US574479A - Furnace or kiln - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) W EGLE l2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

PURNAGE OR KILN.

No'. 574,479. Patented Jen.5, 1897.

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(No Moda.) v 2 sheets-sheet 2.

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FURNAGE 0R KILN.

No. 574,479. n Patented Jan. 5, '11897.

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WIIWESSE'S CW MM] R UNITED STATES PATENT EEICE.

VILLIAM EGLE, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN.

FURNACE OR KILN.

SIDECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 574,479, dated January 5, 1897. Application filed ll/[alch 4, 1896. Serial No. 581,796. (No model.)

T0 otZZ whom t may concern.-

Be it known that I, WILLIAM EG-LE, residing at Detroit, in the county of Wayne, State of Michigan, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Furnaces or Kilns; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to an improved furnace or kiln; and it consists in the construction and arrangelnent of parts hereinafter fully set forth, and pointed out particularly in the claims.

The object of the invention is to produce a furnace or kiln of simple and compact construction in which the arrangement is such as to enable the attainment of a high degree of heat with a minimum consumption of fuel, and a further arrangement for regulating the supply of air to the fire or burner so as to secure a perfect combustion of fuel, which obj ectis attained by the construction illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is a vertical transverse sectional view through my improved kiln. Fig. 2 is a vertical central longitudinal section through the kiln as on line 2 2 of Fig. l, the burner being removed. Fig. 3 is an enlarged detail in section of the damper and operating mechanism. Fig. 4 is a horizontal section as on line et 4, Fig. l. Fig. 5 is a plan view of the burner. Fig. 6 is a central vertical section through the burner as on line 6 G of Fig. 5.

Referring to the letters of reference, A designates the exterior casing of the kiln, which is preferably rectangular in form and provided with a top A', from which the stack A" extends.

The bottom of the oven of the kiln or fur nace is composed of a series of horizontal pipes B, which are mounted upon suitable supports and which are closed at their ends, said pipes being formed of suitable noncom bustible material, preferably fire-clay or like substance. Resting upon said pipes is a suitl able grate B', upon which is supported any article that may be placed in the kiln.

C designates a series of U -shaped pipes arranged contiguously and extending from side to side of the kiln, their curved upper portion forming the crown or arch of the oven, which is contained within the space or area embraced by said pipes, whose open ends on either side communicate with the combustion-chamber C' below'the bottom of the oven. These pipes extend from the front to the rear of the furnace and may be of such size and number as is necessary for the space of oven required.

C" designates a series of vertical pipes lo cated at the back of the oven and forming` the back wall thereof, the lower ends of which communicate with the combustion-chamber C' through the opening of the bridge B", supporting the rear ends of the horizontal pipes B.

Embracing the exterior of the pipes of the oven and interposed between said pipes and the outer casing of the kiln is a iilling or lining D, of lire-clay or other refractory material, which extends over the crown of the pipes C at the top, as at D', and at the bottom forms the inclined wall D" of the combustionchamber. This refractory lining prevents any outward radiation of the heat, resulting in the more intense concentration thereof within the oven.

Extending from the crown of each of the arched pipes C, and communicating therewith, is a vertical pipe-section E, the upper end of which discharges into a hood E', common to all of said pipes and supported upon the upper face of the refractory lining D', said hood having a iiue F leading from the longitudinal center thereof and discharging into the stack A" of the kiln. The open space F' between the upper lining D' and the top of the kiln not only serves to contain the hood E', but also assists to prevent the radiation of heat from The top of the kiln.

It is designed to operate this improved f urnace or kiln with hydrocarbon fuel, preferably kerosene, which is burned in the burner disclosed in Figs. 5 and G, which consists of a rectangular box-like, inclosure G, having a solid bottom, upon which is located a shallow pan II, into which the oil flows through a pipe b from an elevated tank G', which may be mounted -upon a bracket G" attached to the ICO i before each of which, upon the inside, is hung exterior of the kiln, as shown in Fig. l, the tlow of oil being controlled by a valve c, located in said pipe.

Located upon the top of the burner is a superstructure I, which is oblong, but rectangular in form, and provided at each end with two vertical flues J, which communicate with the interior of the burner, and between which, at their lower ends, is a transverse plate or diaphragm K, which divides the flame from the burner and directs it into the flueopenings J on either side. Located above the plate K, at the top of the fines J, is a second plate L, having a cent-ral aperture (l, which communicates with the chamber L', formed. between said plates, which chamber is open at each end, whereby a current of air is discharged through the aperture (l between the columns of iiame that ascend through the flues J, which assists in attaining a higher degree of combustion. This burner is located below the bottom of the kiln, the top portion of the burner extending into the aperture M therein,and the burner is so arranged that the fines' J thereof shall stand on opposite sides, so that the columns of flame therefrom will be directed toward the sides of the combuStien-chamber C and into the lower ends of the U-shaped pipes C, communicating therewith, a portion of said iiame passing to the rear and upward through the rear vertical pipes C. The caloric current passing through the arc-shaped pipes C from opposite sides is discharged therefrom through the pipe-sections E into the hood Il', from whence said current passes to the stack through the flue F.

It willbe understood that the area embraced within the arched pipes C forms an oven, of which the horizontal pipes B form the bottoni, and in which a high degree of heat may be attained from the fact that the walls of said oven are formed of a series of passage-ways through which the product of combustion passes on its way to the stack. The oven be ing so encompassed by said passage-ways for the caloric current is practicallysurrounded by fire, so that the action of the heat is direct from the bottom, walls, and top, resulting in the creation of a high temperature within the oven with a comparatively small tire.

The oven is provided with a suitably-hin ged door vN, which affords access thereto.

To provide for controlling the air-supply to the flame of the burner so as to properly support combustion, there is provided in the four vertical sides of the burner an aperture O,

a damper I), pivoted at the upper edge thereof, so as to swing inward. Pivotally attached to each of said dampers, near the center thereof, is a rack-bar Q., which passes outward through the opening O and is supported to slide longitudinally in a suitable bracket f. Passing vertically through suitable supports 7L on the side of the burner is a series of vertical shafts m, having a pinion n on their upper end engaging the rack-bar Q, said shafts having on their lower end a hand-wheel R, by means of which the shaft is turned to rotate the pinion n and carry the rack-bar Q horizontally in either direction to swing the dampers I), so as to control the passage of the inflowing air to the burner. By swinging the dam pers inward so that theirlower edge shall swing past the upper edge of the pan l-I containing the flame the current of air passing through the opening O is directed so as to impinge upon the iiame within said pan, whereby sufficient oxygen is supplied to maintain a strong flame therein. Should a lesser tire be required, the dampers are swung outward, so that the draft of air passing through said openings O will first be directed downward toward the bottom of the burner, from whence it will rise around the outer edge of the pan II, and will not,therefore, supply so strong a flame.

In the initial lighting ol the burner a small. piece of absorbent is placed upon the bottoni of the pan Il, which enables the oil to be ignited. As soon as the pan and burner become heated the iniiowing oil is converted into a vapor, enabling the burner to be then operated to its full capacity.

IIaving thus fully set forth iny invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. In a furnace or kiln, the combination with the exterior case, of the series of vertical. tubes having connecting arches at their upper ends which communicate with the outlet or stack, said tubes being arranged contiguously forming the ceiling and walls of the oven, the series of closed horizontal tubes forming the bottoni thereof, and the combustion-chamber below saidhorizontal tubes with which the lower ends of said vertical tubes communicate.

2. In a furnace or kiln, theeombination of the exterior case having a combustion-chainber in the base thereof, the series of horizontal pipes located above said chamber, the series of looped pipes arranged contiguously and communicating at their lower ends with the combustion chamber on each side of said horizontal pipes,pipes leading from the crown of said looped pipes, and the stack communieating therewith.

3. In a furnace or kiln, the combination with the exterior case, of the series of hollow pipes arranged in opposed vertical rows, forming the oven within the space inclosed thereby, the combustion-chamber with which the lower ends of said pipes communicate, the horizontal pipes forming the bottom of the oven, the hood embracing the upper ends of the vertical pipes, the stack communicating with said hood, and the lining of refractory material interposed between said pipes and the outer casing.

4. In a furnace or kiln, the combination with the outer ease having a combustion- IIC chamber located in the base thereof, the horizontal tubes above said chamber, the series of looped pipes arranged contiguously and embracing the oven-space, the lower ends of said pipes communicating with the combustion-chamber, the series of straight vertical pipes at the rear of said oven also communicating at their lower ends with said chamber, the short vertical pipes leading from the crown of said looped pipes, the hood embracing the upper ends of all of said vertical pipes, and the stack communicating with said hood.

5. In a furnace or kiln, 'the combination with the exterior case having the combustionchamber, of the oven located above said chamber, the burner extending into said chamber having a receptacle for containing the hydrocarbon fuel, said burner having draft-openings through the sides thereof, the dampers hinged above said openings within the burner to swing inward, and means for actiliating said dainpers to control the air-sup- P Y- 6. The combination with the furnace or kiln, of the burner located at the base thereof, said burner consisting of a rectangular receptacle closed at the bottom and having draft-openings in the four vertical sides thereof, the fuel-pan located within said burner having vertical walls, the dampers hinged over said draft-openings within the burner to swing inward, the longitudinal :removable rack-bars pivoted to said dampers, the pinions engaging said rack-bars substantially as set'forth. l

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two Witnesses.

WILLIAM EGLE.

lVitnesses:

E. S. WHEELER, CAssiUs HoLLENBncK.

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