weakened by perforations forbolts, pins or the like, substantially as described.

1l. In a truss, the combination of arched I- beams, hooked clips adapted to tit upon the flan ges of said I-beams and be locked thereon and means for attaching supports, posts, and braces, the said clips, the construction being such that the arched beams are not weakened by perforations as for bolts, pins or the like, substantially as described.

5. In a column or post for supporting structures, the combination of a plurality of angle-beams, meeting at a central point and divided clips adapted to be bolted together so as to inclose the said beams for holding them together, the construction being such that the said angle-beams are not perforated as for bolting and thereby weakened, substantially as described.

6. In a column for supporting structures, the combination of aplurality of angle-irons, the legs of which meet at a central point, a base-plate provided with grooves adapted to lit the end contour of said angle-irons and laterally-extending ears upon said base-plate for receiving and securing the end of the brace-rods, and divided clips adapted to be bolted together so as to inclose the said beams and bind the said irons together without perforating them for bolting,substantially as described.

7. In a supporting column or post the combination of a plurality of an gle-irons, the legs of which meet at a central point, grooved plates for holding the ends in position and sleeves formed of divided clips provided with external bolting-ears, the said clips being adapted to be bolted together so as to inclose said irons and bind them together without perforating them for bolting, substantially as described.

8. In a support for bridges, viaducts or the like, the combination of columns comprising a plurality of T-beams having their leg portions turned toward each other, end plates having grooves for holding the ends of said beams in place, sleeves consisting of divided IOO clips having external bolting-flan ges whereby the clips are adapted to inclose said beams and to bind them together, projections on said clips adapted to engage notches in the edge of iianges of the beams to prevent slipping and means 'secured to said plates and sleeves for bracing the said columns laterally, the construction being such that the said T- beams are not perforated as for bolting or riveting, and consequently weakened, substantially as described.

9. In a column for bridges, viaducts or the like, the combination of a plurality of angleirons meeting at the center, means for binding said angle-irons togetherfwithout passing bolts through the same, a cap-plate adapted to fit upon the upper ends of said irons, and provided with a channel or recess upon its upper surface adapted to receive rollers, and a shoe resting upon said rollers, adapted to receive and support the end of a truss-beam, without bolting, substantially as described.

10. In a column for support-ing adjacent spans or trusses the combination with a suitable cap-plate, of a shoe ,or trunnion box for supporting the ends of the top-chord beam of said spans,rollerbearin gs interposed between the said cap-plate and shoe, overhanging [langes upon said shoe completely covering the rollers and the cap-plate for keeping out Water or ice, and trunnion-plates upon said shoe adapted to support the end bottom-chord links of said spans, substantially as described.

11. In a truss the combination with a topchord beam, of panel-posts adapted to connect the said top-chord beam with the licor-beam of the said truss, clips having bolting-flanges adapted to incluse and be secured to the web of said panel-posts, ears at right angles to said anges for securing the same to the top and bottom tie-bolts, substantially as described.

12. In a truss the combination with a top- 4chord beam, of hooked clips hung from the opposite edges of the same, depending ears upon said clips extending below the top-chord beam and adapted to receive a connectingbolt, for locking them in place, said bolt being adapted to support the panel-posts, braces and wind-braces, substantially as described.

13. In a truss the combination of arched top-chord beams having a continuous curved form, roller-bearings having shoulders and inclined surfaces upon their upper sides adapted to receive and support the ends of said top-chord beams and means for securing posts, supports, braces and beams to said topchord beams, substantially as described.

14. In a truss for bridges the combination with topchord beams of shoes having inclined upper surfaces and shoulders thereon adapted to receive the shore ends of said beams, channel base-plate secured to the shoe-abutments, and rollers interposed between said shoes and channel-plates, substantially as described.

15. In a truss for bridges the combination With top-chord beams and bottom-chord links, of shoes adapted to receive the shore ends of said beams having inclined surfaces upon the said shoes for receiving the end thrusts of said beams, channel-plates secured to the shore-abutments, rollers interposed between said shoes and channel-plates, and trunnionplates formed on said shoes adapted to have secured to them the shoe ends of the bottomchord links of the truss, substantially as described.

16. In a truss the combination with topchord'beams, of panel-posts secured thereto, clips having bolting-flanges adapted to inclose and be secured to the webs of said panelposts, and ears at right angles to the said iianges, bolts passed through the lower ends of said posts and said ears, I-beams for supporting the ioor of the truss, yokes passing over the said tie-bolts and passing through the flanges of the said floor I-beams and means for securing the said yokes to the said flanges, substantially as described.

17. ln a truss-bridge or viaduct the combination with top-chord beams, of panel-posts, I-beams for supporting the floor of the truss, yokes at the lower end of said panel-posts passing through the flanges of the said I-beams for securing the floor-beams of said bridge, or viaduct to said posts, and diagonal bracerods interposed between said licor-beams, and having bifurcated ends adapted to embrace the ilanges of said floor-beams, the said bifurcated ends having apertures to receive the said yokes for laterally bracing the bridge, substantially as described.

. In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

CHARLES M. HORTON.

Witnesses:

HUNTINGTON W. MERCHANT, J. S. HARTER.

IOC