Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D213/62—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
  • C07D213/63—One oxygen atom
  • C07D213/64—One oxygen atom attached in position 2 or 6
  • C07D213/643—2-Phenoxypyridines; Derivatives thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
  • A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
  • A01N37/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system
  • A01N37/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system having at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same aromatic ring system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
  • A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C235/00—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms
  • C07C235/42—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton
  • C07C235/44—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton with carbon atoms of carboxamide groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring
  • C07C235/58—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton with carbon atoms of carboxamide groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring with carbon atoms of carboxamide groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms, bound in ortho-position to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring
  • C07C235/60—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton with carbon atoms of carboxamide groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring with carbon atoms of carboxamide groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms, bound in ortho-position to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring having the nitrogen atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C235/00—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms
  • C07C235/42—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton
  • C07C235/44—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton with carbon atoms of carboxamide groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring
  • C07C235/58—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton with carbon atoms of carboxamide groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring with carbon atoms of carboxamide groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms, bound in ortho-position to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring
  • C07C235/64—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton with carbon atoms of carboxamide groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring with carbon atoms of carboxamide groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms, bound in ortho-position to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C237/00—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups
  • C07C237/28—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring of the carbon skeleton
  • C07C237/44—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring of the carbon skeleton having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups, amino groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C323/00—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups
  • C07C323/50—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
  • C07C323/62—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atom of at least one of the thio groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring of the carbon skeleton

Definitions

• the present invention concerns certain substituted benzanilides and related benzylamides, their preparation, herbicidal compositions containing them, and their use in combating undesired plant growth.
• U.S. Pat. No. 3,719,707 discloses compounds of the general formula ##STR2## in which X 1 is halogen and X 2 is hydrogen or halogen; Y 1 and Y 2 are halogen; Y 3 is hydrogen or hydroxyl, Z is oxygen or sulphur, and R is hydrogen or lower alkanoyl, as bacteriocides and anthelmintic agents.
• X 1 , X 2 and X 3 each independently represents a hydrogen or halogen atom or an alkyl group; n is 0 or 1; Z represents a hydrogen or halogen atom, or an amino, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkylthio or alkoxy group or a phenoxy group optionally substituted by haloalkyl; A represents CH or N; Y 1 and ZY 2 each independently represents a hydrogen or halogen atom, or an alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy or haloalkoxy group; and either W represents hydrogen atom or, when A represents CH and at least one of Y 1 and Y 2 is other than hydrogen or when A represents N, W represents a hydrogen or halogen atom; with the proviso that when A represents N, then each of Y 1 and Y 2 must represent a hydrogen atom.
• alkyl substituent group or alkyl moiety in a haloalkyl, alkylthio, alkoxy or haloalkoxy substituent group may be linear or branched and preferably has up to 12, preferably up to 6 and especially up to 4, carbon atoms.
• a preferred alkyl group or moiety is methyl.
• a preferred haloalkyl group or moiety is trifluoromethyl.
• each of X 1 , X 2 and X 3 independently represents a hydrogen or halogen atom or a C 1 -C 4 alkyl group. More preferably X 1 , X 2 and X 3 each independently represents a hydrogen, fluorine or chlorine atom or a methyl group. In especially preferred compounds one or more of X 1 , X 2 and X 3 represents a hydrogen, fluorine or chlorine atom.
• Z preferably represents a hydrogen or halogen atom, or an amino, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkylthio, suitably methylthio, or C 1 -C 4 alkoxy group or a phenoxy group optionally substituted by C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl. More preferably, Z represents a hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom, or a methyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy or 3-trifluoromethylphenoxy group. In especially preferred compounds, Z represents a hydrogen, fluorine or chlorine atom or a methyl group.
• each of Y 1 and Y 2 independently represents a hydrogen or halogen atom, or a C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy or C 1 -C 4 haloalkoxy group. More preferably, one of Y 1 and Y 2 represents a hydrogen, fluorine or chlorine atom, or a methyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy or trifluoromethoxy group, and the other represents a hydrogen atom. In especially preferred compounds one of Y 1 and Y 2 represents a hydrogen or chlorine atom or a trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy group, and the other represents a hydrogen atom.
• A represents CH or N.
• each of Y 1 and Y 2 must represent a hydrogen atom to maintain herbicidal activity.
• A represents a CH group.
• W suitably represents a hydrogen atom or, in certain compounds, i.e. those in which A is CH and at least one of Y 1 and Y 2 is other than hydrogen and especially those compounds in which A is N, W may alternatively represent a halogen atom, conveniently a fluorine or chlorine atom. In especially preferred compounds, W represents a hydrogen atom.
• the present invention also provides a process for the preparation of a compound of formula I as defined above which comprises reacting, where necessary in the presence of a suitable base, a compound of the general formula ##STR5## in which M represents a leaving group and T represents a group of the general formula ##STR6## or M represents a group of the general formula ##STR7## and T represents a leaving group, with a compound of the general formula
• a leaving group is any group that will, under the reaction conditions, cleave from the starting material thus promoting reaction at a specific site.
• M is conveniently a halogen atom, preferably a chlorine atom, when A in the group T is CH.
• a in the group T is N, then M is suitably a hydroxy group.
• T is conveniently a halogen atom, suitably a fluorine or chlorine atom.
• reaction of a compound of formula II in which M represents a leaving group and T represents a group III with a phenyl- or benzyl-amine of formula V is suitably carried out using conventional techniques for such reactions.
• a base is required for this process variant; suitable bases include organic bases, for example tertiary amines, e.g. triethylamine and N-methylmorpholine.
• reaction of a compound of formula II in which M represents a group IV and T represents a leaving group, with a phenol or pyridinol of formula V or a reactive salt derivative thereof, i.e. where L is a cation, is especially suitable where Z is a strongly electron-withdrawing group, for example a trifluoromethyl group.
• the resulting compound of the invention may be converted to other compounds of the invention, for example to those in which Z is amino, by conventional techniques, e.g. reduction.
• a base is required when the compound V is a phenol or pyridinol, to generate the reactive salt derivative, especially an alkali metal salt, of the phenol or pyridinol V in situ.
• Suitable bases include alkali metal hydrides, e.g. sodium or potassium hydride, alkali metal alkoxides, e.g. sodium ethoxide, or alkali metal hydroxides, e.g. sodium or potassium hydroxide.
• Suitable solvents include polar organic solvents, e.g. dimethylformamide dimethylsulphoxide and tetrahydrofuran, and hydrocarbon solvents, e.g. toluene.
• reaction temperature for each process variant will be determined by the reaction materials used and the coupling technique selected. Generally, process of the present invention may be carried out at a temperature in the range of from -30° C. to the reflux temperature of the reaction mixture. Where compounds of formula I are prepared in which A is CH, the reaction is conveniently carried out at a temperature in the range of from ambient (20° C.) to the reflux temperature. For compounds in which A is N, the reaction is suitably carried out at a temperature in the range of from -20° C. to 0° C., for example at -15° C.
• the molar ratio of compound V to compound II is in the range of from 1:1 to 1.2:1.
• A is N
• a peptide coupling agent for example isobutylchloroformate or dicyclohexylcarbodiimide.
• the compounds of the present invention may be isolated and purified by conventional techniques.
• Compounds of formula II in which M represents a leaving group and T represents a group III may be conveniently prepared by hydrolysing a compound of the general formula ##STR10## in which Z is as defined above and R represents an alkyl, preferably C 1 -C 6 alkyl, group, to the corresponding carboxylic acid, in the presence of a base such as potassium hydroxide, or by hydrolysing a compound of the general formula ##STR11## in which Z is as defined above, to the corresponding carboxylic acid, in the presence of a base such as potassium hydroxide, optionally followed in each case by reaction with a halogenating agent such as thionyl chloride, to form an acid halide of formula II, i.e. in which M is a halogen atom.
• Compounds of the formula VI may be prepared by reacting a compound of the general formula ##STR12## in which R and Z are as defined above and L 1 represents a leaving group, preferably a halogen, suitably a chlorine or bromine, atom, with a compound of the general formula
• T is a group III
• Ullmann coupling conditions for example using the sodium salt of compound IX in the presence of a copper (I) salt, e.g. cuprous chloride, and as co-solvents xylene and pyridine.
• Z is other than halogen, and is, for example, an electron-donating group e.g. methoxy or methylthio.
• L 2 represents a leaving group, preferably a halogen, especially a chlorine, atom and T 1 represents a group of the general formula ##STR14## in which Y 1 , Y 2 and W are as defined above, in the presence of a strong base such as sodium hydride, with a polar organic solvent such as dimethylformamide.
• Compounds of the formula VII may be prepared by reacting a compound of the general formula ##STR15## in which Z is as defined above and L 3 represents a leaving group, preferably a halogen, especially a fluorine or chlorine, atom, with a compound of formula IX as defined above, in the presence of a base such as potassium hydroxide, using a polar organic solvent such as dimethylformamide.
• M is as defined above, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine, and an organic solvent such as xylene or toluene.
• a base such as triethylamine
• an organic solvent such as xylene or toluene
• Compounds of the formula XIV may be prepared by reacting a compound of the general formula ##STR17## in which Z is as defined above and T is a leaving group with a strong base such as an organolithium, e.g. butyl lithium, followed by aqueous work-up, followed thereafter by reaction with a halogenating agent such as thionyl chloride, in an organic solvent, e.g. toluene or xylene, under nitrogen.
• a strong base such as an organolithium, e.g. butyl lithium
• a halogenating agent such as thionyl chloride
• the present invention further provides a herbicidal composition which comprises a carrier and, as active ingredient, a compound of formula I as defined above.
• a method of making such a composition is also provided which comprises bringing a compound of formula I as defined above into association with at least one carrier.
• composition according to the present invention preferably contains in the range of from 0.5% to 95% by weight of active ingredient.
• a carrier in a composition according to the invention is any material with which the active ingredient is formulated to facilitate application to the locus to be treated, which may for example be a plant, seed or soil, or to facilitate storage, transport or handling.
• a carrier may be a solid or a liquid, including a material which is normally gaseous but which has been compressed to form a liquid, and any of the carriers normally used in formulating herbicidal compositions may be used.
• Suitable solid carriers include natural and synthetic clays and silicates, for example natural silicas such as diatomaceous earths; magnesium silicates, for example talcs; magnesium aluminium silicates, for example attapulgites and vermiculites; aluminium silicates, for example kaolinites, montmorillonites and micas; calcium carbonate; calcium sulphate; ammonium sulphate; synthetic hydrated silicon oxides and synthetic calcium or aluminium silicates; elements, for example carbon and sulphur; natural and synthetic resins, for example coumarone resins, polyvinyl chloride, and styrene polymers and copolymers; solid polychlorophenols; bitumen; waxes; and solid fertilisers, for example superphosphates.
• natural and synthetic clays and silicates for example natural silicas such as diatomaceous earths; magnesium silicates, for example talcs; magnesium aluminium silicates, for example attapulgites and vermiculites; aluminium
• Suitable liquid carriers include water; alcohols, for example isopropanol and glycols; ketones, for example acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone and cyclohexanone; ethers; aromatic or araliphatic hydrocarbons, for example benzene, toluene and xylene; petroleum fractions, for example kerosine and light mineral oils; chlorinated hydrocarbons, for example carbon tetrachloride, perchloroethylene and trichloroethane. Mixtures of different liquids are often suitable.
• compositions are often formulated and transported in a concentrated form which is subsequently diluted by the user before application.
• a carrier which is a surface-active agent facilitates this process of dilution.
• at least one carrier in a composition according to the invention is a surface-active agent.
• the composition may contain at least two carriers, at least one of which is a surface-active agent.
• a surface-active agent may be an emulsifying agent, a dispersing agent or a wetting agent; it may be nonionic or ionic.
• suitable surface-active agents include the sodium or calcium salts of polyacrylic acids and lignin sulphonic acids; the condensation products of fatty acids or aliphatic amines or amides containing at least 12 carbon atoms in the molecule with ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide; fatty acid esters of glycerol, sorbitol, sucrose or pentaerythritol; condensates of these with ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide; condensation products of fatty alcohol or alkyl phenols, for example p-octylphenol or p-octylcresol, with ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide; sulphates or sulphonates of these condensation products; alkali or alkaline earth metal salts, preferably sodium salts, of sulphuric or sulph
• compositions of the invention may for example be formulated as wettable powders, dusts, granules, solutions, emulsifiable concentrates, emulsions, suspension concentrates and aerosols.
• Wettable powders usually contain 25, 50 or 75% w of active ingredient and usually contain in addition to solid inert carrier, 3-10% w of a dispersing agent and, where necessary, 0-10% w of stabiliser(s) and/or other additives such as penetrants or stickers.
• Dusts are usually formulated as a dust concentrate having a similar composition to that of a wettable powder but without a dispersant, and are diluted in the field with further solid carrier to give a composition usually containing 1/4-10% w of active ingredient.
• Granules are usually prepared to have a size between 10 and 100 BS mesh (1.676-0.152 mm), and may be manufactured by agglomeration or impregnation techniques. Generally, granules will contain 1/4-75% w active ingredient and 0-10% w of additives such as stabilisers, surfactants, slow release modifiers and binding agents. The so-called “dry flowable powders" consist of relatively small granules having a relatively high concentration of active ingredient.
• Emulsifiable concentrates usually contain, in addition to a solvent and, when necessary, co-solvent, 10-50% w/v active ingredient, 2-20% w/v emulsifiers and 0-20% w/v of other additives such as stabilisers, penetrants and corrosion inhibitors.
• Suspension concentrates are usually compounded so as to obtain a stable, non-sedimenting flowable product and usually contain 10-75% w active ingredient, 0.5-15% w of dispersing agents, 0.1-10% w of suspending agents such as protective colloids and thixotropic agents, 0-10% w of other additives such as defoamers, corrosion inhibitors, stabilisers, penetrants and stickers, and water or an organic liquid in which the active ingredient is substantially insoluble; certain organic solids or inorganic salts may be present dissolved in the formulation to assist in preventing sedimentation or as anti-freeze agents for water.
• Aqueous dispersions and emulsions for example compositions obtained by diluting a wettable powder or a concentrate according to the invention with water, also lie within the scope of the invention.
• the said emulsions may be of the water-in-oil or of the oil-in-water type, and may have a thick ⁇ mayonnaise ⁇ -like consistency.
• composition of the invention may also contain other active ingredients, for example compounds possessing insecticidal or fungicidal properties or other herbicides.
• the present invention still further provides the use as a herbicide of a compound of the general formula I as defined above or a composition as defined above and a method of combating undesired plant growth at a locus with such a compound or composition.
• the locus may be, for example, the soil or plants in a crop area.
• the dosage of active ingredient may, for example, be in the range of from 0.01 to 10kg/ha, preferably from 0.01 to 5kg/ha.
• reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate chromatographed on a silica column using trichloromethane as eluant to give 2-(3-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-5-fluorobenzoic acid-2',4'-difluoroanilide as a colourless solid (6.2 g, 0.015 mol, 76% yield).
• Boiling point 140° C. at approximately 1 mmHg.
• reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate chromatographed on a silica column using trichloromethane as eluant to give a colourless solid. Recrystallisation of the solid from hexane/ethyl acetate yielded the title compound as colourless crystals (6.5 g, 0.015 mol, 80% yield). Melting point: 112° C.
• Ethyl salicylate (30 g, 0.18 mol) was added dropwise with stirring to a suspension of oil-free sodium hydride (5 g, 0.21 mol) in dry dimethylformamide (100 ml) under a nitrogen atmosphere. After one hour, 2,5-dichloropyridine (26 g, 0.17 mol) was added and the reaction mixture refluxed for 48 hours. The dimethylformamide was then removed in vacuo and 11 of a 50:50 (v/v) mixture of water and trichloromethane added to the remaining residue.
• Boiling point 150° C. at approximately 1 mmHg.
• the tests fall into two categories, pre-emergence and post-emergence.
• the pre-emergence tests involved spraying a liquid formulation of the compound onto the soil in which the seeds of the plant specied mentioned above had recently been sown.
• the post-emergence tests involved two types of test, viz., soil drench and foliar spray tests. In the soil drench tests the soil in which the seedling plants of the above species were growing was drenched with a liquid formulation containing a compound of the invention, and in the foliar spray tests the seedling plants were sprayed with such a formulation.
• the soil used in the tests was a prepared horticultural loam.
• the formulations used in the tests were prepared from solutions of the test compounds in acetone containing 0.4% by weight of an alkylphenol/ethylene oxide condensate available under the trade mark TRITON X-155. These acetone solutions were diluted with water and the resulting formulations applied at dosage levels corresponding to 5 kg or 1 kg of active material per hectare in a volume equivalent to 600 liters per hectare in the soil spray and foliar spray test, and at a dosage of level equivalent to 10 kilograms of active material per hectare in a volume equivalent to approximately 3,000 liters per hectare in the soil drench tests.
• the herbicidal effects of the test compounds were assessed visually twelve days after spraying the foliage and the soil, and thirteen days after drenching the soil and were recorded on a 0-9 scale.
• a rating 0 indicates growth as untreated control, a rating 9 indicates death.
• An increase of 1 unit on the linear scale approximates to a 10% increase in the level of effect.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
• Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
• Plant Pathology (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Dentistry (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Pyridine Compounds (AREA)

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• 1990
  • 1990-07-17 GB GB909015658A patent/GB9015658D0/en active Pending
• 1991
  • 1991-05-29 US US07/707,026 patent/US5304532A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1991-07-03 RO RO147942A patent/RO110139B1/ro unknown
  • 1991-07-15 CA CA002047056A patent/CA2047056A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1991-07-15 DE DE69104425T patent/DE69104425T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1991-07-15 HU HU912370A patent/HUT58185A/hu unknown
  • 1991-07-15 AU AU80446/91A patent/AU647149B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1991-07-15 PL PL91291082A patent/PL166306B1/pl unknown
  • 1991-07-15 CN CN91104804A patent/CN1029959C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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  • 1991-07-15 DK DK91201867.8T patent/DK0467473T3/da active
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