US559287A - And garret f - Google Patents

Description

`No mpdel.) 3 Sheets-sheet 2.

E. HOYT &; Ggf'. SPIELE-4R'.` APPARATUS POR MANUPAUIURBTG` GAS.

. Pxented Apr; 28

MZW

(No Model.) 3 sheets-sheet' si "1 E. s. HoYT s G. F. SPEER. APPARATUS PORMANUPAGTURING GS.

Patented Apr. ffl- 3S the Yprocess described.

. 40 section on line e, Fig. 2.

rricni ATEN l` EZlL-l llOY'l, Ol.41 DlYROI'l, illlClllGAN, .AND @ARRET RSPEER, OF CAU- lS'.l`.lO, NEW YORK, ASSGNORS, .BY`DlREC'l-AND MESNE 'ASSIGXMENT T() rilil llOYT-bllCER COMPOND GAS COMPANY, LlMlT MICHIGAN.

APPARATUS FR MANUFACTURING GAS.

SPECIFICATIQN forming part of lhetters Patent No. 559,287, dated April 28, 18.96.

Application filed :December 1, 18g/L Serial No. 530,537. (No model.)

io had therein to the accompanying drawings.

'lhisinvention relates to an improvelncntin apparatus `for the manufacture oi gas by de coinposingsteain in contact with carbonace ous fuel, and is specifically designed to gen- :5 crate fuel-gas rapidly and in a continuous nianner by means of a generator having a single generating-chainber arranged for the continuous generation of gaseous products rom air, steam, and coal, and from petroleumzo oil, and' for combining the various products to i'orin. a homogeneous gas free from condensable products.

To this end our invention consists in the improved construction, arrangement, and e 5 coinhinaiion oi' the various parts oi the gen.-

erator for carrying` on the manufacture oi' fuel-gas according to this process ou a large commercial scale, which insures eilicicucy,

economy, and cheapness of the gas produced,

3o all as more inlly hereinafter described, and

specifically pointed out in the claims, In the drawings, liigurelreprescnts a diagrammatic vertical section of the complete apparatus lor nxanuiaeturiinr gas according to Fig. l is a vertical central longitudinal section of the apparatus `coi`istructed for practiealnse. Figs. 3 and l are horizontal sections substantiallyin planes on lines uc .r and 'y y in Fig. 2. Fig, 5 is a crosslp-represents the generator, which is a rectangular structure of .fire-brick forming a single gene'rating-chamber B in one end and a regenerating-coiuluitC, which extends in a '0445 serpentine path troni near the top ot the genl erating-chaniber through the entire brickwork. This conduit forms a seriesof` vertical passages a, which are alternately united at to'p and-bottom by curved bends of, and

. then it divides into two branches C G2, which again reunite into a single discharge-(nitlet C3. The branches C and C2 in the construct-ion shown in Figs. 2, 8, 4t, and 5 extend ou opposite sides of the longitudinal center of the briclwork, and each forms a vertical series of horizontal chambers Z1, thc rear ends oi' which open out through the lnckwork and are closed by suitable covers `h'.

D D D2 are area-ways constructed in `the foundation of thest-ructure ior the purpose of convenient access to diiicrent parts ol the structure.

E is the generator-hearth made of li 1ro-brick. F is a door convenient for kindling the iire andremoving the ashes from the generatingchamber. p

are peep-holes in the iuclosiiig; wall of the generating-chamber at different heights.

yll are twyers through which supcrheated steam introducednear the top of 'the fuel.

l are twyers to which airis introduced into the fuel. They extend partially around the inner wall of the chambeiin the forni oi' eccentric channels l', whereby the air is delivered circuniferentially and tangeutially to the body of the fuel in `the lower purtol the generating-chamber.

T is an air and steam distributincone extending up centrally from the bottom of the gel1mating-chamber. lt is preferally formed of lire-clay and with an annular steam-chamber` J", froin'which the steam is discharged through perforations J 2, while the air is led up through a central ijiassage J "i and is discharged through perforations J4 in the top of the cone.

. movably in position by means of suitabledel is a platform supporting the cone J revices for raising and lowering the platform.

L is an air-supply pipe connecting throueh suitable valv'ed branches L' Ll with the twy 'rs l' and with the central `passage J3 in the cone. f M is` the steam-supply pipe, having snil- `alole valve-controlled connections with the `Whichzis operated by ahydraulie piston N" in SD, 0F DETROIT,

'N' into the generating-cliambe1.

the cylinder N4. The hydraulic cylinder is providedyvith suitable means lfor admitting Water under pressure to raise the piston N at any desired degree of motion7 and thereby raise the fuel in the magazine to discharge the desired quantity of in el through the spout n; self closing valve Ni may be placed in the spout to keep it closed when no fuel is passing into the generathr. When the magazine is empty, the piston N2 is lowered by letting ont the Water, and 'fresh fuel is supplied into the magazine through a suitable feeddoor NG.

By regulating the admission of the Water by a suitable Valve N7 the feeding of coal can be accurately regulated to suit the require ments, and the whole arrangement not only forms a great labor-saving device, but produces superior results in the operation of making gas, as will be explained hereinafter.

The regenerating-chamber is filled with refractory material, preferably in the forni of spheres, to aiiord to the gases passing through it an extended surface with numerous small openings. The single conduit C isuof elliptical crossseetion and that of the branches @"02 is circular, which permits of building the whole conduit as a continuous arched structure, imparting strength and stabilityto the brickworlc.

The regenerating-conduit is provided with suitable manholes 0, conveniently located at the top for access to the chambers u., and at the. bottom there'areoutlets Q conveniently located over the areas for the removal or discharge of any accumulated matter. The chambers Z) ot' the branches C C2 are accessible through the deors'h'.- The lower chamber is preferably formed with a slightly-inclined base, so that tar or other liquid substance accumulating therein Will find its way to thev bottom into a receptacle 02, providedv with means for removing its contents.

P and Q are pipes which supply a consta-nt current of steam and one ofoil, respectively, from suitable sources of supply I and Q to heating devices exposed to the heat of the hot gases from the regenerator C. To this end the chambers of the branch contain suitable pipe-coils P2 for the'steam to pass through, and the branch (52 is correspondingly provided with pipe-coils Q2 for the oil. In addition there are loops of pipe P3 for the steam and Q3 for the oil, which loops are located in heating-chambers R, constructed in the brickwork between the chambers a, extending transversely through the structure.

l The super-heating devices P2 l for the steam are connected in series in such manner that the steam entering at the rearend is exposed to gradually-increasing heat until it is heated to the temperature required for its decomposition in the generator-chamber. The heating devices Q2 Q3 for the oil are arranged in the same manner, except that a number of .condensers Q4 Q5 Q are intermcdiately connected in series with them. These condens- 'chambers c d e.

ers may be of any suitable construction adapted to condense the oil-vapors generated in the heating devices and separate the non condensalole from the eondensable vapors. Those shown in the drawings are of known form and consist of a closed vessel divided' by two horizontal diaphragme into three The chambers e and e are connected by vertical pipes. A partition f vertically divides the upper chamber o, and a partition g in the lower chamber converts the saine into a trap. The middle chamber d is provided `with suitable means to carry a stream ot' cold Water through it, while the upper chamber connects on onefside of its 'vertical partition with the pipe Q, through which the heated vapors are carried in, and on the other side withA the pipe S, throi'igh which the lined vapors are carried off, while the liqniied products pass oft from the chamber e.

The arrangement of the heating-coils and the condensers is such that in the heatingcoils intermediate between the different condensers the oil is subjected to the respective temperatures required to convert the constituents of the oil successively into fixed vapors, so that the condensers separately receive the fixed vapors of the different volatile constituents in the order in which such constituents are converted by the in creasin g temperatures, While the condensers separate the fixed va pors thus generated from the vapors of other constituents which' have not yct been heated u p to the temperature at which they become fixed, and which by cooling become liquid and have to be heated to higher temperature to become Xed. vapors in their turn.

According to circumstances the whole of the heated current of the oil may be allowed to pass through the condensers, or the condensers-are placed in branch connections with the heaters, Which branch connections are so arranged that the vapors alone pass `into the condensers through one branch, while the'liquidoil passes directly from one heating device to the other. In this manner all the volatile constituents of the oil that can be cn verted into fixed vapors by this process of fractional gasiiication at different degrees of temperature are removed from the oil and the residue is then directly discharged into the generator or into the regenerating-chamber at a point Where the heat is sufficient to conlOO vert them into gaseous product by destructi ve distillation.

The fixed vapors separated iu the different condensers are either collectively combined l with the hot gases in the conduit or the fixed vapor of eachconstituent is separately conducted into the conduit and combined with the gases at such prescribed temperatures, which, while sufficient to combine itv with th e hot products, will not be high enough to decompose it, as the dineren-t vapors in this respect cannot stand the same degree of heat.

In Fig. l the steam-ccils 'P2 are shown as saucer inclosed in the lower branch C',u'l1ileihe coil P3 is below the passage o in the wall. The eithertting coils Q2 areshown asV located in the upper branch C2, While the coils Q are incased in the Walls above the passage o. The inode of operation oftheapparatus a whole is as follows: Before anyfgas `can he made it is necessary to raise the regeneratinga eonduirits i-uclosing walls, and the material contained therein first to a high Llgrec of heat by the active combustion of 1'1 el in the gen@rating-chamber by the application oi' the airblast through the twyers I and the perforations J2 in. thecone. Then the proper conditions for gas-making have been established, the steam and oil are also turned on,

.meneed and carried on continuously.

and the generating of may then be coni- The body of coal in the generatingchamber is maintained at about the height of the upper twyers il, and the supply of fresh bituminous coal, by means of the hydraulic lift, is so regulated that it operates as a continuous feed. This has the great advantage that the dstilling oft of the hydrocarbon gas and the subsequent eoking of the fresh coal proceed continuouslyY without causing an y liuctuation in the operation, and, bcsides, the line coaldust is all burned up instead of being carried over the gencmting-ehanibcr, as is the case wh en a large body of 1 he fuel is supplied in teriiiittently, as heretofore, and where the dust is carried by the d rntt into the conduit' and causes constant trouble bychoking upthc interstices in the regenerating material. The peculiar arrangement ot the twyers l Vcompels the blast to assume a spiral course, et

fu'hich the air is mainly directed into and distributed through the lower portion of the cl1argc,\r'l1ieh istherebyinaintained in a state of active eon'lbustion, and thcheat generated maintains the upper portion of 'the charge with which the s tcarn is brought into contact thrfmgh the twycrs ll in a constant state of incant'lescenee, so that the steam is continuouslj,`- d eeolnposcd without slackenin g the lire.

` I '.lhe use of the intcrior'eone with its means introduced near the base' of the conc at the same ti `1e prevents the formation eifel ikersf 'and cakes` Without slackening7 mit, 1

om ,er rives @nonni nfejtoinf is needed to prod-h2o the heat for colring the l'resh fuel added. The products of this ook- `ing et' the bituminous `coal, together withthe` products of combustion and ofjthe decompo-` sition of steam, bec-orne immediateiyand thor onghly mixed with the superheated steam injected through thetwyers ll just above or at the top offtheffuel where it' gives o''l. its 'greatest heat .and-'wherethewalls are also vcryhighlyhcatcd, and byrthis interlningling of the products the steam and the Yolatilized i the generator and` 'thejcenluitl therein, 4and constantly inaintain'it at a temj peraturc sufficient te ecct the thorough incorporation and mixing of the gaseous products derived from, the oil with the het product-s troni the generator, so that the linal product forms a perni anent and homogeneous gas.`

'lhe apparatus is particularly designed to ntlizenll the heat produced'by the fuel not only for the generation of gases, but also for accomplishing the regenerating and the heatingof the steam and oil, so that the process can be carried on continuously, and to this end the arrangement of the chamber is particularly advantageous in affording a large amount of sin-,face to the con-tact of the heated. gases in a Very compact structure. The paratus also affords particular facilities for cleaning and repairing thcjnterior and all other parts liable to need repair from time to time, and with this end in View the conc has made easily removable, as are also the various twyiers, the heating-chambers R, peep? holes, and other openings, which are of 1n0ldeil fire-brick and made slightlyC/onical. whatwe claim as our invention iss-- IOO l. In a gas apparatus, the combination of a generator, a regenerating-condoit extending therefrom, two branches C C2 thereof, oil'-A steam-supcrheating coils in the other branch, and connections 'from said oil-coil into the 4superheating coils in one of said branches,

conduit, and fronithe steam-coil to the gencrater, suhstantialllyas described.

il.l In a gas apparatus, the combination cfa generatoiga regenerating-concimi; extending therefrom in a serpenti ne path through briek/ work, transverse serpentine conduits in w the,

briekwork between the 'loops of the regenerating-conduit, supcrhcating-coils for oil and steam nl said transverse conduits. i 3. in a gas apparatus, the combination ofa generator, a regen@ratingeonduit extending thcregronlin a serpentine path through brickconduit, -51err' were, branches at the end of said t' lerneti its" ed bran-tes, parte ot said bran ch conduits, steam-superheating coils in the other. brancllthereof,'and disdesinfo.

charge connections frognthe coils l 41 In agas apparatus,"th ,n` g the generator.' the serpentine regener tel-leon- 'duit extending therefrom a scriesbf transversc serpentine heating-chambers between the loops ofthe regeiierator-eoniuit, oil-heating coils in such transverse chambers, a se ries of comlenscrs, oil-pipes leading from the eoi in said transverse heatinghmnbers; to In testimony whereof we alx om' signathz 'condensers, and pipes leading from; the Lures in presence of twe witnesses. gan-chambers of [he condensel's to interme- 4 EZRA S. HOYT.

diate portions of the regen@rater-pondut, and GARRET F. SPE E R.

:i pipe leading from the oil-chamber of the lust W itnesses:

" c0nde11se1`,'t0 :Lt-o1' near the genera-tor, snb- M. 15. ODOGHERTY.,

smntially as and fer the plu-pose described. L. J. XVHITTEMORE.

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