US527963A - Machine for scoring paper-board - Google Patents

Machine for scoring paper-board Download PDF

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US527963A
US527963A US527963DA US527963A US 527963 A US527963 A US 527963A US 527963D A US527963D A US 527963DA US 527963 A US527963 A US 527963A
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scoring
shoe
board
wheel
paper
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D3/00—Planing or slotting machines cutting by relative movement of the tool and workpiece in a vertical or inclined straight line
    • B23D3/02—Planing or slotting machines cutting by relative movement of the tool and workpiece in a vertical or inclined straight line for cutting grooves
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S29/00—Metal working
    • Y10S29/079—Removable debris receptacle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S29/00—Metal working
    • Y10S29/097—Cutter engaging cleaner
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S83/00—Cutting
    • Y10S83/917—Notching
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/50—Planing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/50—Planing
    • Y10T409/502624—Means for cutting groove
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/02—Other than completely through work thickness
    • Y10T83/0304—Grooving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/202—With product handling means
    • Y10T83/2092—Means to move, guide, or permit free fall or flight of product
    • Y10T83/2209—Guide
    • Y10T83/2211—Abutment in path of product being moved by work feeder
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/202—With product handling means
    • Y10T83/2092—Means to move, guide, or permit free fall or flight of product
    • Y10T83/2209—Guide
    • Y10T83/2216—Inclined conduit, chute or plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/222—With receptacle or support for cut product
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/647—With means to convey work relative to tool station
    • Y10T83/6584—Cut made parallel to direction of and during work movement

Definitions

  • TM Nonms PETERS ca. Pun-manned wAsnmxfi'ou, o c,
  • This invention relates to improvements in machines for scoring sheets of paper-board, or similar board from which paper boxes are made.
  • the object of the invention is to produce a mechanism by which the scorings may be produced with as great, or greater, rapidity than heretofore and one by which the stock may be excavated and cleared out of, and away from, the scoring. groove with greater effectiveness and rapidity than heretofore.
  • Another object of the invention is to adapt the mechanism by simple means to be readily adjusted to accord with different thicknesses of paper and to produce scoring grooves of varying depths.
  • Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a 8001'- ing machine taken from front to rear and showing a sheet of paper-board being fed therethrough and acted upon by the scoring and clearing devices.
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a fragment of paper-board showing the same as scored and partially cleared.
  • Fig. 3 is a view on a larger scale than Fig. 1 in vertical section through the improved devices.
  • Fig. 4 is an elevation at right angles to Fig. 3, showing the said devices in edge view.
  • Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional view of the shoe and clearer, its relative position to the scoring Wheel being indicated.
  • Fig. 6 is a planview of the same.
  • Fig. 7 is an edge view, and Fig. 8 a perspective view of the shoe.
  • Figl 9 is a perspective view of the clearing blade
  • Fig. 10 is a perspective view of a secondary clearer or doctor.
  • A represents the holder shown as removably and-adjustably secured to the beam, B, of the scoring machine above 0 sralnt. 503,715.
  • the holder has mounted thereon the hanger, G, which comprises two angular members, one of, which has substantially a pivotal connection with the holder, as at a, and the other, by meansof the screw shaft, b, has such a support from the hanger as to permit the adjustment of the hanger in slight extents toward and from the top side of the roll.
  • the hanger carries, at the junction of its. members, the journal screw, or stud, d, on which the scoring Wheel, H, is axially carried.
  • the scoring wheel consists of a steel disk having two flanges, 10, 10, extendedbeyond the periphery and separated corresponding to the width of the required score line, the inner faces of which are parallel, while these flanges are outwardly beveled as at 12, so that they are made, to constitute rotary scoring knives.
  • the shoe, J Upon the upwardly and forwardly extended member,f, of the hanger is secured the shoe, J.
  • This important part is fully and clearly illustrated in several views of the drawings and consists of the upwardly and forwardly inclined stock, or shank-bar, g, with the bifurcated foot part,.h, which is rearwardlly extended and then upwardly rounded, as at h and which has the heel, i, which constitutes a tie piece for the two members of the foot.
  • the bottom of the foot comprising the heel, is curved to conform to the periphery of the roll, 0, and the shoe is held by the screws, n, 'n, upon the hanger so that said curved bottom will stand above the top of roll, 0, at a distance approximately corresponding to the thickness of the paper to be fed through between the foot and roll to be scored and ear cavated.
  • the slots is, k, in the shank-bar of the shoe, the latter may be adjusted toward, and from the surfaceof the .95 roll 0.
  • Ahole, 11 is bored through the heel
  • the scoring flanges, 10, 10. the blade and of the clearer below the under surface of the shoe is approximately the same as the required depth of the scoring groove.
  • the clearer blade is held by the transversely applied set screw, 3'
  • the above described shoe which has a considerable portion of its bottom of a contour corresponding to and yet slightly removed from, the periphery of the support and guide roller, 0, serves to prevent the traveling stock from rising or being lifted above the top of said roll to consequently prevent a too deep, or uneven excavation between the parallel incisions made by the scoring Wheel.
  • the blade, m Upon the outer face of the shank-bar of the shoe is set the blade, m, with the narrowed and chisel edged extremity which enters the groove at the periphery of the scoring wheel, this part serving as a doctor for the scoring wheel to free the wheel from any cutting which may be retained within its channel edge.
  • This doctor blade, 0% has the slot, m in its shank so that it is adjustable toward and from the periphery of the scoring wheel, and it moreover may be held by the heads of the same screws, 41,02, which confine the shoe to the hanger.
  • the aperture creating the separation between the members of the foot so extends as to leave an opening at the front of the shoe between the non-apertured shank-bar and the heel, whereby the waste cleared by either of the blades, j, or m, may issue forwardly and be received into the rearwardly opening receptacle L which has a concaved bottom and front.
  • a scoring machine the combination with the double-edged scoring wheel, of a shoe supported in proximity thereto, to bear upon the paper substantially as described, and having its foot bifurcated so as to lie at The projection of either side of the scoring wheel and having the heel, t, transversely uniting the bifurcated members of the foot and having the socket, t and the clearerblade, j, set in and extended from said socket angularly to the under surface of the foot, substantially as described.
  • a scoring machine the combination with the double-edged scoring wheel, of a shoe mounted near, and in advance of, the wheel and formed with an aperture therethrough from front to rear, one or more clearers supported within this aperture for clearing and directing the waste stock which is excavated from the scored board forwardly through the throat formed by said aperture in the shoe, and a receptacle in advance of the wheel and clearer for receiving such waste, substantially as described.
  • the combination with the roll, 0, and the scoring wheel, of a shoe above the support roll adjustably mounted independently of the scoring wheel, and having portions which are adapted to lie closely to the paper-board, and a clearerblade supported by the shoe and having its working edge extended below the lower surface of the shoe, and arranged in advance, and in a plane parallel with the rotation, of the scoring wheel and between the circular knife edges thereof, substantially as described.

Description

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet I.
0 W. GAY. MACHINE FOR SCORING PAPER BOARD.
No. 527,963. 4 Patented Oct. 23, 1894'. W W
I l I I l 1 v l s I I I I I I l I I I l Wfiieaaw: Jaw/2X02" (No Model.) 7 2 SheetsvSheet 2. G. W. GAY.
MA'GHINBPOR SCORING PAPER BOARD.
No. 527,963. Patented Oct. 23,'1894.
TM: Nonms PETERS ca. Pun-manned wAsnmxfi'ou, o c,
UNITED STATES PATENT Grates,
CHAUNCEY W. GAY, OF WEST SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS.
MACHINE FOR SCORING PAPER-ABOARD.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 527,963, dated October 23, 1894.
Application filed-March 15, 1894.
To ctZZ whom i2? may concern.-
Be it known that I, OHAUNGEY W. GAY, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at West Springfield, in the county of Hampden and State of Massachusetts, have invented new and useful Improvements in Machines for Scoring Paper-Board, of which the following is a specification.
This invention relates to improvements in machines for scoring sheets of paper-board, or similar board from which paper boxes are made.
The object of the invention is to produce a mechanism by which the scorings may be produced with as great, or greater, rapidity than heretofore and one by which the stock may be excavated and cleared out of, and away from, the scoring. groove with greater effectiveness and rapidity than heretofore.
Another object of the invention is to adapt the mechanism by simple means to be readily adjusted to accord with different thicknesses of paper and to produce scoring grooves of varying depths.
The invention consists in constructions and combinations of parts all substantially as will hereinafter fully appear and be set forth in the claims.
Reference is to be had to theaccompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a 8001'- ing machine taken from front to rear and showing a sheet of paper-board being fed therethrough and acted upon by the scoring and clearing devices. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a fragment of paper-board showing the same as scored and partially cleared. Fig. 3 is a view on a larger scale than Fig. 1 in vertical section through the improved devices. Fig. 4 is an elevation at right angles to Fig. 3, showing the said devices in edge view. Fig. 5is a vertical sectional view of the shoe and clearer, its relative position to the scoring Wheel being indicated. Fig. 6 is a planview of the same. Fig. 7 is an edge view, and Fig. 8 a perspective view of the shoe. Figl 9 is a perspective view of the clearing blade, and Fig. 10 is a perspective view of a secondary clearer or doctor.
In the drawings, A represents the holder shown as removably and-adjustably secured to the beam, B, of the scoring machine above 0 sralnt. 503,715. (Remodel-l the support and guide-roll, G. The rail and roll are properly supported by the standard of the machine and the usual table, D, is provided. The holder has mounted thereon the hanger, G, which comprises two angular members, one of, which has substantially a pivotal connection with the holder, as at a, and the other, by meansof the screw shaft, b, has such a support from the hanger as to permit the adjustment of the hanger in slight extents toward and from the top side of the roll. The hanger carries, at the junction of its. members, the journal screw, or stud, d, on which the scoring Wheel, H, is axially carried.
The scoring wheel consists of a steel disk having two flanges, 10, 10, extendedbeyond the periphery and separated corresponding to the width of the required score line, the inner faces of which are parallel, while these flanges are outwardly beveled as at 12, so that they are made, to constitute rotary scoring knives.
Upon the upwardly and forwardly extended member,f, of the hanger is secured the shoe, J. This important part is fully and clearly illustrated in several views of the drawings and consists of the upwardly and forwardly inclined stock, or shank-bar, g, with the bifurcated foot part,.h, which is rearwardlly extended and then upwardly rounded, as at h and which has the heel, i, which constitutes a tie piece for the two members of the foot. The bottom of the foot, comprising the heel, is curved to conform to the periphery of the roll, 0, and the shoe is held by the screws, n, 'n, upon the hanger so that said curved bottom will stand above the top of roll, 0, at a distance approximately corresponding to the thickness of the paper to be fed through between the foot and roll to be scored and ear cavated. By reason of the slots, is, k, in the shank-bar of the shoe, the latter may be adjusted toward, and from the surfaceof the .95 roll 0. Ahole, 11 is bored through the heel,
the scoring flanges, 10, 10. the blade and of the clearer below the under surface of the shoe is approximately the same as the required depth of the scoring groove. The clearer blade is held by the transversely applied set screw, 3'
The above described shoe which has a considerable portion of its bottom of a contour corresponding to and yet slightly removed from, the periphery of the support and guide roller, 0, serves to prevent the traveling stock from rising or being lifted above the top of said roll to consequently prevent a too deep, or uneven excavation between the parallel incisions made by the scoring Wheel.
Upon the outer face of the shank-bar of the shoe is set the blade, m, with the narrowed and chisel edged extremity which enters the groove at the periphery of the scoring wheel, this part serving as a doctor for the scoring wheel to free the wheel from any cutting which may be retained within its channel edge. This doctor blade, 0%, has the slot, m in its shank so that it is adjustable toward and from the periphery of the scoring wheel, and it moreover may be held by the heads of the same screws, 41,02, which confine the shoe to the hanger.
It will be here explained that by reason of the parallel faced circular scoring blade flanges on the wheel, H, such scoring wheel will not only score the stock in close parallel lines, but will carry out the waste strip on occasions when certain kinds of paper-board are worked upon, and then it becomes the function of the doctor-blade, m, to clear the scoring wheel. In some stock having a more tenacious fiber, the wheel may' not be depended upon to carry up the waste strip or shaving and then the clearer blade does it. The clearer blade insures, in any event, the excavation between the scores, uniformly, to the proper depth.
It will be noticed that the aperture creating the separation between the members of the foot so extends as to leave an opening at the front of the shoe between the non-apertured shank-bar and the heel, whereby the waste cleared by either of the blades, j, or m, may issue forwardly and be received into the rearwardly opening receptacle L which has a concaved bottom and front. By this means none of the cleared strips or particles will be permitted to fallback upon the board, or into the grooves thereof to be found objectionable later in the process of utilizing blanks of the paper-board for making boxes by hand or machinery, or for other purpose.
Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-
1. In a scoring machine, the combination with the double-edged scoring wheel, of a shoe supported in proximity thereto, to bear upon the paper substantially as described, and having its foot bifurcated so as to lie at The projection of either side of the scoring wheel and having the heel, t, transversely uniting the bifurcated members of the foot and having the socket, t and the clearerblade, j, set in and extended from said socket angularly to the under surface of the foot, substantially as described.
2. In a scoring machine, the combination with a shoe, substantially as described having the upwardly extended bar-shank, g, the foot which is bifurcated forming the two members with the curved under surface and the rearwardly upturned toes, 71 W, and the transverse uniting heel, t', substantially as described and shown.
3. In a scoring machine, the combination with a hanger, G, and double-edged scoring wheel mounted thereon, of the shoe, J, having the bar-shank, g, provided with the slots, k, 70, and having the bifurcated foot substantially as described, and the doctor-blade, m, having the slot in its shank, m and the screws, 91, n, for adjustably holding the shoe to the hanger, and the doctor-blade to the shoe, substantially as described.
4. In a scoring machine, the combination with the double-edged scoring wheel, of a shoe mounted near, and in advance of, the wheel and formed with an aperture therethrough from front to rear, one or more clearers supported within this aperture for clearing and directing the waste stock which is excavated from the scored board forwardly through the throat formed by said aperture in the shoe, and a receptacle in advance of the wheel and clearer for receiving such waste, substantially as described.
5. In a scoring machine, the combination with the roll, 0, and the scoring wheel, of a shoe above the support roll adjustably mounted independently of the scoring wheel, and having portions which are adapted to lie closely to the paper-board, and a clearerblade supported by the shoe and having its working edge extended below the lower surface of the shoe, and arranged in advance, and in a plane parallel with the rotation, of the scoring wheel and between the circular knife edges thereof, substantially as described.
6. In a scoring machine, the combination with a supporting and guiding roll, 0, the double-edged scoring wheel, and a hanger on which said wheel is adjustably mounted, of a shoe adjustably supported on the hanger independently of the wheel to be moved from and toward the roll, 0, and having foot portions which are adapted to lie closely to the paper-board and having the clearer blade, j,
adjustably supported thereon and the doctorblade, m, which is adjustable longitudinally of its length, substantially as described.
OHAUNCEY W. GAY. Witnesses:
WM. S. BELLoWs, H. A. OHAPIN.
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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2655190A (en) * 1950-07-01 1953-10-13 Charles O M Mason Method of and apparatus for forming an open filling-receiving groove in frankfurter rolls and other bakery products
US3165951A (en) * 1962-02-02 1965-01-19 Lindquist Jonas Theodore Machine for splitting one layer of a laminated web of material
US4091697A (en) * 1974-12-09 1978-05-30 Glass Master Sales And Leasing Corporation Scrap stripper and chopper with conveyor
US4540391A (en) * 1982-12-06 1985-09-10 International Paper Company Method and apparatus for skiving and hemming
WO1987003240A1 (en) * 1985-11-21 1987-06-04 Glass Duct Manufacturing Company, Inc. Board cutting machinery and method
US4740163A (en) * 1983-11-02 1988-04-26 James River-Norwalk, Inc. Channel opening feature for cartons
US5974935A (en) * 1998-06-26 1999-11-02 Belt Equipment, Inc. Belt splitting machine
US6119324A (en) * 1994-06-09 2000-09-19 Newell Manufacturing Company Method for making extruded articles
US11491670B1 (en) * 2008-04-11 2022-11-08 Fresh Mark, Inc. Bacon portioner/trimmer

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2655190A (en) * 1950-07-01 1953-10-13 Charles O M Mason Method of and apparatus for forming an open filling-receiving groove in frankfurter rolls and other bakery products
US3165951A (en) * 1962-02-02 1965-01-19 Lindquist Jonas Theodore Machine for splitting one layer of a laminated web of material
US4091697A (en) * 1974-12-09 1978-05-30 Glass Master Sales And Leasing Corporation Scrap stripper and chopper with conveyor
US4540391A (en) * 1982-12-06 1985-09-10 International Paper Company Method and apparatus for skiving and hemming
US4740163A (en) * 1983-11-02 1988-04-26 James River-Norwalk, Inc. Channel opening feature for cartons
WO1987003240A1 (en) * 1985-11-21 1987-06-04 Glass Duct Manufacturing Company, Inc. Board cutting machinery and method
US6119324A (en) * 1994-06-09 2000-09-19 Newell Manufacturing Company Method for making extruded articles
US5974935A (en) * 1998-06-26 1999-11-02 Belt Equipment, Inc. Belt splitting machine
US11491670B1 (en) * 2008-04-11 2022-11-08 Fresh Mark, Inc. Bacon portioner/trimmer

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