US5412441A - Keratometer device having photographically produced bore pattern - Google Patents
Keratometer device having photographically produced bore pattern Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5412441A US5412441A US08/206,948 US20694894A US5412441A US 5412441 A US5412441 A US 5412441A US 20694894 A US20694894 A US 20694894A US 5412441 A US5412441 A US 5412441A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- bore
- slide
- film
- keratometer
- cone
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
- A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
- A61B3/107—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for determining the shape or measuring the curvature of the cornea
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to Placido disk keratometers and, more particularly, to an improved keratometer of the conical type such as disclosed in Gersten et al U.S. Pat. No. 5,018,850.
- Placido disk device which causes a predetermined pattern of illuminated rings to be reflected upon the cornea. While the conventional Placido disk fairly easily produces rings in the apical region of the cornea, to provide rings in the limbal region of the cornea it has until recently been necessary to employ a rather large diameter Placido disk.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,772,115 disclosed a compact Placido disk device which provides a greater number of limbal rings without incurring the penalty of a large and bulky apparatus. Briefly, the device of that patent employed a conical structure made of light pervious plastic having an eye-port at one end of a substantially cylindrical central bore.
- the base of the cone was illuminated and a series of light-transmitting and opaque bands were arrayed along the central bore.
- the series of light transmitting and opaque bands were produced by first coating the central bore with a uniform opaque coating and then making a series of ring-shaped cuts through the coating to reveal the underlying light transmitting plastic material of the cone.
- the bore was illuminated by a lightbox attached to the base of the conical structure. While that device permitted the large and bulky Placido disk to be replaced by a more compact device that reflected an acceptable number of illuminated rings upon both the apical and limbal regions of the cornea, certain difficulties were encountered in its fabrication.
- a further improvement in the conical format keratometer was disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.
- the pattern to be reflected from the cornea is provided by a film slide upon which is recorded the parent image of the image to be reflected, the film slide being retained within the bore of the keratometer and illuminated through the transparent base of the keratometer.
- the film slide may bear the photographic image of any precisely drawn pattern. For example, a series of spaced-apart, ruled, opaque and white stripes may be drawn and then photographed. The photographic film is then developed and a positive photographic slide bearing the image of the ruled stripes made on polyester-backed material is made.
- the film slide is cropped so that its width equals the perimeter of the keratometer cone bore.
- the slide is then coiled or spindeled and inserted into the cone bore.
- the cone may be heated slightly before the film slide is inserted so that the cone will shrink about the film slide making retention thereof more secure.
- Two opposite edges of the slide are advantageously chamfered at equal but opposite angles so that, when the spindeled slide is released, the chamfered edges will meet along a line of contact rather than butting squarely together.
- the film slide is rolled so that the emulsion side is toward the periphery of the cone bore and the chamfering allows that side to lie smoothly against the cone bore without any gaps or "bubbles".
- Having the emulsion side in contact with the keratometer cone bore not only protects the photographic image from scratches, etc., but also assures that the image reflected upon a standard target will not be distorted when the cone is illuminated. Accordingly, a known image can be mass produced and reliably reflected upon the target.
- a spherical target such as a polished steel ball which simulates the cornea of a human eye positioned at the a apex eye-port of the keratometer.
- FIG. 1 is a three-quarters frontal view of the keratometer cone with the pattern-bearing photographic slide retained within its bore;
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view through the keratometer cone
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing details of the front portion of the keratometer cone
- FIG. 4 is a plan view of the photographic slide before it is spindeled
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged edge view of the photographic slide showing its chamfered edges
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged, end-view of the keratometer bore with the chamfered film slide correctly installed.
- FIG. 7 is an enlarged, end-view of the keratometer bore showing the effect of installing an unchamfered film slide.
- FIG. 1 a three-quarter frontal view of the keratometer cone 10 is shown, rotated so that its underside is uppermost.
- the cone is advantageously made of transparent, clear acrylic plastic and has a substantially cylindrical central bore 12.
- the outer surface of cone 10 tapers from its base 14 toward the eye-port 15 at its apex.
- a pair of tunnels 13 shown more clearly in the sectional view, FIG.
- cone 10 are advantageously provided through the walls of the cone to accommodate a pair of laser beams (not shown) which intersect at eye-port 15 for accurately determining the precise position of the patient's cornea.
- the upper edge 16 and the lower edge 17 (see FIG. 3) of cone 10 are chamfered adjacent to eye-port 15 to accommodate the eyebrow and cheekbone of the patient's eye.
- the base 14 of the cone is provided with a locating notch 18 and the base is illuminated by a light source (not shown).
- the outer surface of cone 10 is provided with a coating 11 to redirect the light from base 14 toward the central bore 12.
- FIG. 2 the film slide 40 of FIG. 4 has been spindeled, inserted into the central bore 12 of cone 10, and allowed to unwind so that its emulsion side 53 (see FIG. 5) closely conforms to the geometry of bore 12.
- cone 10 Prior to inserting the spindeled film slide 40 into bore 12, cone 10 is advantageously gently heated to expand the diameter of bore 12 beyond its room temperature dimension so that upon cooling bore 12 will shrink about the periphery of the rolled film slide and securely retain it. Heating the acrylic plastic of cone 10 to approximately 130° F. is found to be sufficient to expand bore 12 so that when cone 10 cools the film slide 40 will securely be retained in place.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged detail view of the eye-port 15 end of cone 10 showing the chamfer 17 which accommodates the cheekbone of the patient thereby allowing the patient's cornea to be more comfortably positioned.
- the first through fourth opaque stripes of film strip 40 are shown at 40-1 through 40-4.
- FIG. 4 a plan view of film slide 40 is shown bearing a plurality of spaced-apart opaque stripes 40-1 through 40-20 which are the photographic image of a previously drawn pattern (not shown).
- the drawn pattern is of ruled opaque, parallel lines and the photographic image is rolled into a cylinder, the image that will be reflected from a perfectly spherical specular surface, such as a steel ball, will be a series of concentric rings or bands.
- the spacing of the ruled lines is advantageously chosen so that when the photographic image of the ruled lines is reflected from a perfectly spherical specular target surface the concentric rings will be evenly spaced.
- the bands 40-1 through 4-20 on photographic film strip 40 will, in general, not be equally spaced.
- Holes 41, FIG. 4, are advantageously punched through film slide 40 so as to be in registration with the exit points of the transverse tunnels 13 when slide 40 is positioned within bore 12 of the keratometer cone.
- the opposite edges 51, 52 of film 40 are shaved to have a taper t of approximately 5 degrees.
- opposite edges 51, 52 will come together along a line of contact, as shown in FIG. 6.
- edges 51, 52 been allowed to remain square, as shown in FIG. 7, the edges would butt together squarely but, unfortunately, the outer periphery of the film strip would then pull away from the surface of the cone bore 12.
- Chamfering each of edges 51, 52 by equal but opposite angles t allows the emulsion surface of slide 40 to lie smoothly against the surface of bore 12.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
______________________________________ Material: DuPont "Cronar" brand Rapid Contact Film ______________________________________ Width --W 100. mm. Depth -d 55. mm. Last opaque strip width 6.2 mm First opaque strip width 0.5 mm. Number of opaque strips 20. Slide thickness 0.080 mm Edge taper .sub.-t 5.0 degrees ______________________________________
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/206,948 US5412441A (en) | 1994-03-07 | 1994-03-07 | Keratometer device having photographically produced bore pattern |
JP7523440A JP2741429B2 (en) | 1994-03-07 | 1995-01-23 | A keratometer with a hole pattern in photography |
PCT/US1995/000884 WO1995024151A1 (en) | 1994-03-07 | 1995-01-23 | Keratometer having photographically produced bore pattern |
CA002173344A CA2173344C (en) | 1994-03-07 | 1995-01-23 | Keratometer having photographically produced bore pattern |
EP95908106A EP0750468B1 (en) | 1994-03-07 | 1995-01-23 | Keratometer having photographically produced bore pattern |
DE69529281T DE69529281T2 (en) | 1994-03-07 | 1995-01-23 | KERATOMETER WITH PHOTOGRAPHICALLY PRODUCED PATTERN ON AN INTERNAL CYLINDER |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/206,948 US5412441A (en) | 1994-03-07 | 1994-03-07 | Keratometer device having photographically produced bore pattern |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US5412441A true US5412441A (en) | 1995-05-02 |
Family
ID=22768628
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US08/206,948 Expired - Fee Related US5412441A (en) | 1994-03-07 | 1994-03-07 | Keratometer device having photographically produced bore pattern |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5412441A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0750468B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2741429B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2173344C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69529281T2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1995024151A1 (en) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5864383A (en) * | 1997-04-24 | 1999-01-26 | Orbtek, Inc. | Single-curvature placido plate |
WO1999021472A1 (en) | 1997-10-24 | 1999-05-06 | Tomey Co., Ltd. | Device for performing ophthalmic procedures |
WO1999021473A1 (en) | 1997-10-24 | 1999-05-06 | Tomey Co., Ltd. | Pattern illumination device |
US6079831A (en) * | 1997-04-24 | 2000-06-27 | Orbtek, Inc. | Device and method for mapping the topography of an eye using elevation measurements in combination with slope measurements |
US6286929B1 (en) * | 1998-12-29 | 2001-09-11 | Eastman Kodak Company | Self-cleaning ink jet printer with oscillating septum and ultrasonics and method of assembling the printer |
US6692126B1 (en) | 2001-10-17 | 2004-02-17 | Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc. | Method and apparatus for measuring a corneal profile of an eye |
US20100265461A1 (en) * | 2008-12-17 | 2010-10-21 | Glaukos Corporation | Gonioscope for improved viewing |
USD833008S1 (en) | 2017-02-27 | 2018-11-06 | Glaukos Corporation | Gonioscope |
US10499809B2 (en) | 2015-03-20 | 2019-12-10 | Glaukos Corporation | Gonioscopic devices |
US10674906B2 (en) | 2017-02-24 | 2020-06-09 | Glaukos Corporation | Gonioscopes |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3181351A (en) * | 1962-11-06 | 1965-05-04 | Honeywell Inc | Non-contacting tonometer |
US3639043A (en) * | 1970-09-24 | 1972-02-01 | Plastic Contact Lens Co | An adjustable housing for apparatus for determining cornea contour |
US4426141A (en) * | 1981-04-23 | 1984-01-17 | Holcomb Harry F | Bright ring keratoscope |
US4772115A (en) * | 1986-09-02 | 1988-09-20 | Computed Anatomy Incorporated | Illuminated ring keratometer device |
US4863260A (en) * | 1987-11-04 | 1989-09-05 | Computed Anatomy Inc. | System for topographical modeling of anatomical surfaces |
US5018850A (en) * | 1990-03-13 | 1991-05-28 | Computed Anatomy Incorporated | Illuminated ring device |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5009498A (en) * | 1990-03-20 | 1991-04-23 | Computed Anatomy Inc. | Interchangeable keratoscope device |
-
1994
- 1994-03-07 US US08/206,948 patent/US5412441A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-01-23 JP JP7523440A patent/JP2741429B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-01-23 WO PCT/US1995/000884 patent/WO1995024151A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-01-23 EP EP95908106A patent/EP0750468B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-23 DE DE69529281T patent/DE69529281T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-01-23 CA CA002173344A patent/CA2173344C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3181351A (en) * | 1962-11-06 | 1965-05-04 | Honeywell Inc | Non-contacting tonometer |
US3639043A (en) * | 1970-09-24 | 1972-02-01 | Plastic Contact Lens Co | An adjustable housing for apparatus for determining cornea contour |
US4426141A (en) * | 1981-04-23 | 1984-01-17 | Holcomb Harry F | Bright ring keratoscope |
US4772115A (en) * | 1986-09-02 | 1988-09-20 | Computed Anatomy Incorporated | Illuminated ring keratometer device |
US4863260A (en) * | 1987-11-04 | 1989-09-05 | Computed Anatomy Inc. | System for topographical modeling of anatomical surfaces |
US5018850A (en) * | 1990-03-13 | 1991-05-28 | Computed Anatomy Incorporated | Illuminated ring device |
Cited By (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5864383A (en) * | 1997-04-24 | 1999-01-26 | Orbtek, Inc. | Single-curvature placido plate |
US6079831A (en) * | 1997-04-24 | 2000-06-27 | Orbtek, Inc. | Device and method for mapping the topography of an eye using elevation measurements in combination with slope measurements |
US6120150A (en) * | 1997-04-24 | 2000-09-19 | Orbtek, Inc. | Device and method for mapping the topography of an eye using elevation measurements in combination with slope measurements |
US6257723B1 (en) | 1997-04-24 | 2001-07-10 | Bausch & Lomb Surgical, Inc. | Device and method for mapping the topography of an eye using elevation measurements in combination with slope measurements |
WO1999021472A1 (en) | 1997-10-24 | 1999-05-06 | Tomey Co., Ltd. | Device for performing ophthalmic procedures |
WO1999021473A1 (en) | 1997-10-24 | 1999-05-06 | Tomey Co., Ltd. | Pattern illumination device |
US5909271A (en) * | 1997-10-24 | 1999-06-01 | Computed Anatomy, Incorporated | Device for performing ophthalmic procedures with improved alignment |
US5988815A (en) * | 1997-10-24 | 1999-11-23 | Tomey Co., Ltd. | Pattern illumination device |
US6286929B1 (en) * | 1998-12-29 | 2001-09-11 | Eastman Kodak Company | Self-cleaning ink jet printer with oscillating septum and ultrasonics and method of assembling the printer |
US6692126B1 (en) | 2001-10-17 | 2004-02-17 | Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc. | Method and apparatus for measuring a corneal profile of an eye |
US20100265461A1 (en) * | 2008-12-17 | 2010-10-21 | Glaukos Corporation | Gonioscope for improved viewing |
US8070290B2 (en) | 2008-12-17 | 2011-12-06 | Glaukos Corporation | Gonioscope for improved viewing |
US10499809B2 (en) | 2015-03-20 | 2019-12-10 | Glaukos Corporation | Gonioscopic devices |
US11019996B2 (en) | 2015-03-20 | 2021-06-01 | Glaukos Corporation | Gonioscopic devices |
US11019997B2 (en) | 2015-03-20 | 2021-06-01 | Glaukos Corporation | Gonioscopic devices |
US11826104B2 (en) | 2015-03-20 | 2023-11-28 | Glaukos Corporation | Gonioscopic devices |
US10674906B2 (en) | 2017-02-24 | 2020-06-09 | Glaukos Corporation | Gonioscopes |
US11744458B2 (en) | 2017-02-24 | 2023-09-05 | Glaukos Corporation | Gonioscopes |
USD833008S1 (en) | 2017-02-27 | 2018-11-06 | Glaukos Corporation | Gonioscope |
USD886997S1 (en) | 2017-02-27 | 2020-06-09 | Glaukos Corporation | Gonioscope |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0750468A1 (en) | 1997-01-02 |
EP0750468A4 (en) | 1998-11-04 |
EP0750468B1 (en) | 2003-01-02 |
DE69529281D1 (en) | 2003-02-06 |
CA2173344C (en) | 1999-07-13 |
DE69529281T2 (en) | 2003-11-13 |
JP2741429B2 (en) | 1998-04-15 |
CA2173344A1 (en) | 1995-09-14 |
JPH09500567A (en) | 1997-01-21 |
WO1995024151A1 (en) | 1995-09-14 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: COMPUTED ANATOMY INCORPORATED, NEW YORK Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:TIBBLING, LARS;MAUS, ROY;REEL/FRAME:006972/0267 Effective date: 19940228 |
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FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY |
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FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: PAYER NUMBER DE-ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: RMPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: TOMEY CO., LTD., JAPAN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:COMPUTED ANATOMY, INCORPORATED;REEL/FRAME:009534/0964 Effective date: 19980929 |
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FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 4 |
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FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 8 |
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REMI | Maintenance fee reminder mailed | ||
LAPS | Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees | ||
STCH | Information on status: patent discontinuation |
Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362 |
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FP | Lapsed due to failure to pay maintenance fee |
Effective date: 20070502 |