US532933A - Steam-boiler - Google Patents

Description

's. T. WILLIAMS. STEAM BOILER 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

- Patented Jan. '22, 1895.

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(No Model.)

S. T. WILLIAMS; STEAM BOILER.

Pate nted Jan. 22, 1895.-

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(No Model.) 3 SheetsS heet 3.

s. T. WILLIAMS. STEAM BOILER.

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Nrrnn STATES PATENT FFICE.

A SAMUEL T. WILLIAMS, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND.-

STEAM-BOILER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 532,933, dated January 22, 1895. Application filed May 3, 1894. Serial No. 509,927. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern;

Be it known that I, SAMUEL T. WILLIAMs, a citizen of the United States, residing at the city of Baltimore, State of Maryland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam-Boilers, which improvements are described in the following specification and illustrated by the accompanying drawings.

My invention relates to that class of boilers commonly known aspipe or coil boilers.

It is the object of the invention, to provide a system of heaters and purifiers, in combination with the boiler proper, and also a system of self cleansing Within the boiler itself, so as to remove all impurities mechanically and prevent scale, a system of steaming tubes for the rapid and economical production of steam as hereinafter described, and in connection with this, a system of superheaters and steam drums for the purpose of producing dry steam.

The best mode I have designed for applying the principle of my invention, is shown in the accompanying drawings, of which- Figure l, is a side view showing course of circulation, mud settling drum, and side view of steam drum; Fig.2, front or end view, showing fire space, steaming tubes, and end view of steam releasing drum, and superheater drums. Fig. 3, is a top View of the boiler, showing all coils in dotted lines. Figs. 4 and 5, show one of the feed water heaters.

In describing the boiler, it is well to begin with the entering feed Water.

The two heaters, set one on each side of the boiler, as marked heater, forming side walls to the furnace. The feed water from any suitable supply, enters the heater Fig. 5, at

A, into the lower chamber. The water passes up through the pipes and is heated; passes down into the opposite chamber, and on into the boiler at the point marked'B, in Figs. 1, 2 and 3. As the current through these heaters is very slow, the water is heated up to near the temperature of the water in the boiler, and at the same time, foreign matter is liberated. As the temperature becomes very high; salt, lime, magnesia, &c., whichever may be in the water, is liberated, and has time to settle to the bottom. At proper intervals, the blow pipes O. 0., are opened, and the sediment blown ofi or out. The water then passes into the boiler in a reasonably pure state.

The construction of the heater is clearly shown in Figs. 4 and 5. The base or header a, is a hollow steel casting, with a solid partition, b in its center, forming two separate compartments. A

series of pipes and elbows c, are screwed together, and into the two chambers of the base, forming the connection between the compartments; the said pipes acting as the heating surface of the heaters.

The heaters setting one on each side of the boiler, actas side Walls to the furnace supporting the fuel.

The construction of the boiler is as follows: D. Figs. 1, 2 and 3, is the mud drum, placed at the lowest position of the boiler, and having extended across its whole length, a diaphragm E. Attached to each end of the mud drum at its highest point,and extending toward the front end of the boiler, are two side pipes F., and into the top of these, and into the top of the mud drum, forward of the diaphragm, are screwed by right and left hand threads, a series of coils or steaming tubes, G and H. These extend upward as shown, and terminate in the steam releasing drum I. The steam releasing drum I, is a large drum placed over the steaming tubes, and having two side pipes J, extending out; one from each side at the forward end. Within the drum, and extending its full length, and secured in a head at the center of the drum, are two pipes K, with holes drilled in their top side. These are for dry pipes, for the steam. The back head of the steam drum, has a large opening, with connections to two downward return pipes, L and L, making connection to the mud drum back of the diaphragm. M. M., Figs. 1 and 2, is line of grate'surface. N. N., is line of water level. O,Fig. 1, is a metal plate with asbestos cover, to deflect the heat from the downward return pipes. Heat being applied the water-in the steaming pipes rises, and discharges into the steam releasing drum. Steam being released, the water passesout and down by the return pipes, to the mud drum. Thearea of the return pipes is a little less than the area of the steaming tubes. Consequently the circulation through steam drum, and return pipes and steaming tubes is active. In the mud drum, the reverse is .the case. The water passes around the full length of the mud drum. The circulation is therefore very slow. 1n the boiler, the circulation being active, and the heat in direct contact with the surfaces, the water is in a state of ebullition, and sediment cannot settle. In the mud drum, the current being slow, and all the water passing around the diaphragm, and away from the fire, timeis allowed for it to settle, the sediment accumulating in the bottom of the drum, is blown off at the point P.

It will be noticed that that portion of the steaming tubes up to G, are smaller than their continuation H. This serves two purposes; first, as the smaller portion of the coil is subject to the radiant heat of the furnace; the heat being more intense here, heats the water quickly, and puts it in circulation upward, passing then to the larger part H of the coil, more surface being here exposed and the heat being lower, the water can absorb all the remainin g heat that can be utilized. The other object is that as the water is heated in the smaller portion of the tube, it attains an initial velocity. At the same time, the heat taken up, causes the water to expand, and also converts some of it into steam. This requires more room which the enlarged diameter gives; at the same time maintaining the initial velocity. Thus we have the highest efficiency, with the least material.

It is obvious that a pipe with a gradual taper, increasing from bottom to top, would accomplish the same results, but the construction given, is the best form for making the coils.

Steam being formed, passes into the perforated dry pipe K, and out through the central connection to the series of pipes, R. R, over the top of boiler. These pipes form the superheaters, evaporating any entrained water, and superheating the steam.

On each side of the boiler, and continuations of the superheater pipes, are two enlarged portions, S. S, of the pipe. These are the steam drums proper. A connection from the front end of these drums then passes to a T T, and from there steam is taken to its various uses.

It will be noticed that the superheater pipes enter and leave these drums at points near the top line. The reason for this is that if by any possibility, water should be carried overinto the superheaterpipes, and not evaporated there, it will fall in these drums, the current through the drum being slow, the water will fall, and they would have to be filled up to the line of pipe connections, before any water would go over to the engine.

A small pipe XV, Fig. 1, extends from the bottom of these drums to the mud drum, returning all water to the circulation.

Another object attained by the use of these drums is this: Their volume being proportioned to the largest cylinder the boiler is suitable for, they form reservoirs for sudden and unequal drafts of steam, without calling on the boiler proper, to supply it suddenly from the surface of the water, and also avoids the friction of drawing a large volume of steam suddenly through along train of pipes, besides maintaining absolutely dry steam at full pressure at all times.

The boiler is set up in a proper casing, made of sheet iron, lined with asbestos, or set in brick work. Proper connections are made for steam gage, water gage, &c.

Having described my invention; I desire to secure by Letters Patent the following claims:

1. The combination in a pipe boiler of the return pipes L. L, (the combined area of which is a little less than the combined area of the steaming tubes) alarge horizontal mud drum D, extending across the base line of the boiler, with a longitudinal diaphragm E, placed inthe upper part of it, separating the points of entry of the circulating water, from the points of exit, the side pipes F, the steaming tubes G. H, the steam releasing drum 1, with its two side arms J. J and point of discharge from the back end into the return pipes L, L all for the purpose described.

2. The combination in a pipe boiler of the return pipes L. L havinga partition 0, placed in front of them to deflect the heat; with the mud drum D, and side pipes F. F placed be low the grate, and away from the direct i11- fiuence of the fire, for the purpose specified.

3. The combination in a pipe boiler, of two vessels or headers a, placed one on each side of the boiler, close up to the steaming tubes, and acting as side walls to the furnace, said vessels being hollow, and having compartments separated by a partition at b, communication being established between the compartments by the row of pipes c c as and for the purpose specified.

4. The combination of the boiler as specified, with a series of superheating coils R. R, placed on top of the boiler, and two enlarged sections or steam drums S. S placed at the termini of the superheating coils, said steam drums having discharge pipes leading to a common point T, and also having small return pipes WV, at their lower side, all as and for the purpose specified.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name in the presence of two witnesses.

SAMUEL T. WILLIAMS.

\Vitnesses:

GEORGE S. BooKER, THOS. O. WILLIAMS.

ICC

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