US5892700A - Method for the high-resolution evaluation of signals for one or two-dimensional directional or frequency estimation - Google Patents
Method for the high-resolution evaluation of signals for one or two-dimensional directional or frequency estimation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5892700A US5892700A US08/860,473 US86047397A US5892700A US 5892700 A US5892700 A US 5892700A US 86047397 A US86047397 A US 86047397A US 5892700 A US5892700 A US 5892700A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- matrix
- sub
- dimensional
- signals
- eigenvalues
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
- G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
- G01S3/14—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
- G01S3/46—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using antennas spaced apart and measuring phase or time difference between signals therefrom, i.e. path-difference systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
- G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
- G01S3/74—Multi-channel systems specially adapted for direction-finding, i.e. having a single antenna system capable of giving simultaneous indications of the directions of different signals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2218/00—Aspects of pattern recognition specially adapted for signal processing
- G06F2218/22—Source localisation; Inverse modelling
Definitions
- This object is achieved by the inventive method for the high-resolution evaluation of signals for one- or two-dimensional directional or frequency estimation.
- the method according to the invention can be denoted as Unitary ESPRIT (Estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques).
- the method can be used in one or two evaluation dimensions.
- the evaluation dimensions relate to the one or two angles of the direction of incidence.
- the evaluation dimensions relate to the dimensions in which the frequency is to be estimated (1 time and 1 spatial dimension or 2 spatial dimensions).
- An algorithm for carrying out the evaluation method can be specified both for one-dimensional and for two-dimensional sensor arrangements in closed form. Search or optimization tasks with a high outlay on computation, which are usually required for calculations in the case of two-dimensional sensor arrangements, are avoided. By comparison with the Standard ESPRIT, only half the sample values are required for the same accuracy in the evaluation of uncorrelated signals or signal components. Said advantages of the closed algorithm lead to saving in computing time and thus to a better suitability of the method according to the invention for real time tasks.
- FIGS. 2a-2e shows in a to e one- and two-dimensional centrosymmetrical sensor groups for receiving narrow-band signals, as well as examples of subgroup formation;
- FIGS. 4a and 4b shows a comparison of the evaluation results of the Standard ESPRIT (4a) and the Unitary ESPRIT method according to the invention (4b) for three mutually correlated signals in a representation of the phase factors on the unit circle after 80 test runs, the inadmissible solutions of the Unitary ESPRIT method being provided with a mark ⁇ ;
- FIGS. 5a and 5b specifies, in a diagrammatic representation, a received signal together with subsequent harmonic analysis for the method according to the invention for frequency estimation;
- the sensor group comprises M elements.
- a one-dimensional sensor group or a planar two-dimensional sensor group can be involved.
- the sensor group selected in the exemplary embodiment is a uniform linear antenna group AG with an element spacing of less than or equal to half the wavelength ⁇ .
- the wavefronts of the signals or signal components impinge on the one-dimensional antenna group at an angle ⁇ k in each case.
- the window length N is selected in this case such that the angle of incidence ⁇ k can be regarded as constant during the samplings of a window length N.
- the directional evaluation is based on the circumstance that a signal arrives with a time delay at the different antenna elements.
- phase shift which is a function of the direction of incidence ⁇ k exists between the sample values of a signal at the different antenna elements.
- the directions of incidence are evaluated in terms of azimuth angle and elevation angle. The determination of direction is based on the assumption that all the signal components have the same carrier frequency.
- the configuration of a sensor group used for the method according to the invention for directional estimation is, however, subject to a condition.
- the sensor group must be centrosymmetrical, that is to say the geometrical arrangement of the elements must be symmetrical in pairs with reference to a center point, and the complex properties of symmetrical sensor elements must be identical (various forms of design are specified in FIGS. 2a-2c).
- a one-dimensional sensor group must exhibit invariance in the direction of a spatial coordinate, and a two-dimensional sensor group must have this property in two directions which need not necessarily be orthogonal to one another.
- column vectors or matrices are marked by bold lower case or upper case letters; transposed, conjugate complex or adjoint matrices and vectors are given the supplement T, * or H.
- the system matrix A of the sensor group is centrosymmetrical and therefore fulfils specific conditions, which can be described by the equation (1)
- the complex matrix ⁇ being a unitary diagonal matrix of dimension d ⁇ d, and d specifying independently of time over a window length N the number of the dominant incident signal components.
- II M is an antidiagonal permutation matrix of dimension M. It may also be remarked that the system matrices of the two subgroups, which are to be formed, of the sensor group must likewise fulfil the condition according to equation (1).
- the narrow-band nature of the signals received by the centrosymmetrical sensor group that no noticeable change in the complex envelope of the signal components is allowed to occur during the propagation of the wavefronts, belonging to the signal components, along the antenna aperture.
- the narrow-band nature can also be dictated by narrow-band filtering of the received signals.
- each sensor includes a device for converting the radio-frequency signal or the radio-frequency signal component received by means of the antenna element into a complex baseband signal, which is then sampled. The further evaluation, described below, of the complex baseband signals is performed in the evaluation device AE.
- the first method step is to read the sampled values x i (k) for each antenna element in the same sequence into the measured value matrix X. Should only one sampled value x i (k) be available, a spatial smoothing of the sampled values x i (k) must follow. An equivalent smoothing would be necessary for a frequency estimation by means of only one sensor element. However, this smoothing can precede the method in each case.
- Methods for spatial smoothing are known from B. Widrow et al., "Signal Cancellation Phenomena in Adaptive Antennas: Cause and Cures", in IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. AP-30, pages 469-278, May 1982 and S. C.
- the matrices Q M H and Q 2N are selected as unitary, left II-real matrices which are selected in accordance with equations (4) and (5): ##EQU2## (I n is an n-dimensional unitary matrix, II n is an n-dimensional antidiagonal permutation matrix).
- the second, purely real matrix T(X) has the dimensions M ⁇ 2N, and thus doubles the available matrix elements simply by relatively uncomplicated computing operations. Doubling dimension of the measured-value matrix X produces a forward/backward averaging of the measured values which is inherent to the method.
- a signal subspace estimation is carried out as the following method step. Methods which can be used for this purpose are explained in more detail in A. J. Van der Veen, E. F. Deprettere and A. L. Swindlehurst, "Subspace-based signal analysis using singular value decomposition", Proc. IEEE, Vol. 81, pages 1277-1308, September 1993.
- a signal subspace matrix T(X) with the dimension (M ⁇ d), whose d columns define the d-dimensional signal subspace, is attained from the second, purely real matrix E s . If the number of the sampled values N does not correspond to the number d of the dominant signal components x k , a reduction in rank thereby takes place.
- the matrices T and T -1 represent a column matrix of the eigenvectors or the same in an inverted form.
- the eigenvalues can also be determined via a Schur decomposition.
- a reliability test which particularly distinguishes the one-dimensional method according to the invention tests all the eigenvalues ⁇ k determined for their properties. If only real eigenvalues ⁇ k are established, the eigenvalues ⁇ k determined can be regarded as reliable. In the case of the occurrence of conjugate complex solutions, this reliability does not obtain, and it is necessary to repeat the method with a larger number of sensor elements M or a larger number of sampled values N.
- FIGS. 4a and 4b show a comparison of the evaluation results of the Standard ESPRIT (4a) and the Unitary ESPRIT method (4b) for three mutually correlated signals in a representation of the phase factors e j ⁇ k on the unit circle after 80 test runs.
- FIG. 4b shows the unit circle with the phase factors e j ⁇ k determined by means of the method according to the invention.
- all the phase factors e j ⁇ k lie on the unit circle, and the eigenvalues ⁇ k are therefore real.
- FIG. 4a shows the phase factors, determined with a substantially lower accuracy, in the case of the use of the Standard ESPRIT method.
- the wavelength ⁇ is equal for all the signals or signal components.
- Equation (14) is simplified to
- the components x k of the source signals s 1 ,s 2 are recovered by multiplying a pseudo-inverse DT -1 E S H Q M H of the estimated system matrix A,A ⁇ R M ⁇ d, containing the phase factors e j ⁇ k of the eigenvalues ⁇ k determined, by the measured-value matrix X.
- the diagonal matrix D ⁇ C d ⁇ d represents an arbitrarily selected diagonal matrix of dimension d ⁇ d.
- the signals s 1 ,s 2 to be transmitted can now be decomposed into signal components x k in one way and be radiated in various directions, determined by the reception, and in an appropriately delayed fashion, so that they overlap in terms of power at the receiver.
- the two-dimensional evaluation requires that some method steps be carried out in parallel for the two evaluation dimensions.
- the system matrix A In the case of the now two-dimensional, centrosymmetrical sensor group, there is no prescribed sequence for reading in the sample values with respect to the arrangement of the sensors, but the system matrix A must satisfy the form prescribed in equation (1).
- the conversion of the complex measured-value matrix X into a second, purely real matrix T(X) of dimension (M ⁇ 2N), which contains exclusively real values and can be assigned to the measured values, and a signal subgroup estimation for determining the real signal subspace matrix E S by processing the real, M ⁇ 2N-dimensional matrix T(X) while taking account of the d dominant vectors defining the signal subspace are carried out in a way similar to the one-dimensional method.
- ⁇ x need not be equal to ⁇ y (spacing of the subgroups in the x-direction and y-direction)
- m y can be selected independently of m x (m x ,m y being the number of the subgroup elements in the x-direction and y-direction).
- the complex eigenvalues ⁇ k are evaluated in accordance with the azimuth angle ⁇ k and elevation angle ⁇ k using equations (20) to (22).
- the applicability of the method according to the invention for directional estimation is not limited to a mobile radio environment, but comprises in a similar way problems in radar or sonar technology, astronomy, the surveying of mobile radio channels or other problems in seismic or medical signal processing.
- Methods for the directionally sensitive evaluation of received signals that is to say spatial filtering, can be applied to the reception of electromagnetic, acoustic and other types of waveform.
- the method according to the invention can also be used to estimate frequency components within a received signal, that is to say for spectral analysis.
- the dimension of the sensor group can be freely selected in the case of frequency estimation.
- the arrangement of the sensor elements is not subjected to any limitations.
- the dimensions for the sensor elements and the equidistant sample values must be interchanged accordingly.
- the subgroup formation takes place with the aid of a subdivision, for example, of the sample values along the time axis.
- the high-resolution evaluation can be performed in a one-dimensional or two-dimensional fashion and is based overwhelmingly on real calculations. Only non-attenuated oscillations can be evaluated.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19511752A DE19511752A1 (de) | 1995-03-30 | 1995-03-30 | Verfahren zum hochauflösenden Auswerten von Signalen zur ein- oder zweidimensionalen Richtungs- oder Frequenzschätzung |
DE19511752.2 | 1995-03-30 | ||
PCT/DE1996/000534 WO1996030777A1 (de) | 1995-03-30 | 1996-03-27 | Verfahren zum hochauflösenden auswerten von signalen zur ein- oder zweidimensionalen richtungs- oder frequenzschätzung |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US5892700A true US5892700A (en) | 1999-04-06 |
Family
ID=7758209
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US08/860,473 Expired - Fee Related US5892700A (en) | 1995-03-30 | 1996-03-27 | Method for the high-resolution evaluation of signals for one or two-dimensional directional or frequency estimation |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5892700A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0817976B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2999266B2 (ja) |
DE (2) | DE19511752A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1996030777A1 (ja) |
Cited By (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6127974A (en) * | 1998-09-29 | 2000-10-03 | Raytheon Company | Direction finding apparatus |
GB2349531A (en) * | 1999-04-29 | 2000-11-01 | Roke Manor Research | Locating transmitter using diagonalization of receiver position matrix |
US6225948B1 (en) * | 1998-03-25 | 2001-05-01 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for direction estimation |
US20020057660A1 (en) * | 2000-10-12 | 2002-05-16 | Hyung Gun Park | Method and apparatus for searcher beamforming in CDMA base station system using array antenna |
US6498581B1 (en) | 2001-09-05 | 2002-12-24 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Radar system and method including superresolution raid counting |
US6567034B1 (en) | 2001-09-05 | 2003-05-20 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Digital beamforming radar system and method with super-resolution multiple jammer location |
US6584233B1 (en) | 1999-07-19 | 2003-06-24 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method for determining the components of image noise patterns of an imaging device and use of this method in an imaging device |
US6653973B2 (en) | 2001-09-07 | 2003-11-25 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Adaptive digital beamforming radar method and system for maintaining multiple source angle super-resolution capability in jamming |
US20040046695A1 (en) * | 2001-11-15 | 2004-03-11 | Brothers Louis R. | Method and apparatus for high resolution tracking via mono-pulse beam-forming in a communication system |
US20040178951A1 (en) * | 2002-03-13 | 2004-09-16 | Tony Ponsford | System and method for spectral generation in radar |
WO2004090567A1 (en) * | 2003-04-10 | 2004-10-21 | Selex Sensors And Airborne Systems Limited | Interferometers |
US20050179587A1 (en) * | 2004-02-18 | 2005-08-18 | The Boeing Company | Method, apparatus, and computer program product for radar crossrange superresolution |
US7385553B1 (en) | 2002-01-08 | 2008-06-10 | Science Applications International Corporation | Process for mapping multiple-bounce ghosting artifacts from radar imaging data |
US7515098B1 (en) * | 2002-01-08 | 2009-04-07 | Science Applications International Corporation | Method for developing and using an image reconstruction algorithm for multipath scattering |
US20130114901A1 (en) * | 2009-09-16 | 2013-05-09 | Yang Li | Gesture Recognition On Computing Device Correlating Input to a Template |
US20130300596A1 (en) * | 2012-05-11 | 2013-11-14 | Fujitsu Limited | Detection and ranging apparatus and ranging method |
US8612195B2 (en) | 2009-03-11 | 2013-12-17 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Gradient-based workflows for conditioning of process-based geologic models |
US8892412B2 (en) | 2009-03-11 | 2014-11-18 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Adjoint-based conditioning of process-based geologic models |
US8928522B2 (en) | 2010-11-10 | 2015-01-06 | Fujitsu Ten Limited | Radar device |
US9606213B2 (en) | 2013-08-08 | 2017-03-28 | Elbit Systems Bmd And Land Ew—Elisra Ltd | System and method for directionally classifying radio signals |
US10229092B2 (en) | 2017-08-14 | 2019-03-12 | City University Of Hong Kong | Systems and methods for robust low-rank matrix approximation |
US10288715B2 (en) | 2016-09-09 | 2019-05-14 | Raytheon Company | Systems and methods for direction finding using augmented spatial sample covariance matrices |
US10288716B2 (en) | 2016-09-09 | 2019-05-14 | Raytheon Company | Systems and methods for direction finding based on minimum distance search to principal components |
US10768265B2 (en) | 2016-11-09 | 2020-09-08 | Raytheon Company | Systems and methods for direction finding using compressive sensing |
US20210149034A1 (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2021-05-20 | Nec Corporation | Object detection apparatus, object detection method, and computer-readable recording medium |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19710040B4 (de) * | 1997-03-12 | 2005-12-15 | Süddeutscher Rundfunk -Anstalt des öffentlichen Rechts- | Verfahren zum Messen der Entfernungen und Richtungen der Entstehungsorte von Partialwellen |
EP0970388B1 (de) * | 1997-03-25 | 2001-11-21 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum richtungsschätzen |
ES2200348T3 (es) | 1997-03-25 | 2004-03-01 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Procedimiento para la estimacion de canal a partir de señales de recepcion transmitidas a traves de un canal de radio. |
FR2764074B1 (fr) * | 1997-06-03 | 1999-08-20 | Thomson Csf | Procede et dispositif de radiogoniometrie cooperative en transmission |
EP0899896A1 (de) | 1997-08-27 | 1999-03-03 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Schätzung räumlicher Parameter von Überstragungskanälen |
DE19753932A1 (de) * | 1997-12-05 | 1999-06-10 | Cit Alcatel | Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Empfangsrichtung mittels einer Gruppenantenne, Funkfeststation und Funksystem |
DE19754030A1 (de) * | 1997-12-05 | 1999-06-17 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und Meßanordnung zur Messung der Eigenschaften von Funkkanälen |
DE19754031A1 (de) * | 1997-12-05 | 1999-06-17 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und Meßanordnung zur Messung der Eigenschaften von Funkkanälen |
DE19806616A1 (de) * | 1998-02-18 | 1999-08-19 | Cit Alcatel | Verfahren und Telekommunikationseinheit zum Aufbau einer Telekommunikationsverbindung in sich überlagernden digitalen Funknetzen |
US6311043B1 (en) | 1998-10-27 | 2001-10-30 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and measurement configuration for measuring the characteristics of radio channels |
DE10149303A1 (de) * | 2001-10-05 | 2003-07-10 | Elektrobit Ag Bubikon | Verfahren zur Vorrichtung zum Untersuchen eines Signalübertragungssystem |
DE102004020276A1 (de) * | 2004-04-26 | 2005-11-17 | Rohde & Schwarz Gmbh & Co Kg | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Funkpeilung mehrerer spektral überlappender Funkstationen |
DE102006036940B3 (de) * | 2006-08-08 | 2008-04-10 | Bruno Dr. Demissie | Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Ermittlung der Parameter von Peilwertverläufen von ortsveränderlichen Quellen mit regelmäßigen Gruppenantennen |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4353119A (en) * | 1980-06-13 | 1982-10-05 | Motorola Inc. | Adaptive antenna array including batch covariance relaxation apparatus and method |
US4750147A (en) * | 1985-11-06 | 1988-06-07 | Stanford University | Method for estimating signal source locations and signal parameters using an array of signal sensor pairs |
DE3728718A1 (de) * | 1987-08-28 | 1989-03-09 | Licentia Gmbh | Signalverarbeitungsverfahren |
US4910526A (en) * | 1987-05-18 | 1990-03-20 | Avion Systems, Inc. | Airborne surveillance method and system |
US4965732A (en) * | 1985-11-06 | 1990-10-23 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Methods and arrangements for signal reception and parameter estimation |
US5299148A (en) * | 1988-10-28 | 1994-03-29 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Self-coherence restoring signal extraction and estimation of signal direction of arrival |
US5359333A (en) * | 1993-07-21 | 1994-10-25 | E-Systems, Inc. | Robust multiple cochannel emitter detectors |
US5459668A (en) * | 1993-06-04 | 1995-10-17 | University Of Southern California | Method and apparatus for signal analysis employing a virtual cross-correlation computer |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4754282A (en) * | 1970-03-25 | 1988-06-28 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Improved data analysis system |
GB2072986B (en) * | 1980-03-26 | 1984-06-13 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Phased array signal processing |
FR2525774B1 (fr) * | 1982-04-23 | 1986-02-07 | Thomson Csf | Dispositif de filtrage adaptatif de signaux recus par un sonar actif pour la rejection de la reverberation |
DE3920705A1 (de) * | 1989-06-24 | 1991-01-10 | Honeywell Elac Nautik Gmbh | Digitaler richtungsbildner |
DE4223676C2 (de) * | 1992-07-17 | 1997-06-12 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zur adaptiven räumlichen Ausfilterung eines gewünschten Signals und zur Unterdrückung von Störersignalen beim Funksignalempfang |
-
1995
- 1995-03-30 DE DE19511752A patent/DE19511752A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1996
- 1996-03-27 EP EP96907287A patent/EP0817976B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-03-27 JP JP8528778A patent/JP2999266B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-03-27 WO PCT/DE1996/000534 patent/WO1996030777A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1996-03-27 US US08/860,473 patent/US5892700A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-03-27 DE DE59601346T patent/DE59601346D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4353119A (en) * | 1980-06-13 | 1982-10-05 | Motorola Inc. | Adaptive antenna array including batch covariance relaxation apparatus and method |
US4750147A (en) * | 1985-11-06 | 1988-06-07 | Stanford University | Method for estimating signal source locations and signal parameters using an array of signal sensor pairs |
US4965732A (en) * | 1985-11-06 | 1990-10-23 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Methods and arrangements for signal reception and parameter estimation |
US4910526A (en) * | 1987-05-18 | 1990-03-20 | Avion Systems, Inc. | Airborne surveillance method and system |
DE3728718A1 (de) * | 1987-08-28 | 1989-03-09 | Licentia Gmbh | Signalverarbeitungsverfahren |
US5299148A (en) * | 1988-10-28 | 1994-03-29 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Self-coherence restoring signal extraction and estimation of signal direction of arrival |
US5459668A (en) * | 1993-06-04 | 1995-10-17 | University Of Southern California | Method and apparatus for signal analysis employing a virtual cross-correlation computer |
US5359333A (en) * | 1993-07-21 | 1994-10-25 | E-Systems, Inc. | Robust multiple cochannel emitter detectors |
Non-Patent Citations (22)
Title |
---|
Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems & Computers M. Pepin et al, On the Performance of Several 2D Harmonic Retrieval Techniques, pp. 1 5. * |
Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems & Computers M. Pepin et al, On the Performance of Several 2D Harmonic Retrieval Techniques, pp. 1-5. |
IEE Proceedings F, vol. 139, No. 4, Aug. 1992, Y.H. Chen et al, Direction of arrival and frequency estimations for narrowband sources using two single rotation invariance algorithms with the marked subspace, pp. 297 300. * |
IEE Proceedings-F, vol. 139, No. 4, Aug. 1992, Y.H. Chen et al, Direction-of-arrival and frequency estimations for narrowband sources using two single rotation invariance algorithms with the marked subspace, pp. 297-300. |
IEEE (1986) Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, & Signal Processing, vol. ASSP 34, No. 5, R. Roy et al, ESPRIT A Subspace Rotation Approach to Estimation of Parameters of Cisoids in Noise, pp. 1340 1342. * |
IEEE (1986) Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, & Signal Processing, vol. ASSP-34, No. 5, R. Roy et al, ESPRIT--A Subspace Rotation Approach to Estimation of Parameters of Cisoids in Noise, pp. 1340-1342. |
IEEE (1994) ICASSP Proceedings in 6 Volumes, M. Haardt et al, Unitary ESPRIT: How to Exploit Additional Information Inherent in the Rotational Invariance Structure, pp. 229 232. * |
IEEE (1994) ICASSP Proceedings in 6 Volumes, M. Haardt et al, Unitary ESPRIT: How to Exploit Additional Information Inherent in the Rotational Invariance Structure, pp. 229-232. |
IEEE (1995) Conference Record of the 28th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems & Computers, M.D. Zoltowski et al, Closed Form 2D Angle Estimation With Rectangular Arrays Via DFT Beamspace ESPRIT, pp. 682 687. * |
IEEE (1995) Conference Record of the 28th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems & Computers, M.D. Zoltowski et al, Closed-Form 2D Angle Estimation With Rectangular Arrays Via DFT Beamspace ESPRIT, pp. 682-687. |
IEEE Proceedings, Sep. 1993, vol. 81, No. 9, A. Van Der Veen et al, Subspace Based Signal Analysis Using Singular value Decomposition, pp. 1277 1307. * |
IEEE Proceedings, Sep. 1993, vol. 81, No. 9, A. Van Der Veen et al, Subspace-Based Signal Analysis Using Singular value Decomposition, pp. 1277-1307. |
IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, speech and Signal Processing, vol. 36, No. 3, Mar. 1988, SOO ChangPei et al, Modified Spatial Smoothing for Coherent Jammer Suppression without Signal Cancellation, pp. 412 414. * |
IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, speech and Signal Processing, vol. 36, No. 3, Mar. 1988, SOO-ChangPei et al, Modified Spatial Smoothing for Coherent Jammer Suppression without Signal Cancellation, pp. 412-414. |
IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, vol. 37, No. 7, Jul. 1989, Richard Roy, ESPRIT Estimation of Signal Parameters Via Rotational Invariance Techniques, pp. 984 995. * |
IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, vol. 37, No. 7, Jul. 1989, Richard Roy, ESPRIT--Estimation of Signal Parameters Via Rotational Invariance Techniques, pp. 984-995. |
IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. ASSP 33, No. 4, Aug. 1985, Tie Jun Shan, et al, On Spatial Smoothing for Direction of Arrival Estimation if Coherent Signals, pp. 806 811. * |
IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. ASSP 33, No. 4, Aug. 1985, Tie-Jun Shan, et al, On Spatial Smoothing for Direction-of-Arrival Estimation if Coherent Signals, pp. 806-811. |
IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. 29, No. 1, Jan. 1993, A. Swindlehurst et al, Azimuth/Elevation Direction Finding Using Regular Array Geometries, pp. 145 156. * |
IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. 29, No. 1, Jan. 1993, A. Swindlehurst et al, Azimuth/Elevation Direction Finding Using Regular Array Geometries, pp. 145-156. |
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. AP 30, No. 3, May 1982, B. Widrow et al, Signal Cancellation Phenomena in Adaptive Antennas: Causes and Cures, pp. 469 478. * |
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. AP 30, No. 3, May 1982, B. Widrow et al, Signal Cancellation Phenomena in Adaptive Antennas: Causes and Cures, pp. 469-478. |
Cited By (38)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6225948B1 (en) * | 1998-03-25 | 2001-05-01 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for direction estimation |
US6127974A (en) * | 1998-09-29 | 2000-10-03 | Raytheon Company | Direction finding apparatus |
GB2349531A (en) * | 1999-04-29 | 2000-11-01 | Roke Manor Research | Locating transmitter using diagonalization of receiver position matrix |
GB2349531B (en) * | 1999-04-29 | 2003-08-27 | Roke Manor Research | Improvements in or relating to object location |
US6584233B1 (en) | 1999-07-19 | 2003-06-24 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method for determining the components of image noise patterns of an imaging device and use of this method in an imaging device |
US20020057660A1 (en) * | 2000-10-12 | 2002-05-16 | Hyung Gun Park | Method and apparatus for searcher beamforming in CDMA base station system using array antenna |
US7027421B2 (en) * | 2000-10-12 | 2006-04-11 | Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute | Method and apparatus for searcher beamforming in CDMA base station system using array antenna |
US6498581B1 (en) | 2001-09-05 | 2002-12-24 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Radar system and method including superresolution raid counting |
US6567034B1 (en) | 2001-09-05 | 2003-05-20 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Digital beamforming radar system and method with super-resolution multiple jammer location |
WO2003021289A1 (en) * | 2001-09-05 | 2003-03-13 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Radar system and method including superresolution raid counting |
US6653973B2 (en) | 2001-09-07 | 2003-11-25 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Adaptive digital beamforming radar method and system for maintaining multiple source angle super-resolution capability in jamming |
US20040046695A1 (en) * | 2001-11-15 | 2004-03-11 | Brothers Louis R. | Method and apparatus for high resolution tracking via mono-pulse beam-forming in a communication system |
US6930637B2 (en) | 2001-11-15 | 2005-08-16 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Method and apparatus for high resolution tracking via mono-pulse beam-forming in a communication system |
US7515098B1 (en) * | 2002-01-08 | 2009-04-07 | Science Applications International Corporation | Method for developing and using an image reconstruction algorithm for multipath scattering |
US7385553B1 (en) | 2002-01-08 | 2008-06-10 | Science Applications International Corporation | Process for mapping multiple-bounce ghosting artifacts from radar imaging data |
US20040178951A1 (en) * | 2002-03-13 | 2004-09-16 | Tony Ponsford | System and method for spectral generation in radar |
US6822606B2 (en) * | 2002-03-13 | 2004-11-23 | Raytheon Canada Limited | System and method for spectral generation in radar |
US7026990B2 (en) | 2003-04-10 | 2006-04-11 | Bae Systems, Plc | Interferometer arrangement for unambiguous determination of an angle of incidence of incident electromagnetic radiation |
US20050052316A1 (en) * | 2003-04-10 | 2005-03-10 | Bae Systems Plc | Interferometer arrangement for unambiguous determination of an angle of incidence of incident electromagnetic radiation |
WO2004090567A1 (en) * | 2003-04-10 | 2004-10-21 | Selex Sensors And Airborne Systems Limited | Interferometers |
EP2977783A1 (en) * | 2003-04-10 | 2016-01-27 | Selex Es Ltd | Interferometers |
US6972713B2 (en) | 2004-02-18 | 2005-12-06 | The Boeing Company | Method, apparatus, and computer program product for radar crossrange superresolution |
US20050179587A1 (en) * | 2004-02-18 | 2005-08-18 | The Boeing Company | Method, apparatus, and computer program product for radar crossrange superresolution |
US8612195B2 (en) | 2009-03-11 | 2013-12-17 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Gradient-based workflows for conditioning of process-based geologic models |
US8892412B2 (en) | 2009-03-11 | 2014-11-18 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Adjoint-based conditioning of process-based geologic models |
US20130114901A1 (en) * | 2009-09-16 | 2013-05-09 | Yang Li | Gesture Recognition On Computing Device Correlating Input to a Template |
US9805241B2 (en) * | 2009-09-16 | 2017-10-31 | Google Inc. | Gesture recognition on computing device correlating input to a template |
US8928522B2 (en) | 2010-11-10 | 2015-01-06 | Fujitsu Ten Limited | Radar device |
US9507018B2 (en) * | 2012-05-11 | 2016-11-29 | Fujitsu Limited | Detection and ranging apparatus and ranging method |
US20130300596A1 (en) * | 2012-05-11 | 2013-11-14 | Fujitsu Limited | Detection and ranging apparatus and ranging method |
US9606213B2 (en) | 2013-08-08 | 2017-03-28 | Elbit Systems Bmd And Land Ew—Elisra Ltd | System and method for directionally classifying radio signals |
US10288715B2 (en) | 2016-09-09 | 2019-05-14 | Raytheon Company | Systems and methods for direction finding using augmented spatial sample covariance matrices |
US10288716B2 (en) | 2016-09-09 | 2019-05-14 | Raytheon Company | Systems and methods for direction finding based on minimum distance search to principal components |
US10656235B2 (en) | 2016-09-09 | 2020-05-19 | Raytheon Company | Systems and methods for direction finding based on minimum distance search to principal components |
US10859664B2 (en) | 2016-09-09 | 2020-12-08 | Raytheon Company | Systems and methods for direction finding using augmented spatial sample covariance matrices |
US10768265B2 (en) | 2016-11-09 | 2020-09-08 | Raytheon Company | Systems and methods for direction finding using compressive sensing |
US20210149034A1 (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2021-05-20 | Nec Corporation | Object detection apparatus, object detection method, and computer-readable recording medium |
US10229092B2 (en) | 2017-08-14 | 2019-03-12 | City University Of Hong Kong | Systems and methods for robust low-rank matrix approximation |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0817976A1 (de) | 1998-01-14 |
WO1996030777A1 (de) | 1996-10-03 |
EP0817976B1 (de) | 1999-02-24 |
DE19511752A1 (de) | 1996-10-10 |
DE59601346D1 (de) | 1999-04-01 |
JPH10505912A (ja) | 1998-06-09 |
JP2999266B2 (ja) | 2000-01-17 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US5892700A (en) | Method for the high-resolution evaluation of signals for one or two-dimensional directional or frequency estimation | |
Rahamim et al. | Source localization using vector sensor array in a multipath environment | |
US6208295B1 (en) | Method for processing radio signals that are subject to unwanted change during propagation | |
Roy et al. | ESPRIT-estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques | |
US6697633B1 (en) | Method permitting increased frequency re-use in a communication network, by recovery of transmitted information from multiple cochannel signals | |
US6658234B1 (en) | Method for extending the effective dynamic range of a radio receiver system | |
US6535666B1 (en) | Method and apparatus for separating signals transmitted over a waveguide | |
US6310704B1 (en) | Communication apparatus for transmitting and receiving signals over a fiber-optic waveguide using different frequency bands of light | |
Krim et al. | Two decades of array signal processing research: the parametric approach | |
US4750147A (en) | Method for estimating signal source locations and signal parameters using an array of signal sensor pairs | |
Krishnaveni et al. | Beamforming for direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation-a survey | |
Shan et al. | On spatial smoothing for direction-of-arrival estimation of coherent signals | |
Schell et al. | 18 High-resolution direction finding | |
US6215983B1 (en) | Method and apparatus for complex phase equalization for use in a communication system | |
US8428897B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for spectral cross coherence | |
US6078788A (en) | Method and receiver device for reconstructing signals distorted by multi-directional diffusion | |
CA2272930C (en) | Cochannel signal processing system | |
KR102183439B1 (ko) | Beamspace MUSIC과 TMA를 결합한 도래각 추정 방법 및 장치 | |
Mohammed | High-resolution direction of arrival estimation method based on sparse arrays with minimum number of elements | |
Wisudawan et al. | Two dimensional angle of arrival estimation using minimum sparse ruler based rectangular array of antennas | |
Di Claudio | Asymptotically perfect wideband focusing of multiring circular arrays | |
Mathews | Signal subspace techniques for source localization with circular sensor arrays | |
Nakamura et al. | Extended beamforming by optimum 2-D sparse arrays | |
Krim et al. | Sensor array signal processing: two decades later | |
Bell et al. | Direction-of-arrival estimation using superresolution techniques with multiple beam antennas |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: FANUC LTD., JAPAN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:WATANABE, ATSUSHI;HARA, RYUICHI;REEL/FRAME:009066/0600 Effective date: 19970620 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, GERMANY Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:HAARDT, MARTIN;REEL/FRAME:008897/0395 Effective date: 19960324 |
|
FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
REMI | Maintenance fee reminder mailed | ||
LAPS | Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees | ||
STCH | Information on status: patent discontinuation |
Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362 |
|
FP | Lapsed due to failure to pay maintenance fee |
Effective date: 20070406 |