US559041A - Ludovic picaed - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.)

, L. PIGARD.

' DRAWING INSTRUMENT.

No. 559,041. PatentedApr. 28,1895.

.1 ml ml NITED STATES LUDOVIO PIOARD, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

DRAWING INSTRUMENT.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 559,041 dated April 28, 1896. Application filed January 4, 1896. Serial Nbl 574,306. (No model.) Patented in France July 9, 1894,1l'o. 239,903 in Germany July 14, 1894, No. 79,634; in Belgium December 28,

and in Switzerland May 6,1895, No. 10,433.

To all whom it mag concern; H

Be it known that I, Lunovro PIoARD, a citizenof France, residing at 51 Rue de Belleville, Paris, in the Republic of France, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Drawing'Instruments, (for which I have obtained Letters Patent in France, No. 239,903, dated July 9, 1894; in England, No. 127, dated January 2, 1895, the date claimed in the English patent and appearing uponthe face thereof, under section 103 of act, the date of the first foreign application in France under the International Convention being July 9, 1894; in Germany, No. 7 9,634, dated July 14, 1894; in Belgium, No. 113,369, dated December 28, 1894, and in Switzerland, No. 10,433, dated May 6, 1895,) of which the following is a specification.

My invention has relation to a drawing instrument designed, primarily, to assist in copying from nature perspective and similar views; and in such connection it relates par-. ticularly to the construction and arrangement of such an instrument.

The principal objects of my invention are, first, to provide a drawing instrument of simple construction, by means of which copies from nature of perspective and similar views may be made, drawn to required scale; second, to provide in such an instrument three branches or rulers, each of which is provided with a longitudinal slot and carrying centrally an index X with equal graduations above and below the central index, two of said branches or rulers being jointed or pivoted to the other branch, preferably in the longitudinal slot thereof, and, third, to provide in such an instrument one of the branches with a line and plumb, whereby said branch may be held in a vertical position.

My invention, stated in general terms, consists of a drawing instrument constructed and arranged in the manner and for the purposes hereinafter described and claimed.

The nature and scope of my invention will be more fully understood from the following description, taken in connection with the accompanyingdrawings, forming part hereof, and in which- 1894,No.113,869,' in England January 2, 1895, No. 127,

Figure 1 is a View in elevation of a drawing instrument embodying the main features of my invention; and Fig. 2 is a similar view, reduced,'showing the application of the instrument in the copying of perspective from natural objects.

Referring to the drawings, the instrument consists of three branches or sections A, B, and O, which for convenience may be called rulers The respective branches or rulers are provided with longitudinal slots at, b, and c. To the branch A, and preferably in the slot athereof, is jointed or pivoted, as at m, the branch or ruler B in such a manner that it may be moved about said pivotal point to any required angle with respect to the branch A. i The branch or ruler B may also be moved up and down in the slot a of said branch A. The branch 0 is jointed or pivoted, as at n, to the branch A in a manner similar to the manner in which the branch 13 is jointed or pivoted to the branch A-that is to say, the branch 0 may be turned at any required a11- gle with respect to the branchA and may be moved up and down in the slot at thereof. The branches B and C may also be moved to extend 011 both sides or to the right or left of the branch A, the longitudinal slots 1) and c permitting of this sidewise movement.

The branches A, B, and C have on their faces a central point or index 0, and above and below that point a series of equal gradua-' tions 12 3, &c., which in turn are equally subdivided. From the pivotal connection at, which, as shown, is at or near the top of the branch A, is suspended a cord p, carrying a weight 4".

Each of the branches A, B, and O is provided with an adjustable reference-index s, which, as shown, may consist of a rubber or similar band. This band or index 8 may be slid up and down the scales on the branches and may be located at any particular point thereon.

To use the instrument the branch A is firmly grasped at its lower end, as indicated in Fig. 2, and the branch A held in a vertical position, which is determined by the plumb line 1:) and weight 1 when the same are in the middle of the branch A. The branch A is then brought to a position where the point 0 is directly opposite the eye and the branch directly in line with a vertical line A of a house or similar object, as illustrated in Fig. 2 of the drawings. Having first drawn upon a sheet of paper a horizontal line to represent the horizon or imaginary horizontal plane passing through the eye of the operator, a vertical line at right angles thereto is next drawn to represent the vertical line A of the house or other object. The distance above 0,

or the eye at which this line A terminates,- which in Fig. 2 is represented by A is nowv measured on the branch A and marked by means of a band 8, and similarly the distance of the point A of the line A below 0 is also marked on the branch A by another band 8. These distances are then transferred to the vertical line on the paper. Again, the inclination of the 'line B to the right of the line A is found by moving the branch B about its joint m until the same is parallel with the line B, and the end of this line B is also accurately measured on the branch 13 and a band 5' located at the required subdivision on the said branch. The branch G is similarly used to indicate the inclination and length of lines to the left of the vertical line A. In this manner all the principal points and lines of the natural perspective may be easily and quickly transferred to paper and an exact copy of reduced or increased scale can be readily made. If desired, the branch B may be used to reproduce all lines and points above the horizon and the branch C all the lines and points below the horizon.

Having thus described the nature and objects of my invention, what I claim'a's new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a drawing instrument of the character described, a slotted branch or rule provided with a graduated index above and below a point indicating the height of the eye, a plumb and line suspended from said branch and adapted to maintain the same in vertical position, and slotted and indexed branches pivotally secured to said vertically-arranged branch and adapted to be respectively moved to required angles atrequired heights above and below the height of the eye and projecting on either side of said vertical branch, substantially as and for the purposes described.

2. In a drawing instrument of the character described, a slotted branch provided with a graduated index above and below a central point indicating the height of the eye, a plumbline suspended from said branch adapted to maintain the same in vertical position, two slotted and indexed branches pivotally connected to theslot of the vertical branch and adapted when moved therein to indicate respectively the distances above and below the eye and when moved about said pivot to indicate the angles to the right and left of the vertical branch, each of said branches and vertical branch being provided with an adjustable reference-index, substantially as and for the purposes described.

In testimony whereof I affix'my signature in presence of two witnesses.

LUDOVIC PIOAR-D. \Vitnesses G. DE MESTRAL, CLYDE SHROPSHIRE.

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