US593115A - normand - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

J. A., F. E. & M. E. NORMAND & P. SIGAUDY. FEED WATER DEvIcE EOE STEAM GENERATORS.

No. 593,115. Patented Nov. 2,1897.

2 Sheess-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

J. A., P. E. 8: M. E. NORMAND 8n P. SIGAUDY.

FEED WATER DEVICE FOR STEAM GENERATORS. N0. 593,115.

Patented Nov. 2, 1897.

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JACQUES AUGUSTIN NORMAND, FRANOOISE ELISABETH NORMAND, MARIE EMILIE NORMAND, AND PIERRE SIGAUDY, OF HAVRE, FRANCE.

FEED-WATER DEVICE FOR STEAM-G EN ERATORS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 593,1 15, dated November 2, 1897.

Application filed September 12, 1896. Serial No. 6051661. (No model.) Patented in Belgium August 4, 1896, No. 122,862, in Englandhugust 5, 1896,N0. 17,309 inAustria August 30,1896,No.3,347; in Denmark May 22,189'7,1 lo.1,098,a11d in ltaly'geptember 23, 1897, No. 49.

To all whom it may concern: by a counterweight C, to which it is connected Be it known that we, J ACQUES AUGUSTIN by the beam D. WVhen the chamberAis filled NORMAND,FRANOOISE ELISABETH NORMAND, with water, the float B is in its highest posi- MARIE EMILIE NORMAND, and PIERRE SIG- tion, as shown in the drawings; but when the AUDY, citizens of France, and residents of said chamberAis empty the float B descends 55 Havre, in the Department of the Seine-Infto its lowest position. When the said chan1- rieure, France, have invented anew and useher A is partially filled with water, the said ful Improvement in Feedater Devices for float B takes up intermediate positions. Steam-Generators, (for which. We have ob- The slide-valve E is connected to the float IO tained Letters Patent in England, No.17,309, B and therefore is raised and lowered with 60 dated August 5, 1896; in Austria, No. 3,347, the said float, altering, according to its posidated August 30,1896; in Be1gium,No.122,S62, tion, the section of feed-water inlet in the dated Auguste, 1896; in Denmark, No. 1,098, boiler. dated May 22, 1897, and in Italy, N0. 49, dated There is a central perforation 6 through the r 5 September 23, 1897,) of which the following axis of the valve E, so that pressure in the 65 is a specification, valve-casingbeneath the valve and in the When the amount of steam generated in a chamber A is the same. The feed-Water enboiler is considerable relatively to the evapters at F and issues at G on its way to the oration-surface and when the feed-water has boiler.

to be divided between a number of boilers, it The apparatus is preferably placed above 70 is desirable to regulate the admission of such the normal level in the boiler, to which it is feed-water automatically, and the apparatus fitted at such a height that the dischargefor this purpose should combine the followpipe H from the vessel A is inclined downing features, viz: First, the operation of the ward gradually to its extremityl, which opens apparatus should be very reliable, since when at or about the normal level of the Water in 75 an automatic apparatus is employed the firethe boiler, and is horizontally near the center men will not watch the water-gages so closely of the evaporationsurface of the water, which as they would do if such apparatus were not center is independent of the motion of the provided. The apparatus should therefore vessel. The diameter of this pipe should be be suificiently powerful to actuate the dislarge enough to afford a passage si'multane- 8o tributing-gearingwith certainty,and itshoulcl ously to the water that is discharged and to he in a position such as to enable the efficiency the steam that takes its place. Instead of a of its operation to be tested at any time, and, single pipe there may be two such pipes, one second, when used in connection with marine for water, secured to the lower part of the boilers the apparatus should be as in dependvessel A, and the other for steam, this latter 8 5 cut as possible of the changes oflevel of wapipe being of much smaller diameter than ter in the boiler, owing to the motion of the that for water, and being secured to the upvessel. per part of the said vessel, the lower orifices In the accompanving drawings, Figure l is of both pipes being at the same height at or 40 a vertical section of the improved apparatus. near the normal level of the water in the 90 Fig. 2is anothervertical section thereof,taken boiler. It will be assumed in the following on the line X X. Fig. 3 is a plan of the appadescription that a single pipe is used. At the ratus with the cover removed. Fig. 4 is a vertop the chamber A also communicates through tical section of the apparatus,taken on the line a very small orifice in the cock J with a space Y Y; and Fig. 5 is a horizontalsection, taken or chamber wherein the pressure is less than 9 5 on the line Z Z, of the part ofthe apparatus that prevailing in the boiler-such, for examwherein the feedmgulating cylindrical slideple, as a feed-water heater constructed upon valve E moves. Normands system-the intermediate receiv- The apparatus consists of a chamber or ers between the cylinders, the cold water reservoir A, in which is a float B, balanced cistern, or the condenser, or even the atmos- IOO phere itself. The pressure within the chamber A therefore is always somewhat less than the pressure in the boiler, and a constant flow of water and steam is created between the boiler and the chamber A.

, The operation is as follows: If the waterlevel in the boiler rises above the orifice I of the pipe II, the chamber A becomes filled with water, owing to the partial vacuum produced by the escape of steam or water through the small orifice in the cock J, (for which one to four square millimeters will be a sufficient sectional area.) The valve E rises and closes and only allows the feed-water to pass through a narrow orifice K. As the water-level sinks in the boiler, owing to insufficient feeding, it eventually uncovers the orifice I of the pipe l-I. The water then leaves the chamber A, the float B and valve E descend, and the passage for the feed-water supply to the boiler is opened.

The water-level in the boiler around the orifice I of the pipe H is preserved from inj urious fluctuation or disturbance, due to the rising of steam-bubbles or to the motion of the vessel, by means of a chamber or space L, closed on all sides and only communicating with the volume of water contained in the boiler through the orifice M, situated at its lower part.

The apparatus is secured to the boiler by means of a cock N. The closing of the cooks N and J enables the apparatus to be isolated when required.

A rod P, connected to the connterpoiseweight G, serves to indicate the movement of the several movable parts and enables them to be operated either directly by hand or through the medium of a lever or the like whenever it is required either to insure the proper operation of those parts or to increase the feed-water supply in an emergency. The rod P should be of small diameter, and its packing in the stuffing-box should ofier only such a minimum resistance to motion as is absolutely necessary to insure tightness. The said rod P may be dispensed with where it is found to involve too great a sacrifice of the sensitiveness of the apparatus, or the effect of the friction between the rod P and its stufting-box may be counteracted by increasing the weight of the counterpoise G and reducing the length of the arm of the beam or lever D, from which it is suspended.

The apparatus will act in a satisfactory manner with somewhat considerable variation in the level or height of the orifice I of the pipe H in relation to the normal waterlevel in the boiler; but herein is given what we consider the most favorable conditions and those under which the apparatus will give the best results if applied to each constituent boiler of a battery of boilers, all fed from one and the same feed-water supply. It is well known that in a battery of this class the feedwater is the more evenly divided the narrower the sectional area of the orifice through which such water is discharged into the boiler, for there is such an increase of pressure between the feed-pipes and the boilers that the discharge takes place almost uniformly in all, whatever may be the slight differences of pressure between the different boilers and the want of symmetry between the connections of the several boilers with the feed-water collectingpipe. The production of steam in all the boilers, however, is not the same, and the possible want of symmetry of the steamvalves in relation to the steam-collecting pipe considerably increases the difference of production. The object of the feed-regulator is to remedy this cause of instability of the Water-levels.

Supposing now that the orifices ,I of the pipes H in the several boilers of the battery are arranged uniformlysomewhat beneath the normal level,generally the feed-regulators are filled with water, the slide-valves are closed, and the boilers are fed solely through a supplyorifice of a very small sectional area. There is therefore a greater or lesser excess of pressure, say, from one to three atmospheres, between the feed-water supply and the boilers, and there are theconditions above referred to upon which depends as uniform a division of the feed-water as possible between the several boilers of the battery. When the water-level in any one of the boilers descends below the orifice I of the pipe H, the feedwater regulator of such boiler is evacuated, the float in descending opens the slide-valve, the discharge-port of which becomes four, five, or six times larger, for example, than it was when the slide-valve was closed, and accordingly the amount of water fed to that boiler becomes four, five, or six times greater than in the other boilers. The water-level rises the more rapidly the greater this proportion of ratio, and the moment it attains the orifice I of the pipe H the chamber of the apparatus is filled with water and the slidevalve closed. Now assuming, on the other hand, that the orifice I of the said pipe H is situated somewhat above the normal level of the boilers, the feed-regulators are then generally empty, and the difference of pressure between the feed-water supply and the boilers will therefore be very slight, which is a rather unfavorable condition, as before stated,

'for the equal division of the feed-water among the several boilers of the battery. The level may sink rapidly in a boiler without causing any change to take place in the feed-water supply, since the feed-regulator only acts when the water-level rises, while previously its operation was brought about by the descent of the water-level. Now it will be understood that it is far more desirable that the feed-regulator should resist or counteract an abnormal lowering of the water-level than an abnormal rising of the same. When the level rises in any one boiler of the battery above the orifice I of the pipe H, the feed-regulator becomes filled, the cylindrical slide valve closes, owing to the rising of the float, and

the amount of feed-water admitted to that boiler is in consequence considerably reduced in comparison to'what it is in the remaining boilers of the battery. Again, if the orifice I of the pipe H be at the same height as the normal level, the inconveniences attaching to the arrangement previously described are to a great extent remedied, although the conditions are still less favorable than they were in the arrangement first described-that is to say,-the arrangement wherein the orifice referred to is situated somewhat below the normal level. I

In short,if stability of level be taken to mean the greater or less rapidity with which such level is restored to its normal height when it happens to be lowered, such stability will be far greater when the orifice I of the pipe H is situated a little distance below the normal level than when it is arranged above that level.

In view of the foregoing statements it will be readily understood that the feed-regulator, according to this invention, complies with the conditions laid down as being those upon which the proper operation of all feed-regulators depends. It is sufiiciently powerful to properly set the distributing or valve gearing in. operation, inasmuch as it acts in virtue of the total weight of the water displaced by the fioat,whereas in the majority of existing feedwater regulators a fraction only of the volume of the float becomes the determining cause of the motion and a considerable change of level is necessary to produce an appreciable amount of power. In the apparatus accordin to this invention, however, the slightest change of level is sufficient to set in operation or give effect to the maximum power as applied to the operation of the distribu tin ggearing.

Theimproved apparatus may at any time be disconnected from the boiler and tested. The orifice I of the pipe H being situated in the vicinity of the center of the evaporatingsurface, the level of the water in that portion of the apparatus is independent of any of the movements of the vessel on which the feed regulator'is employed. Besides, this apparatus enables a feed-pump common to a number of boilers to be employed, a circumstance which affords very material advantages, admitting, as it does, of the mechanism being greatly simplified and of a considerable amount of fuel being saved.

The feed-regulator will also operate satisfactorily if placed below the water-level. In this case the escape-cock should be placed in the lower part of the reservoir and the water discharged, substituted by steam or water, as the case may be, all of which takes place under the same conditions as before.

There are already a number of arrangements in existence which cause feed-water to be supplied to boilers by means of a pipe similar to the pipe H, opening in the vicinity of the normal water-level of the boiler, but in all these the motor fluid,whether water or steam, acts upon a special feeding device, whereas in the apparatus forming the subject of this invention the motor fluid, Whether water or steam, merely modifies the sectional area of the feed-water-supply orifice in each constituent boiler of a series or battery, such feed-water being supplied from a perfectly independent feeder.

It will be understood that the proportions, dimensions, and accessory devices may vary according to requirements without departing from the principle of the invention.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we claim is- 1. A feed-water regulator consisting of an exterior float-chamber having a small outlet at the top, a pipe communicating with the lower part of said float-chamber and inclined from the latter to the discharge end which is within the boiler and at, or near, the normal water-level, a valve-chamber communicating with. the float-chamber and boiler, a valve arranged in said valve-chamber and provided with a small passage to equalize the pressure beneath the valve and in the float-chamber, a feed-water pipe communicating with the boiler through said valve-chamber, a float arranged in the float-chamber and connected to the valve-stem, and a counterbalance for said float, substantially as described.

2. In a feedwater regulator, the combination with a boiler of an exterior float-chamber having a small outlet-cock at top to discharge into a space having a less pressure than that in the chamber, a valve-chamber entering the lower part of the float-chamber, a feed-water pipe communicating with said valve-chamber and with the boiler, a valve in said valve-chamber having a small channel to equalize the pressure beneath the valve and in said float-chamber, a counterbalanced float in said float-chamber connected to the valve-stem, and a pipe communicating with the float-chamber and with the interior of the boiler, its lower end being at or near the normal waterlevel, substantially as described.

3. In a feed-water regulator, the combination with a boiler of an exterior float-chamber having a small outlet at top, a valvechamber communicating with the lower part of said chamber, a feed-water pipe communieating with the boiler through the valve-chamber, a pipe communicating with the floatchamber and having its discharge end at or near the normal water-level and within a space inclosed upon all sides except a con tracted orifice at the bottom, a valve in the valve-chamber to regulate the area of the feed-water inlet to the boiler, said valve having a small channel for the passage of water,

or steam, a float in the float-chamber conspecification in the presence of two subscrib- 1o nected to the stem of said valve, and a couning witnesses.

terbalancing-weight for said float having 2t JACQUES. AUGUSTIN NORMAND. rod which is packed through the lower wall FRANCOISE ELISABETH NORMAND. of the chamber and provided upon its eX MARIE EMILIE NORMAND.

terior end with means for operating the float PIERRE SIGAUDY.

and its connected valve manually, substanitnesses:

tially as described. A. DIGVET,

In testimony whereof we have signed this GEORGES CHEVALIER.

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