US534543A

US534543A - berliner

Info

Publication number: US534543A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1895-02-19
Anticipated expiration: 1912-02-19

Description

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 1.

E. BERLI-NBR. GRAMOPHONE.

Wiliwaes;

W Q/J 2 771176 ,Bei'Zz'nen GRAMOPHONE.

No. 534,543. Patented Feb. 19, 1895.

- I jv zuezzzvz; Em Z'Za BerZz'rzer;

.E. BERLINER.

4 Sheets-Shees 3.

(No Model.)

GRAMOPHONB.

No. 534,543, Patented Feb. 19, 1895.

Lwezztor; Emz/efiwiznez;

Wiliwsses;

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

E. BERLINER. GRAMOPHONB.

No. 534,543. I Patented Peb. 19, 1895.

lzzvelzliir; Em z 26 Beriz'nen 1 UNITED= STATES PATENT ()FFICE.

EMILE BERLINER, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, .ASSIGNOR TO THE UNITED STATES GRAMOPHONE COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

GQRAMOPHONE.

SPECIFICATION forming part Letters Patent No. 534,543, dated February 19, 1895.

Application filed March 30. 1892. Serial No. 427,060- (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EMILE BERLINER, acitizen of the United States, and a resident of Washington, District of Columbia, have invented certain new and'useful Improvements in Gramophones, of which-the following is a specification.

My invention has reference to improvements in the method of and apparatus for recording and reproducing sounds, the improvements being more particularly directed to the construction of that kind of sound recording and reproducing apparatus which I have called gramo hone, and for which Letters Patent of the nited States No. 382,790, dated May 15', 1888, have been granted to me.

One feature of my invention has reference to improvements in the method of recording. sound by tracing upon a fatty film deposited upon a metallic surface, undulatory lines, corresponding to sound waves, and then etching such lines in the metal base, or as it is now commonly called, the record tablet; while the other features of my invention'have reference to the construction of the details of both the recorder and the reproducer of the gramophone. Each of these features of improvement are designed to overcome certain difficulties,'.and to avoid certain imperfections heretofore met with in the operation of the gramophone. These diificulties and imperfections, and the manner in which they are avoided, will be particularly pointed out in the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which-- v Figure 1, is a perspective view of my improved gramophone recorder. Fig. 2 is a side elevatiompartly in section, of the recorder. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a gramophone reproducer. Fig. 4:, is an elevation of a recording diaphragm and stylus. Fig. 5, is a section of the same onthe line oc-9c of Fig. 4:. Fig. 6, is an elevation of the gramophone reproducing diaphragm and stylus. Fig. 7, is a section of the same on line y-y of Fig. 6,and Fig. 8, is a perspective view of an improved mouthpiece for the recorder.

Like numerals of reference indicate like parts throughout the drawings.

My improved grarnopho ne recorder-is shown as a whole in Figs. 1 and 2, mounted upon a suitable base 1; About midway of the length of this base there is an upright shaft 2, journaled in brackets 2', 2', stepped at its lower end in a suitable bearing 3'. This shaft carries at its upper end a circular disk 4:, the outer or peripheral portion of which isreduced in thickness as shown at- 5, and this re- 6, supported by stays or brackets 7, from which it may be lifted and removed, when required. The outer edge or Wall 8, ofthe pan isof sufficientheight to project for adistance above the disk 4, and is provided with pouring lips 9, fora purpose hereinafter described. The bottom 10 of the pan extends under the reduced portion 5, of the disk 4:, and its inner edge 11, is upturned close to the under side of the reduced portion of the disk, as shown.

4, is a friction wheel 12, secured to a horizontal shaft 13, which latter is journaled in the upper ends of posts or uprights let constituting the ends of a frame, the base 1 5,of which is secured to the base 1 of the apparatus. The position of shaft 13, and the diameter of the friction wheel 12, are such, that a portion of the weight of the disk 4, and of its shaft 2, is supported by the friction Wheel; whereby the bearing 3, is relieved fromapeiaion of that weight, and whereby frictional gearing between the disk 4 and wheel 12 is insured, without requiring special adjustment. The shaft 13,=carries at its outerend a crank 16, by means of whichit is rotated, and between the two uprights 1e, there is secured to the shaft a heavy fly or balance wheel 17. Secured to the upright shaft 2, below the disk 4, there is a beveledpinion 18, meshingwith a large bevel gear 19, on one end of a horizontal screw-threaded shaft 20, which is arranged radial to the disk 4, and journaled in turn is fast on the base 1. Mounted upon the direction of the length of the shaft, 20, there is a carriage 23, supported at one end by a guide rod 24, on which it is free to slide,

duced portion extends over a ring shaped pan.

Bearing against the under side of thedisk' the frame 22, so. as to be movable thereon inand at the other endby a roller 25, movable adjacent to the said gear 19, and also at the other end, in pillow-blocks 21, supported on v the end piece of arectangularframe 22, which along the upper surface 26, of one of the side pieces of the frame 22. The carriage 23, has firmly secured to it a projecting arm 27, on the outer end of which is an upright post 28,

carrying at its upper end an arm 29, parallel with the arm 27, and of such length as to overhang the disk 4, when the carriage is moved to the right, as represented in the drawings; the construction being such,that when the carriage 23 is moved in the manner to be described, the arm 29, will be carried radially over the disk 4, and any object carried thereby will participate in said movement.

The carriage 23, is moved in one direction by means of the screw-threaded shaft 20, and

in order-to effect this operation, there is provided a block 30, in one side of which, near one end, is formed a half nut 3l,constructed to engage the threads on the shaft 20; and this block 30, is pivotally supported between ears 32, erected on the carriage 23. Projecting from the other end of the block 30, there site the free end of the block 30, and havingon its free end a tooth 36, which passes over the top of the hinged block 30, when theinut formed in the same is in engagement with the screw threads on the shaft 20, the tendency of the leaf spring 35, being to move inwardly toward the block 30. This catch spring 35,

' is also provided with a pin 37, which serves as a handle for withdrawing the catch so as to unlock the block 30, and thereby allow the carriage 23 with its appurtenances to be freely moved to any position upon the frame To the free overhanging arm 29, is secured a ring sleeve 38 which receives the neck 39, projecting on one side from the frame 40, in which latter the recording diaphragm and stylus are mounted, and this neck 39, with its appurtenances is fixed in any desired position in-the ring frame 38, by a clamp screw 41. The free end of the neck 39, projects beyond the ring frame 38, and receives the sound couveying tube 42,- which is preferably made flexible, and which has at its free end a mouth-piece 43, the particular construction of which will hereinafter be more fully described.

The disk 4, which is in the nature of a rotary table, has hereinbefore been described and is shown in the drawings as reduced in thickness on that portion of'the periphery which overlaps the inner wall of the pan 6, and if this construction is used, the disk 4, must be removable from the shaft 2. It is, however, also practicable to make the disk or revolving table, in two parts, the lower part of which extending only to within a short disseams Letters Patent, is placed upon the rotary table 4, and this record tablet is represented in the drawings as a circular disk 44, which has a central perforation passing over the upper end of the shaft 2. Sometimes it is convenient to interpose between the record tablet and the rotary supporting table a thin disk 45, of felt, or of some other non-resonant material. This,however,isnotessential. Upon the record tablet is placed'a clamping plate 46,'which by preference is provided with a hub47, which is slipped over the upper end of the shaft 2. This upper end of the shaft 2, is screw-threaded as shown, and a thumbnut 48, is'then screwed down upon the hub of the clamping plate, whereby the record tablet is securely fastened in position.

At one end of -the base plate 1, there is mounted a standard 49, which may bea split tube as shown,- and'inwhieh is supported by friction a stem 50, projecting from the bottom of a shelf 51, and which. in turn supports a vessel 52, containing alcohol. From the bottom of this vessel extends a tube 53, prefer ably provided at its free end with a flexible nozzle 54; and a stop-cock 55, with which the tube is provided permits the operator to regulate the flow of alcohol from the nozzle. With my present improvement it is necessary that during the whole process of tracing-the record,-the record tablet be covered with a film of alcohol, and for this purpose a thin stream of alcohol is directed upon the center of. the

tablet, or rather upon the clamping plate .46, from which the alcohol spreads in all directions by centrifugal force, and flows over into the pan 6. When the tracing of the record has been completed, the clamping plate is removed and the record tablet also is lifted from its support by the insertion between the same of a sharp edge, such as a knife blade, or even by the finger nails of the operator,'and is removed for further manipulation asdescribed in my aforesaid Letters Patent, and also for the manipulation which will be described hereinafter.

Only a very small quantity of alcohol is used for producing a singlerecord, but after continued use of the machine a considerable amount of alcohol accumulates in the pan, and this is removed by removing the table 4, or the upper, thinner part thereof, as the case may be, by inserting a finger in each of the pouring lips 9, and thus lifting the-disk or table 4, from the shaft 2. The pan is then removed from the bracket 7, and the alcohol the lever 61.

is poured out and preferably back into the vessel 52, by one of the pouring lips.

The recording diaphragm 56, is mounted in the circular frame 40, between a ledge formed on said frame and an annulus 57, screwed down upon the same by screws 58, as shown, or in any other suitable manner. On the rear side of that diaphragm there is applied a small block 59, of hard rubber from which extends radiallyan arm 60, which at its free end is turned up at right angles, outwardly and into contact with the lever 61, which carries the recording stylus 62.

The block 59, is fastened to the center of the diaphragm by a screw 63, passing through the diaphragm and through a washer 64, applied to the front side of the diaphragm. The head of this screw is faced with a disk 65, of soft rubber, and against the same bears the point of an adjusting screw 66, which is mounted in a perforated disk'or spider 67, fixed in the neck 39.

The lever 61 is mounted on a plate 67, formed with a slot 68, through which a set screw 69, fixed in the annulus 57, passes. The

plate 67 can thus be adjusted to various positions on the annulus, and is clamped in the adjusted position by a thumb-nut 70. One end of the plate.67"is bifurcated,-and screws 71, 71, passing through the legs of the fork, are'formed at theirend-s with bearings for the pivot points of the arbor 72, which is fixed to This lever, is made as light as practicable and as is consistent with rigidity, and the" plate 67, together with the lever 61, which it carries, is so adjusted that the upturned end of the arm 60, bears upon the lever at the greatest practicable distance from the axis of the spindle 72, viz: at the free end of the lever. The connection between the lever and the upturned end of the arm is made by a small quantity of pitch, 60, which acts as anefficient cement, and which is applied after the lever has been adjusted to its proper position. This mode of connecting the lever with the arm 60, and thereby with the diaphragm, I have found to be of great advan tage for a variety of reasons, but more especially on account of the ease with which the connection is made, and unmade in caxe of repair, and on account of the damping effect it has upon the lever..

To the end of the lever 61, is secured the recording. stylus 62, by soldering or otherwise, with its plane at.right angles to the plane of the lever, as shown. The stylus is composed of a flat, and rather thin plate of 'spring steel, pointed at its free end, and pro-.

vided with a tracing point 62", of iridium. The broad portion of the stylus is damped by one or two bands 72', of soft rubber, which are simply slipped over the same.

By reference to Fig. 4, it will be seen that the lever 61, with the recording stylus 62 extend across the diaphragm upon a line which constitutes a chord but not a diameterof the circle of the diaphragm. They are, therefore,

eccentrically mounted with reference to the center of the diaphragm; but notwithstanding this eccentric location, the lever is rigidly connected with the center of the diaphragm and thus receives the maximum amplitude of its vibration. By thus placing the lever with the stylus eccentric with reference to the center of the diaphragm both the lever and the stylus may be and are made shorter than if they were located on the line of a diameter of the diaphragm. This is an important result, since the shorter the lever and stylus, the less liability there is of lost motion, and the less liability there is of extra or spontaneous vibrations of the lever and stylus, andboth of these facts conspire to produce an accurate tracing of the sound waves impinging against the diaphragm.

Where the stylus passes over the edge of casing 40, the latter, together with the annulus 57, is cut away upon a straight line, as indicated at 57'. This permits a further reduction of the length of the stylus, since the record tablet may be located close to the straight edge 57'.

The body of the stylus is normally curved downwardly, as shown in dotted lines at 62, but when the diaphragm holder orframe 40, is turned to cause the stylus to impinge upon the record tablet, which is the preparatory step for making a record, the stylus is unbent and becomes straight, as shown in solid lines in Fig. 4, and I have found that the best results are obtained when the stylus is at an angle of about forty-five degrees with the plane of the tablet. The maximum pressure of the stylus upon the record surface is therefore equal to the force required to unbend the stylus. It is very small, because the stylus is made as thin as practicable, and it is uniform for different records and for all parts of the same record.

' The mouth-piece, into which vocal sounds are uttered for recording, is shownat 43, in Figs. 1 and 8, and it consists of a bell shaped structure, the small end of which is secured to the sound conveying tube, while the wide, fiaring end is turned'toward the speaker who applies his mouth to the opening. edge of the mouth opening there is a perforation 43', cut into the wallof the mouth-piece, and this perforation is of such shapeand size, and at such distance from the edge of the mouth-piece, as to fit approximately the edge ofthe nose of the speaker; so that when the mouth-piece is applied,the sounds uttered by the mouth enter the wide, flaring opening, while the sounds uttered by the nose enter the perforation 43.

In making a record of vocal sounds, it is necessary that all sou ud waves composing the words or the song be conveyed to the diaphragm, and it has, therefore, been proposed to make mouth-pieces of such size and shape as to admit within the opening botht-he mouth and the nose of the speaker or singer, and to fit against the face of the user around the ICO Near the mouth and nose. Mouth pieces of this character arenecessarily large and clumsy, and do not readily and comfortably fit different persons, while with my construction the size of the mouth-piece is reduced, and will comfortably fit different speakers.

By means of the apparatus so far described, a record of sound waves is made in the following manner: The spring catch 35, 36, is drawn back, which permits the spring 34, to lift the block 30,, from the screw 20, so that the carriage 23', may be freely moved to the left, whereby the stylus 62,'is carried beyond the edge of the rotary table 4. A record tablet prepared in the manner described in my aforesaid Letters Patent is then placed upon the table 4, and clamped to the same, as hereinbefore described, and the carriage 23, ,is moved toward the right until the point of the recording stylus is above the tablet but within the edge ofth's same. The casing 40, is then turned in its bearing 38, until the point of the stylus impinges upon the tablet and is unbent, as shown in Fig. 4. In this position the casing 40, is clamped by means ofthe screw 41. The stop-cock 55, is then opened and a thin stream of alcohol is directed upon the clamping disk 46. The wheel 17, is now rotated by means of the crank and handle 16, whereby, by means of the gearing described, the record tablet is rotated, while the stylus is carried across the face of the tablet in a radial line, removing from the tablet a fine spiral line of the fatty etching ground with which it had been covered. Sound waves are now directed against the diaphragm in any desired manpar, and if vocal sounds are to be recorded,

' the sound conveying tube42, with the mouth piece 43, will be used. The vibrations of the diaphragm thus produced will cause the stylus to make a tracing of an ,undulatory line, cor-' ,responding to the sound waves directedagainst the diaphragm all as described in my aforesaid Letters Patent. During this whole time a thin stream of alcohol is delivered upon the plate 46, and the alcohol spreading out in all directions is maintained as a uniform and constantly renewed film upon the tablet. In this mannerevery part of the record is made under alcohol, and in this respect my present invention difiers from the process set forth in my aforesaid Letters Patent.

In accordance with the said patent, alcohol is poured once for all over the tablet, and is allowed to evaporate during the process of recording. I have found that in this manner it often happens that the alcohol has entirely evaporated before the record is com pleted,so

that a portion of the latter is made upon'adry tablet; whereby the accumulation of filamentary particles of dust on the point of the stylus,which the alcohol is designed to avoid, takes place during the production of a portion of the record. With my present improvement this defect is cured, since it maintains the record tablet moist with alcohol from the beginning to the end of the operation.

After the tracing of the record has been completed, the tablet is speedily removed and before the record is fixed by etching as described in my aforesaid patent, the alcohol adhering to the record surface is quickly washed off with water. This is an important step in my improved process and greatly improves the definition of the record by etching. The reason for this is, that the alcohol slightly attacks and dissolves the fatty etching ground, so that the thin film of alcohol remaining upon the tablet, contains a-slight quantity of that ground in solution. If now, the film of alcohol is allowed to evaporate an exceedingly small quantity of the dissolved groundis deposited upon the metal which has been laid bare by the stylus. This small deposit of ground sufiiciently resists the action of the etching fiuid to impair the definition of the final record. By simply pouring water over the record surface immediately after the tablot has been removed from the recording apparatus the film of alcohol and the ground held in solution by the same is removed, and the tracings of the stylus present a clean metallic surface, which is properly attacked by the etching fiuid.

The reproducing apparatus as a whole is represented in Fig. 3.

Upon a base board 73, in standards 74, is journaled a shaft 75, upon which are mounted a driven pulley 76, a fly-wheel 77, and a friction disk 78. The latter is in frictional engagement with a rotary table 79, which is mounted upon a vertical shaft substantially in the manner described with reference to the rotary table 4, of the recording apparatus. Fig. 3, being a perspective view, the mounting of the table 7 9, is not visible,-but is easily understood from the foregoing description. The upper surface of the table is preferably covered with a sheet of felt or other elastic and non-resonant material, as indicated by appropriate shadingT Upon the felt covered table 79, the recordthe table 79, to the friction disk 78, is the same as the relation of the table 4, to the friction disk 12; that'is to say, the table rests with the greater part of its weight upon the friction disk, so that the frictional gearing is automatically maintained. A post 86, mounted upon the base-board 73, has swiveled upon its upper end a fork 87, between the prongs of which is pivoted the, swinging arm'SS,

which' extends over the table 79, and has at its free end a clasp 89, which receives the neck 90,'which projects from the center on one side of the casing 91, of the reproducing diaphragm 92. This casing with its diaphragm, stylus and appurtenances, which will presently be described, can be thus turned in the clasp, and can be fixed in any adjusted position by a clamp screw 93.

Upon the end of the neck 90, which projects beyond the clasp89, is slipped a flexible tube 94, which in turn receives the small end of a sound conveying trumpet 95, the-flaring end 96 of which is turned toward the listener. A bracket 97, secured to the swinging arm 88, carries at its free end an elastic fork 98, which receives and supports the trumpet, and the parts are so proportioned that the free end of the swinging arm preponderates, so that the point of the reproducing stylus, which will presently be described, presses rather firmly upon the record tablet.

It will now be understood, that when a record tablet, having a record of sound waves upon its surface, produced in accordance with my invention, is mounted upon the table 79,

and when the point of the stylus is adjusted in engagement with the record groove, and the wheel 80, is rotated, the rotating record groove will guide the stylus across the face of the tablet, and will at the same time vibrate the stylus and diaphragm in accordance with theundulations of the record groove. The sound waves thus produced by the diaphragm will issue from the flaring opening of the trumpet, and the sounds will be heard by a listener in front of the trumpet, or in its vicinity.

The reproducing diaphragm is mounted in the casing 91, in the usual manner, being held against a ledge by means of an annulus 99.- On this annulus is formed a swelling or block 100, and diametrically opposite to the same the stylus carrying spring 101, is fastened to the annulus, and extends across the face of the diaphragm and beyond the edge of the annulus. This spring 101, is a leaf spring which faces with its flat side the face of the diaphragm up to a point beyond the center of the latter, and is then twisted at right angles, as indicated at 102, and crosses the annulus edgewise as shown at 103. The tendency of the part 101, of the spring is to press toward the diaphragm, whereby the edge of the part 103, is made to bear with some force upon the annulus 99; and the tendency of the part 103, is to press against the swelling or block 100. The spring is therefore elastic in two" directions at right angles to each other.

In order to prevent grinding of the spring against the annulus and against the-block 100,a U-shaped piece 104,0f soft rubber embraces the outer portion 103, where it bears upon the annulus and against the block. This soft rubber cushion also serves as a dampener for the spring. At the point where the spring passes over the center of the diaphragm, it

has a perforation 105,.and a screw pin 106,

secured to the center of the diaphragm by twonuts 107, 108, extends loosely through the perforation. A thumb-nut 109, also placed on the screw-pin 108, and a soft rubber washer 110 between the thumb-nut and the spring serve to regulate the tension of the latter and of the diaphragm, as will be readily understood.

On the free end of the

spring

101, 103, there is secured a binding post 111, in which the stylus 112, is held by the set screw 113, and may be adjusted to project to the required distance beyond the end of the spring. This stylus is preferably made of hard steel. It has a slender point, but the point should not be so sharp as to cut the bottom of the record groove which it engages. I

In the operation of reproducing the sounds recorded on a tablet, the stylus is guided by the walls of the record groove, and not by the bottom of the same. Consequently it is not essential that the point of the stylus be in contact with the bottom of the groove. In fact it is preferably not in contact with the same, so that this point may be made rather dull.

The sounds emitted by the reproducing diaphragm are very powerfuland ordinarily too loud to be received with comfort by a listener in front of the trumpet or other receiving tube. For this reason I have found it sometimes necessaryto reduce the volume of the emitted sound before it reaches the ear, and this I accomplish by one or more perforated and exchangeable diaphragms 114, placed in the neck 90. These diaphragms should be made of some non-resonant material like soft rubber, or cork, as indicated by appropriate shading.

Having now fully described my invention, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. The method of recording vocal and other sounds which consists in removing from a record tablet covered with a fatty film, undulatory lines of said film by, and in accordance with the sound waves and maintaining at the same time a layer of a'fluid over the film, substantially as described.

2. The method of recording vocal and other sounds upon a rotating disk covered with a fatty film which consists in spreading over said film and continuously renewing over the same a layer of a fluid and at the same time removing from said tablet undulatory lines of the fatty film by and in accordance with the sound waves, substantially as described.

3. The improvement in the art of making a gramophone record which consistsin immersing and maintaining the tabletand the point of the recording stylus in alcohol during the process of recording, substantially as described.

4. The improvement in the art of making and fixing a gramophone record which consists in removing from a tablet covered with a fatty film undulatory lines of said film by and in accordance with sound waves while said film isv covered with a layer of alcohol; then immediately removing the alcohol withwater and then subjecting the tablet to the action of an etching'fiuid, substantially as described.

5. The method of reproducing sounds from a record of the same which consists in vibrating a stylus and propelling the same along the record by and inacco'rdance with the said record, substantially as described.

6. In a gramophone, a recording stylus pressing .by its own elasticity upon the record tablet at right angles to the plane of its vibratory movements and consisting of a leaf spring terminating in a point of harder material than that of the body of the stylus,-sub stantially as described.

7. In a gramophone, the combination of a sound receiving diaphragm and an elastic recording stylus controlled by the diaphragm and adjustable with reference to a record tablet so as to press by its own elasticity upon the same at right angles to the plane of its vibratory movements,,substantially as de-' scribed. I

8. In a gramophone a recording stylus pressing by its own elasticity upon the record tablet at right angles to its plane of vibratory movements, and consisting of a leaf spring terminating in an iridium point, sub stantially as described.

9. In a gramophone, a recording stylus composed of a leaf spring terminating in a tracing point in combination with one or more elastic non-sonorous dampers, substantially as described.

10. In a gramophone a recording stylus formed of a leaf spring terminating in a tracing point in combination with one or more sleeves of soft rubber upon the leaf spring for damping the same, substantially as described.

11. In a gramophone, the combination of a sound receiving diaphragm, a lever and a recording styluscarried by the same, both ex-" tending parallel but. ecceutrically over the diaphragm; witha connection between the center of the diaphragm and the lever, sub

stantially as described.

'12. In a gramophone, the combination of a sound receiving diaphragm a lever and a recording stylus carried by the same, both extending over the face of the diaphragm but eccentrically thereto, with a rigid connection between the center of the diaphragm and the free end of the lever, substantially as described.

13. In a gramophone, the combination of a circular sound receiving diaphragm, a lever and an elastic recording stylus both extending parallel with the diaphragm on the line of a chord, with a rigid connection between the center of the diaphragm and the free end of the lever, substantially as described.

14. In a gramophone, the combination of a sound receiving diaphragm, a lever and an elastic stylus carried by the same, both extending parallel, but eccentrically thereto; with a bracket rigidly connected with the center of the diaphragm and removably cemented to the lever, substantially as described.

15. In a gramophone, the combination of a sound receiving diaphragm mounted in a suitable frame, a bracket adjustably mounted on said frame, a lever pivoted in said frame extending parallel to and eccentrically with reference to the center of the diaphragm, and an elastic recording stylus carried by the lever; with a mechanical connection between the center of the diaphragm and the free end of the lever, substantially as described.

16. In a gramophone a sound receiving diaphragm and a tube for conveying sound waves thereto in combination with a recording stylus receiving motion from the diaphragm, and a screw mounted in the sound conveying tube bearing cent-rally upon the diaphragm for adjusting the tension ofthe latter, substantially as described.

17. In a gramophone, the combination of a horizontal rotary'table adapted to support a record tablet, anda vertical shaft free to move longitudinally, carryingthe table; with a f riction disk engaged by the under side of the table for rotating the latter, substantially as described.

18. In a gramophone the combination of a horizontal rotary table mounted upon a vertical shaft and adapted tosupporta record tablet; with a friction disk engaging the under side of the table and partly sustaining the weight of the table, whereby the latter is antomatically maintained in frictionalgear with said disk, substantially as described. 7

19. In a gramophone, the combination of a rotary horizontal table adapted to receive and support a fiat record tablet; witha reservoir of asuitable fluid, such as alcohol, discharging upon the center of the table and tablet, and an annular pan disposed underneath the table for receiving the overflow of alcohol, substantially as described.

20. In a gramophone the combination of a phragm and stylus connected by gearing with the table to move radially over and with the stylus in operative relation to the same, substantially as described.

22. In a gramophone, the combination of a horizontal rotating table adapted to receive and sustain a flat record tablet, with a carriage movable in aline parallel to a radius of the table, a recording diaphragm and stylus carried by the carriage with the stylus in operative contact with the record tablet, and

gearing connecting the table with said carriage, substantially as described.

23. In a gramophone, a sound conveying tube provided with a mouth piece having a flaring opening for the application of the mouth of the speaker and a perforation in'the side wall ofthe mouth piece separated from and spaced with reference to the mouth opening and shaped to correspond to the'shape of the nostrils of the speaker, substantially as described.

24. In a gramophone a sound reproducing diaphragm in combination with a stylus lever extending diametrically across the same, and elastic in two directions at right angles to each other, substantially as described.

25. In a gramophone, the combination of a diaphragm and a-stylus carrier composed of a leaf spring twisted at one point so as to bring the edge of oneportion at right angles to the face of the otherportion, whereby it is elastic in two directions,substantially as described.

26. In a gramophone the combination of a reproducing diaphragm. and stylus; with a stylus carrier composed of a leaf spring extending fiat-wise over the face of the diaphragm,

phragm and edgewise over the edge of the diasubstantially as described.

'27. In a gramophone the combination of a reproducing diaphragm mounted in a suitable frame the Latter being provided at one point with a boss or stop; with a double elastic stylus carrier composed of a twisted leaf-spring tending toward the diaphragm and against the boss or stop, substantially as described.

28. In a gramophone, a reproducing, diaphragm and stylus in combination with an.-

elastic stylus carrier extending over the face of the diaphragm and tending toward the same, of an adjustable connection between the diaphragm and stylus carrier andadjustable for varying the pressure between diaphragm and style carrier, substantially as described.

29. In a gramophone the combination of a reproducing diaphragm mounted in asuitable frame provided with a boss or stop; with a double elastic stylus carrier tending toward the diaphragm and toward the stop, and elastic non-resonant dampers interposed between the style carrier and the diaphragm and between the style carrier and the frame and stop, substantially as described.

30; In a gramophonea sound reproducing diaphragm and a sound conveying tube for the same, with one or more non-resonant perforated diaphragms in the said tube for reducing the volume of sound conveyed to the ear substantially as described. I

31. In a gramophone a recording stylus pivoted to move in response to the vibrations of a diaphragm and elastic in a plane at right angles to such motions, substantially as described.

32. In a gramophone, a reproducing stylus having a wedge-shaped point engaging the walls of the record groove, substantially as described.

33. In a g'ramophone reproducer, a stylus carried or formed by a spring fixed-at one end to the diaphragm holder and freely extending across and beyond the same and operatively connected with the center ofthediaphragm, substantially as described.

34. In a gramophone reproducer, a spring constituting or carrying astylus, fixed at one end to the diaphragm holder and extending across and beyond the periphery of the same and freely pressing against the diaphragm, substantially as described.

35. In a sound reproducing apparatus consisting of a traveling tablet having a sound record formed thereon and a reproducing stylus shaped for engagement with said record and free to .be vibrated and propelled by the same, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence ofv two subscribing witnesses.

EMILE BERLINER.

Witnesses:

, HENRY E. COOPER,

F. T. CHAPMAN.