US5861665A - Structure for absorption of hydrogen in a package - Google Patents
Structure for absorption of hydrogen in a package Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5861665A US5861665A US08/853,735 US85373597A US5861665A US 5861665 A US5861665 A US 5861665A US 85373597 A US85373597 A US 85373597A US 5861665 A US5861665 A US 5861665A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- package
- hydrogen
- package according
- lid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/16—Fillings or auxiliary members in containers or encapsulations, e.g. centering rings
- H01L23/18—Fillings characterised by the material, its physical or chemical properties, or its arrangement within the complete device
- H01L23/26—Fillings characterised by the material, its physical or chemical properties, or its arrangement within the complete device including materials for absorbing or reacting with moisture or other undesired substances, e.g. getters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
- H01S5/022—Mountings; Housings
- H01S5/02208—Mountings; Housings characterised by the shape of the housings
- H01S5/02216—Butterfly-type, i.e. with electrode pins extending horizontally from the housings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
- H01S5/022—Mountings; Housings
- H01S5/02235—Getter material for absorbing contamination
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
- H01S5/022—Mountings; Housings
- H01S5/023—Mount members, e.g. sub-mount members
- H01S5/02325—Mechanically integrated components on mount members or optical micro-benches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/06—Arrangements for controlling the laser output parameters, e.g. by operating on the active medium
- H01S5/068—Stabilisation of laser output parameters
- H01S5/0683—Stabilisation of laser output parameters by monitoring the optical output parameters
Definitions
- This invention relates to optical and/or microelectronics hermetic packages, and in particular, to a structure for reduction or elimination of hydrogen from the package.
- Hydrogen is a common cause of damage and failure of optical and microelectronic components and circuits.
- titanium/platinum/gold metallization used in a wide variety of optical and microelectronics packages and hybrid circuits is susceptible to attack. This damage can be significant especially when the components are in an hermetic package, since the packaging material and packaged components can emit hydrogen over a period of time. Hydrogen from the package material can ultimately amount to 1-3 percent of the total pressure inside the package. The problem is particularly troublesome in the area of submarine lightwave systems where the packages cannot be easily repaired or replaced.
- the invention is an hermetic package which includes a housing for enclosing components. Within the housing is a member, separate from the components, which comprises a first layer of a material which forms a hydride when subject to solvated hydrogen, and a second layer formed over the first layer, the second layer comprising a noble metal material which forms solvated hydrogen when subject to molecular hydrogen.
- the second layer prevents the formation of a surface oxide and acts as a one way valve for the transport of hydrogen from the package ambient to the first layer, which serves to lock-up the hydrogen as a hydride.
- FIG. 1 is a top view, partly cut away, of a package which includes the present invention in accordance with one embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a side view, partly cut away, of the package shown in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of a member for the absorption of hydrogen in accordance with the same embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is an energy diagram illustrating operation of the invention in accordance with the same embodiment.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a typical optoelectronics package which includes the invention.
- the package, 10 is an optoelectronics package which includes a housing, 11, defining a cavity, 30, for the optoelectronics components.
- the optoelectronics components include a laser, 12, a spherical lens, 13, for focusing the laser light, and a photodetector,14, for monitoring the laser light.
- the components, 12-14 are mounted on a substrate, 15, which is typically silicon.
- the substrate is mounted to the bottom surface of the cavity, 30.
- the silicon substrate, 15, includes metallization, 16, on its surface for providing electrical contact to the components, 12 and 14.
- the metallization, 16, is wire bonded to metallization, 17, on a ledge in the cavity so that the components can be electrically contacted to the outside world through pins, e.g., 18, extending from the sides of the package.
- the metallization, 16 and 17, is typically made of layers of titanium/platinum/gold.
- the cavity, 30, is hermetically sealed by means of a lid, 19, which is bonded to the top surface of the housing by solder, 20 as shown in FIG. 2.
- the laser, 12, is optically coupled to an optical fiber, 22, through an aperture, 21, in a wall, 23, in the cavity,30.
- the cavity, 30, is hermetically sealed by lid, 19, the metallization, 16 and 17, can be subject to delamination by hydrogen gas since the material of the housing, 11, can itself emit hydrogen gas.
- the amount of hydrogen gas within the package ambient can be as high as 1-3 percent of the total internal pressure.
- the cavity includes a member, 31, which in this example is attached to the inner surface of the lid, 19, but could be mounted anywhere in the cavity.
- This member is shown in more detail in FIG. 3.
- the member, 31, includes a layer, 32, which is exposed to the package ambient.
- This layer is preferably a noble metal such as platinum, which typically has a thickness within the range 50 nanometers to 500 nanometers.
- the layer, 32 is formed on another layer or substrate, 33, typically by vacuum evaporation, sputtering, or other means known to those skilled in the art.
- the layer, 33 is a hydride forming material such as titanium or zirconium, and typically has a thickness greater than 200 nanometers.
- the bilayer structure is bonded to the inner surface of the lid, 19, by means of a bonding layer, 34, such as solder.
- a bonding layer, 34 such as solder.
- the two layers, 32 and 33 can be deposited onto the lid by standard techniques, such as vacuum evaporation, sputtering, or other means known to those skilled in the art.
- the member, 31, occupy an area of at least one percent of the interior package area or greater than 10x the total area of exposed at-risk material in the devices to be protected, whichever is the greater.
- At risk material is the material in the package which is susceptible to hydrogen damage.
- the area may be 0.1-0.4 cm 2 .
- hydrogen from the package ambient is adsorbed on the surface of the platinum layer, 32, and is transmitted to the interior of that layer by conversion of molecular hydrogen to solvated hydrogen within the metal structure.
- This reaction is endothermic, and in the case of platinum, requires approximately 0.5 eV per H atom as illustrated in the energy diagram of FIG. 4.
- the solvated hydrogen moves into the titanium layer,33, by an exothermic reaction which releases approximately 1.1 eV per atom.
- the solvated hydrogen then precipitates as titanium hydride in another exothermic reaction which releases approximately 0.2 eV per atom.
- the exothermic reactions serve to lock up the hydrogen in the titanium layer, 33, and prevent its return to the platinum layer,32, due to the presence of the energy barrier created thereby.
- the noble metal, 32 prevents the formation of a surface oxide on the reactive (hydride-forming) metal, 33, thereby keeping the surface "open” to admit hydrogen. It may also promote the movement of hydrogen into the hydride-forming metal by the presence of an energy barrier, but that is a secondary function. Thus, the noble metal layer,32 acts as a one way valve for the admission of hydrogen into the hydride forming layer,33.
- the element, 31, was incorporated into several standard pump laser packages by depositing the metals on the package lid and hermetically sealing the package so that the internal ambient was primarily N 2 .
- the packages were then aged for 1840 hours at 100 degrees C. These packages had no detectable hydrogen and no significant amount of water vapor formed within the package housing.
- the hydride forming layer can be an intermetallic compound or alloy such as Iron-Titanium alloys.
- the alloy could be placed in a vacuum chamber where the surface oxide is sputtered off and Pt or Pd deposited on the surface.
- the resulting member could be soldered or mechanically attached to one of the package inner walls or to the lid.
- the layer, 32 was platinum, a palladium layer is also preferred.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)
- Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
- Casings For Electric Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/853,735 US5861665A (en) | 1997-05-13 | 1997-05-13 | Structure for absorption of hydrogen in a package |
KR1019980016876A KR19980086954A (en) | 1997-05-13 | 1998-05-12 | Confidential Package |
EP98303680A EP0878845B1 (en) | 1997-05-13 | 1998-05-12 | Structure for absorption of hydrogen in a package |
DE69809630T DE69809630T2 (en) | 1997-05-13 | 1998-05-12 | Structure for absorption of hydrogen in a housing |
JP10129975A JPH10322044A (en) | 1997-05-13 | 1998-05-13 | Hermetic package |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/853,735 US5861665A (en) | 1997-05-13 | 1997-05-13 | Structure for absorption of hydrogen in a package |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US5861665A true US5861665A (en) | 1999-01-19 |
Family
ID=25316764
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US08/853,735 Expired - Lifetime US5861665A (en) | 1997-05-13 | 1997-05-13 | Structure for absorption of hydrogen in a package |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5861665A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0878845B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH10322044A (en) |
KR (1) | KR19980086954A (en) |
DE (1) | DE69809630T2 (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6110808A (en) * | 1998-12-04 | 2000-08-29 | Trw Inc. | Hydrogen getter for integrated microelectronic assembly |
US6203869B1 (en) | 1996-11-12 | 2001-03-20 | Thomas K. Dougherty | Hydrogen getters and methods for fabricating sealed microelectronic packages employing same |
US20030138656A1 (en) * | 2002-01-07 | 2003-07-24 | Sparks Douglas Ray | Method of forming a reactive material and article formed thereby |
US6703701B2 (en) * | 1998-10-06 | 2004-03-09 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Semiconductor device with integrated circuit elements of group III-V comprising means for preventing pollution by hydrogen |
US20050156159A1 (en) * | 2004-01-12 | 2005-07-21 | Mcdonald Mark E. | Hydrogen vent for optoelectronic packages with resistive thermal device (RTD) |
US20050253283A1 (en) * | 2004-05-13 | 2005-11-17 | Dcamp Jon B | Getter deposition for vacuum packaging |
US20090215610A1 (en) * | 2005-02-17 | 2009-08-27 | Saes Getters S.P.A. | Flexible multi-layered getter |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2956521B1 (en) * | 2010-02-16 | 2012-08-17 | Thales Sa | DEVICE COMPRISING ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC, ELECTROMECHANICAL OR ELECTRO-OPTICAL COMPONENTS WITH REDUCED SENSITIVITY AT LOW RATE OF DOSE |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4769345A (en) * | 1987-03-12 | 1988-09-06 | Olin Corporation | Process for producing a hermetically sealed package for an electrical component containing a low amount of oxygen and water vapor |
US5491361A (en) * | 1994-10-14 | 1996-02-13 | The Aerospace Corporation | Hydrogen out venting electronic package |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL7812244A (en) * | 1978-12-18 | 1980-06-20 | Philips Nv | HALOGEN LIGHT. |
GB8623296D0 (en) * | 1986-09-27 | 1986-10-29 | Emi Plc Thorn | Hydrogen getter |
US5624598A (en) * | 1995-04-18 | 1997-04-29 | Shepodd; Timothy J. | Materials for the scavanging of hydrogen at high temperatures |
US6673400B1 (en) * | 1996-10-15 | 2004-01-06 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Hydrogen gettering system |
-
1997
- 1997-05-13 US US08/853,735 patent/US5861665A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-05-12 KR KR1019980016876A patent/KR19980086954A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-05-12 EP EP98303680A patent/EP0878845B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-05-12 DE DE69809630T patent/DE69809630T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-05-13 JP JP10129975A patent/JPH10322044A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4769345A (en) * | 1987-03-12 | 1988-09-06 | Olin Corporation | Process for producing a hermetically sealed package for an electrical component containing a low amount of oxygen and water vapor |
US5491361A (en) * | 1994-10-14 | 1996-02-13 | The Aerospace Corporation | Hydrogen out venting electronic package |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6203869B1 (en) | 1996-11-12 | 2001-03-20 | Thomas K. Dougherty | Hydrogen getters and methods for fabricating sealed microelectronic packages employing same |
US6703701B2 (en) * | 1998-10-06 | 2004-03-09 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Semiconductor device with integrated circuit elements of group III-V comprising means for preventing pollution by hydrogen |
US6110808A (en) * | 1998-12-04 | 2000-08-29 | Trw Inc. | Hydrogen getter for integrated microelectronic assembly |
US6369442B1 (en) * | 1998-12-04 | 2002-04-09 | Trw Inc. | Hydrogen getter for integrated microelectronic assembly |
US6548889B2 (en) * | 1998-12-04 | 2003-04-15 | Trw Inc. | Hydrogen getter for integrated microelectronic assembly |
US20030138656A1 (en) * | 2002-01-07 | 2003-07-24 | Sparks Douglas Ray | Method of forming a reactive material and article formed thereby |
US6923625B2 (en) * | 2002-01-07 | 2005-08-02 | Integrated Sensing Systems, Inc. | Method of forming a reactive material and article formed thereby |
US20050156159A1 (en) * | 2004-01-12 | 2005-07-21 | Mcdonald Mark E. | Hydrogen vent for optoelectronic packages with resistive thermal device (RTD) |
US7377961B2 (en) * | 2004-01-12 | 2008-05-27 | Intel Corporation | Hydrogen vent for optoelectronic packages with resistive thermal device (RTD) |
US20050253283A1 (en) * | 2004-05-13 | 2005-11-17 | Dcamp Jon B | Getter deposition for vacuum packaging |
US20090215610A1 (en) * | 2005-02-17 | 2009-08-27 | Saes Getters S.P.A. | Flexible multi-layered getter |
US8986569B2 (en) | 2005-02-17 | 2015-03-24 | Saes Getters, S.P.A. | Flexible multi-layered getter |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH10322044A (en) | 1998-12-04 |
DE69809630D1 (en) | 2003-01-09 |
EP0878845A2 (en) | 1998-11-18 |
DE69809630T2 (en) | 2003-10-09 |
KR19980086954A (en) | 1998-12-05 |
EP0878845B1 (en) | 2002-11-27 |
EP0878845A3 (en) | 2001-07-11 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES,INC., NEW JERSEY Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:DERKITS, GUSTAV EDWARD JR.;LOPATA, JOHN;NASH, FRANKLIN RICHARD;REEL/FRAME:008570/0843;SIGNING DATES FROM 19970508 TO 19970509 |
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STCF | Information on status: patent grant |
Free format text: PATENTED CASE |
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FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY |
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FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 4 |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: AGERE SYSTEMS INC., PENNSYLVANIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INC.;REEL/FRAME:017555/0484 Effective date: 20010130 |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: DEUTSCHE BANK AG NEW YORK BRANCH, AS COLLATERAL AG Free format text: PATENT SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNORS:LSI CORPORATION;AGERE SYSTEMS LLC;REEL/FRAME:032856/0031 Effective date: 20140506 |
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Owner name: AVAGO TECHNOLOGIES GENERAL IP (SINGAPORE) PTE. LTD Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:AGERE SYSTEMS LLC;REEL/FRAME:035365/0634 Effective date: 20140804 |
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Owner name: AGERE SYSTEMS LLC, PENNSYLVANIA Free format text: TERMINATION AND RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST IN PATENT RIGHTS (RELEASES RF 032856-0031);ASSIGNOR:DEUTSCHE BANK AG NEW YORK BRANCH, AS COLLATERAL AGENT;REEL/FRAME:037684/0039 Effective date: 20160201 Owner name: LSI CORPORATION, CALIFORNIA Free format text: TERMINATION AND RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST IN PATENT RIGHTS (RELEASES RF 032856-0031);ASSIGNOR:DEUTSCHE BANK AG NEW YORK BRANCH, AS COLLATERAL AGENT;REEL/FRAME:037684/0039 Effective date: 20160201 |
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Owner name: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., AS COLLATERAL AGENT, NORTH CAROLINA Free format text: PATENT SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:AVAGO TECHNOLOGIES GENERAL IP (SINGAPORE) PTE. LTD.;REEL/FRAME:037808/0001 Effective date: 20160201 Owner name: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., AS COLLATERAL AGENT, NORTH Free format text: PATENT SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:AVAGO TECHNOLOGIES GENERAL IP (SINGAPORE) PTE. LTD.;REEL/FRAME:037808/0001 Effective date: 20160201 |
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Owner name: AVAGO TECHNOLOGIES GENERAL IP (SINGAPORE) PTE. LTD., SINGAPORE Free format text: TERMINATION AND RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST IN PATENTS;ASSIGNOR:BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., AS COLLATERAL AGENT;REEL/FRAME:041710/0001 Effective date: 20170119 Owner name: AVAGO TECHNOLOGIES GENERAL IP (SINGAPORE) PTE. LTD Free format text: TERMINATION AND RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST IN PATENTS;ASSIGNOR:BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., AS COLLATERAL AGENT;REEL/FRAME:041710/0001 Effective date: 20170119 |