US585993A - Roger william wallace - Google Patents
Roger william wallace Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US585993A US585993A US585993DA US585993A US 585993 A US585993 A US 585993A US 585993D A US585993D A US 585993DA US 585993 A US585993 A US 585993A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- chromium
- crucible
- oxid
- roger
- metals
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 241001620634 Roger Species 0.000 title description 8
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 22
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000001464 adherent Effects 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- REHXRBDMVPYGJX-UHFFFAOYSA-H Sodium hexafluoroaluminate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].F[Al-3](F)(F)(F)(F)F REHXRBDMVPYGJX-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical class [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036633 rest Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
- C23C14/243—Crucibles for source material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
Definitions
- This invention relates to improvements in the fusion of chromium and similar metals and to the manufacture of their alloys with the usual metals.
- chromium the bodies herein referred to as similar to chromium are molyb-. denum, tungsten, uranium, or alloys of these metals, either with one another or with chromium; and it should be fully understood that when chromium is spoken of what is said is to be understood of the above-designated metals or their alloys.
- a crucible or receptacle of carbon carburizes the metal and imparts to it properties which it is important to guard against.
- the crucibles or receptacles are,in accordance with the present invention, lined with oXid of chromium.
- the following procedure is employed: In a suitable crucible or receptacle borax, cryolite, sodium chlorid, calcium fluoride, or a mixture of these bodies is melted with an addition of oxid of chromium, which rests in suspension in the fused or molten mass. This done, the interior surface of the crucible which is to be lined (and which may be heated or not) is coated with the molten mass by any suitable process, or, in particular, by successively inclining the crucible in all directions, so that the fused mass covers over the whole interior surface of the crucible and thereby forms a protecting coat.
- the object of this invention being to obtain alloys of chromium, 85c. containing no additional metal than that which serves as the base of the alloy, it is not admissible to employ chrome ores, as has been proposed heretofore for making linings of furnaces, and which contain iron oXid and silica.
- chrome ores as has been proposed heretofore for making linings of furnaces, and which contain iron oXid and silica.
- my invention the ordinary graphite retorts by lining the same expeditiously at the moment of utilization.
- the method of lining just described, with reference to the fusion, is applicable without modification to the preparation of crucibles or receptacles for the production of alloys of chromium with the usual metals.
- the described improvement in the manufacture of crucibles for fusion of chromium and similar metals and for production of alloys thereof with other metals consisting in lining the crucible with the oXid of the corresponding metal by fusing a flux, such as hora-X, with addition of an oXid of the desired metal until the oxid is held in suspension in the flux, and then, by agitating the mass while the same hardens, forming a coating thereof upon the interior of the crucible, as set forth.
- a flux such as hora-X
- a crucible provided with an adherent interior coating of oxid of chromium free fro-m other metallic base, substantially as described.
Description
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
ROGER WVILLIAM WALLACE, OF LONDON, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR TO THE ELECTRO-METALLURGICAL COMPANY, LIMITED, OE SAME PLACE.
CRUCIBLE AND PROCESS OF MAKING SAME.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 585,993, dated July 6, 1897. Application filed June 13, 1896. Serial No. 595,480. (No model.)
To all whom it may concern.-
Be it known that I, ROGER WILLIAM \VAL- LACE, a citizen of England, and a resident of London, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Crucibles and Processes of Making the Same, of which the the following is a full, clear, and exact description.
This invention relates to improvements in the fusion of chromium and similar metals and to the manufacture of their alloys with the usual metals.
To facilitate the following description, it may be said at once that the bodies herein referred to as similar to chromium are molyb-. denum, tungsten, uranium, or alloys of these metals, either with one another or with chromium; and it should be fully understood that when chromium is spoken of what is said is to be understood of the above-designated metals or their alloys.
The fusion of chromium requires the use of excessively-high temperatures, and when this fusion is effected in ordinary crucibles, able to resist the temperatures employed, the chromium is contaminated by the Very matter which constitutes the crucible. Thus it is that a crucible or receptacle of carbon carburizes the metal and imparts to it properties which it is important to guard against. To avoid difficulty from this source, the crucibles or receptacles are,in accordance with the present invention, lined with oXid of chromium. To effect this lining, the following procedure is employed: In a suitable crucible or receptacle borax, cryolite, sodium chlorid, calcium fluoride, or a mixture of these bodies is melted with an addition of oxid of chromium, which rests in suspension in the fused or molten mass. This done, the interior surface of the crucible which is to be lined (and which may be heated or not) is coated with the molten mass by any suitable process, or, in particular, by successively inclining the crucible in all directions, so that the fused mass covers over the whole interior surface of the crucible and thereby forms a protecting coat.
It is to be noted that, the object of this invention being to obtain alloys of chromium, 85c. containing no additional metal than that which serves as the base of the alloy, it is not admissible to employ chrome ores, as has been proposed heretofore for making linings of furnaces, and which contain iron oXid and silica. I utilize by my invention the ordinary graphite retorts by lining the same expeditiously at the moment of utilization.
The method of lining just described, with reference to the fusion, is applicable without modification to the preparation of crucibles or receptacles for the production of alloys of chromium with the usual metals.
I claim as my invention or discovery- 1. The described improvement in the manufacture of crucibles for fusion of chromium and similar metals and for production of alloys thereof with other metals, said improvement consisting in lining the crucible with the oXid of the corresponding metal by fusing a flux, such as hora-X, with addition of an oXid of the desired metal until the oxid is held in suspension in the flux, and then, by agitating the mass while the same hardens, forming a coating thereof upon the interior of the crucible, as set forth.
2. A crucible provided with an adherent interior coating of oxid of chromium free fro-m other metallic base, substantially as described.
23. A crucible with an adherent interior coating of oXid of chromium free from other metallic base and a suitable flux, substantially as described.
In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribin g witnesses.
ROGER IVILLIAM IVALLACE.
\Vitnesses:
EDWARD P. MAoLEAN, EDWARD BARBARY.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US585993A true US585993A (en) | 1897-07-06 |
Family
ID=2654662
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US585993D Expired - Lifetime US585993A (en) | Roger william wallace |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US585993A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3031342A (en) * | 1959-10-27 | 1962-04-24 | Kertesz Francois | Graphite impregnation method |
| US20060195822A1 (en) * | 1999-11-30 | 2006-08-31 | Beardslee John M | Method and system for debugging an electronic system |
-
0
- US US585993D patent/US585993A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3031342A (en) * | 1959-10-27 | 1962-04-24 | Kertesz Francois | Graphite impregnation method |
| US20060195822A1 (en) * | 1999-11-30 | 2006-08-31 | Beardslee John M | Method and system for debugging an electronic system |
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