US5750172A - Transgenic non human mammal milk - Google Patents
Transgenic non human mammal milk Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5750172A US5750172A US08/460,959 US46095995A US5750172A US 5750172 A US5750172 A US 5750172A US 46095995 A US46095995 A US 46095995A US 5750172 A US5750172 A US 5750172A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- milk
- promoter
- mammal
- tpa
- recombinant polypeptide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
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- C12N15/85—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells
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- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/027—New or modified breeds of vertebrates
- A01K67/0275—Genetically modified vertebrates, e.g. transgenic
- A01K67/0278—Knock-in vertebrates, e.g. humanised vertebrates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
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- C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01K2267/00—Animals characterised by purpose
- A01K2267/01—Animal expressing industrially exogenous proteins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2830/00—Vector systems having a special element relevant for transcription
- C12N2830/008—Vector systems having a special element relevant for transcription cell type or tissue specific enhancer/promoter combination
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2830/00—Vector systems having a special element relevant for transcription
- C12N2830/80—Vector systems having a special element relevant for transcription from vertebrates
- C12N2830/85—Vector systems having a special element relevant for transcription from vertebrates mammalian
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2840/00—Vectors comprising a special translation-regulating system
- C12N2840/44—Vectors comprising a special translation-regulating system being a specific part of the splice mechanism, e.g. donor, acceptor
Definitions
- This invention relates to the production of recombinant proteins in mammals' milk.
- this invention relates to an expression system which comprises at least a milk-specific protein promoter operatively linked to a DNA sequence coding for a signal peptide and a desired recombinant protein product.
- the recombinant protein is expressed in the milk of the lactating transgenic mammal.
- This invention also relates to the transgenic mammal that produces the desired recombinant product in its milk.
- Recombinant products produced by the expression systems and transgenically altered mammals of this invention can be produced at significantly less cost than by conventional recombinant protein production techniques.
- Recombinant DNA technology has enabled the cloning and expression of genes encoding medically and agriculturally important proteins and glycoproteins.
- Such products include, for example, insulin, growth hormone, growth hormone releasing factor, somatostatin, tissue plasminogen activator, tumor necrosis factor, lipocortin, coagulation factors VIII and IX, the interferons, colony stimulating factor, the interleukins and urokinase.
- a DNA sequence coding for a desired protein is operatively linked in an expression system to a milk-specific protein promoter, or any promoter sequence specifically activated in mammary tissue, through a DNA sequence coding for a signal peptide that permits secretion and maturation of the desired protein in the mammary tissue.
- the expression system also includes a 3' untranslated region downstream of the DNA sequence coding for the desired recombinant protein. This untranslated region may stabilize the rDNA transcript of the expression system.
- the expression system also includes a 5' untranslated region upstream of the DNA sequence coding for the signal peptide.
- the expression system is transgenically introduced into a host genome by standard transgenic techniques. As a result, one or more copies of the construct or system becomes incorporated into the genome of the transgenic mammal.
- the presence of the expression system will permit the female species of the mammal to produce and to secrete the recombinant protein product, into or along with its milk. Such method permits the low cost, high level production of the desired proteins.
- This invention relates to processes, DNA sequences, compositions of matter and transgenic mammals for the production of recombinant proteins. More specifically, this invention relates to the transgenic incorporation of one or more copies of a construct comprising a milk-specific protein promoter or any promoter sequence specifically activated in mammary tissue, operatively linked to a DNA sequence coding for a desired recombinant protein through a DNA sequence coding for a signal peptide that permits the secretion and maturation of the desired recombinant protein in the mammary tissue.
- the construct is transgenically incorporated into mammalian embryos and the recombinant protein product is subsequently expressed and secreted into or along with the milk of the lactating transgenic mammal.
- Any mammal may be usefully employed in this invention.
- mammals that produce large volumes of milk and have long lactating periods are preferred.
- Preferred mammals are cows, sheep, goats, mice, oxen, camels and pigs.
- each of these mammals may not be as effective as the others with respect to any given expression sequence of this invention.
- a particular milk-specific promoter or signal sequence may be more effective in one mammal than in others.
- one of skill in the art may easily make such choices by following the teachings of this invention.
- the casein promoters useful in the various embodiments of this invention are the casein promoters and the beta lactoglobulin promoter.
- the casein promoters may, for example, be selected from an alpha casein promoter, a beta casein promoter or a kappa casein promoter.
- the casein promoter is of bovine origin and is an alpha S-1 casein promoter.
- the promoters that are specifically activated in mammary tissue and are thus useful in accordance with this invention is the long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV).
- the milk-specific protein promoter or the promoters that are specifically activated in mammary tissue may be derived from either cDNA or genomic sequences. Preferably, they are genomic in origin.
- the signal peptides that are useful in accordance with this invention are milk-specific signal peptides or other signal peptides useful in the secretion and maturation of eukaryotic and prokaryotic proteins.
- the signal peptide is selected from milk-specific signal peptides or the signal peptide of the desired recombinant protein product, if any.
- the milk-specific signal peptide is related to the milk-specific promoter used in the expression system of this invention.
- the size of the signal peptide is not critical for this invention. All that is required is that the peptide be of a sufficient size to effect secretion and maturation of the desired recombinant protein in the mammary tissue where it is expressed.
- TPA tissue plasminogen activator
- MIS Mullerian Inhibiting Substance
- cell surface proteins insulin, interferons, interleukins, milk lipases, antiviral proteins, peptide hormones, immunoglobulins, lipocortins and other recombinant protein products.
- the desired recombinant protein may be produced as a fused protein containing amino acids in addition to those of the desired or native protein.
- the desired recombinant protein of this invention may be produced as part of a larger recombinant protein in order to stabilize the desired protein or to make its purification from milk easier and faster. The fusion is then broken and the desired protein isolated.
- the desired recombinant protein may alternatively be produced as a fragment or derivative of native protein or it may be produced having an amino acid sequence similar to the native protein. Each of these alternatives is readily produced by merely choosing the correct DNA sequence.
- the expression system or construct of this invention also includes a 3' untranslated region downstream of the DNA sequence coding for the desired recombinant protein.
- This region apparently stabilizes the RNA transcript of the expression system and thus increases the yield of desired protein from the expression system.
- the 3' untranslated regions useful in the constructs of this invention are sequences that provide a poly A signal. Such sequences may be derived, e.g., from the SV40 small t antigen, the casein 3' untranslated region or other 3' untranslated sequences well known in the art.
- the 3' untranslated region is derived from a milk specific protein. The length of the 3' untranslated region is not critical but the stabilizing effect of its poly A transcript appears important in stabilizing the RNA of the expression sequence.
- the expression control sequences of this invention also include a 5' untranslated region between the promoter and the DNA sequence encoding the signal peptide.
- Such untranslated regions are preferably related to the promoter. However, they may be derived from other synthetic, semi-synthetic and natural sources. Again their specific length is not critical, however, they appear to be useful in improving the level of expression.
- the above-described expression systems may be prepared using methods well known in the art. For example, various ligation techniques employing conventional linkers, restriction sites etc. may be used to good effect.
- the expression systems of this invention are prepared as part of larger plasmids. Such preparation allows the cloning and selection of the correct constructions in an efficient manner as is well known in the art.
- the expression systems of this invention are located between convenient restriction sites on the plasmid so that they can be easily isolated from the remaining plasmid sequences for incorporation into the desired mammal.
- the expression systems or constructs of this invention are added to the gene pool of the mammal which is to be transgenically altered.
- the construct may be incorporated into the genome of a mammalian embryo by standard transgenic techniques.
- One technique for transgenically altering a mammal is to microinject the construct into the pronuclei of the fertilized mammalian egg(s) to cause one or more copies of the construct to be retained in the cells of the developing mammal(s).
- the mammals developing from the injected eggs contain at least one copy of the cloned construct in somatic tissues and these "transgenic mammals" usually transmit the gene through the germ line to the next generation.
- the progeny of the transgenically manipulated embryos may be tested for the presence of the construct by Southern blot analysis of a segment of tissue. If one or more copies of the exogenous cloned construct remains stably integrated into the genome of such transgenic embryos, it is possible to establish permanent transgenic mammal lines carrying the transgenically added construct.
- the litters of transgenically altered mammals may be assayed after birth for the incorporation of the construct into the genome of the offspring.
- this assay is accomplished by hybridizing a probe corresponding to the DNA sequence coding for the desired recombinant protein product or a segment thereof onto chromosomal material from the progeny.
- Those mammalian progeny found to contain at least one copy of the construct in their genome are grown to maturity.
- the female species of these progeny will produce the desired protein in or along with their milk.
- the transgenic mammals may be bred to produce other transgenic progeny useful in producing the desired proteins in their milk.
- the genomic map of FIG. 1 shows that the control or promoter region along with Exons I and II may be cloned as a 9 kb KpnI-BamHI fragment. Accordingly, ee digested the E1 cosmid with KpnI and BamHI, then ligated it to pUC19 (Bethesda Research Labs) which had been previously cut with KpnI and BamHI.
- the resulting plasmid pCAS 1134 contained the CAS promoter and signal sequence with a BamHI site suitable for cloning.
- prokaryotic sequences In order to allow the genomic construct to function in a eukaryotic host, i.e., to carry out transgenic work in which DNA is injected into the pronucleus, the prokaryotic sequences must first be removed.
- One method employed to remove prokaryotic sequences was to modify the pCAS 1134 so that the the SalI sites flank the eukaryotic DNA.
- the KpnI site located upstream of the CAS promoter was changed to a SalI site using the CAS-11 linker 5' GGT CGA CCG TAC 3' which was ligated into the plasmid following digestion with KpnI.
- the resulting plasmid, pCAS 1141 (see Figure I) contained SalI sites flanking the CAS promoter and the BamHI cloning site.
- TPA tissue plasminogen activator
- the casein signal peptide was used to direct secretion of TPA from the mammary glands of transgenic mice carrying a construct according to this invention.
- the nucleotide sequence of the casein signal peptide was fused to the sequence of mature TPA by RNA processing.
- the sequence of TPA has been described in D. Pennica et al., Nature, 301, pp. 214-21 (1983).
- the TPA gene as in the CAS gene, there is a BamHI site in Intron II which separates the signal peptide from the mature sequence R. Fisher et al., J. Biol. Chem., 260, pp. 11223-30 (1985)!.
- the cDNA of TPA shows the Bg1II site in Exon III at amino acid #3 of mature TPA.
- the CAS promoter plasmid pCAS1141 was digested with BamHI and the BamHI cassette containing TPA was ligated into the digested plasmid, as shown in FIG. 1, to yield plasmid pCAS1151, which contains the CAS promoter upstream of the cDNA sequence of TPA.
- This construct allows the TPA structural sequences to accept the casein signal sequence by RNA processing.
- each sheep is implanted with a progestagen-impregnated vaginal sponge (each sponge containing 60 mg 6 alpha-methyl-17 alpha-acetoxy progesterone).
- the sponge remains implanted for 12 days.
- the sheep are either hand mated to fertile rams or inseminated in utero with 0.2 ml per horn of washed ram semen.
- one cell fertilized embryos and cleaved embryos are surgically collected from the reproductive tracks of anesthetized sheep by retrograde flushing with about 6 ml Ham's F-10 medium containing 10% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum from the utero-tubal junction through the cannulated infundibular end of each oviduct.
- the flushings are collected and embryos removed under a dissecting microscope.
- the embryos are then transferred to fresh Ham's F-10 containing 10% fetal calf serum and transferred to the stage of an inverted microscope equipped with micromanipulators. Each embryos is then microinjected with a plurality of a construct, such as pCAS to 1151, according to the process set forth in R. L. Brinster et al., Cell, 27, pp. 223-31 (1981).
- the embryos are then aspirated into a glass pipet tip with 10 ml Hams F-10 and expelled 1-3 cm into the fimbriated end of the oviduct in synchronized recipient sheep. These sheep then are permitted to gestate for the appropriate time and their progany are tested for incorporation of a DNA sequence coding for TPA.
- the female species of these transgenic offspring produce TPA in their milk.
- a construct according to this invention containing plasmid pCAS 1151 is exemplified by a culture deposited in the American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, Md., on Jun. 23, 1987 and there identified as LE392/pCAS1151, wherein pCAS1151 is in E. coli K12. It has been assigned accession number ATCC 67450.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US08/460,959 US5750172A (en) | 1987-06-23 | 1995-06-05 | Transgenic non human mammal milk |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US07/065,994 US4873316A (en) | 1987-06-23 | 1987-06-23 | Isolation of exogenous recombinant proteins from the milk of transgenic mammals |
US33229389A | 1989-03-31 | 1989-03-31 | |
US10986593A | 1993-08-20 | 1993-08-20 | |
US08/322,984 US20020129387A1 (en) | 1987-06-23 | 1994-10-14 | Expression of proteins in milk |
US08/460,959 US5750172A (en) | 1987-06-23 | 1995-06-05 | Transgenic non human mammal milk |
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US08/322,984 Continuation US20020129387A1 (en) | 1987-06-23 | 1994-10-14 | Expression of proteins in milk |
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US5750172A true US5750172A (en) | 1998-05-12 |
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US08/460,959 Expired - Lifetime US5750172A (en) | 1987-06-23 | 1995-06-05 | Transgenic non human mammal milk |
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