US525156A - Bannister - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.)

2 Sheets-Sheet I.

J. PRICE & M. o. BANN ISTEB. IOE MAKING APPARATUS.

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2 Sheets-Sheet 2 1GB MAKING APPARATUS.

Patented Aug. 28, 1894.

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if U JOSEPH Peron, OFT IVERPQ LQS A'NDJ; MAUNSEL d BANNIVISTER, 0F I e 1 3 ,SEACOMBE'ENG'LAND; I,

itcE-MAK N TAR R W SPECIFICATION forming part o Letters PatentNm 52 5,156,dated August 128, 1.894. Application filed Jnne'SO, 1892. seriainauaazl. ma e fatenliellih England June 23, ise rmn e.

To' all nah/01a, it ma concern; Y I

Be it known that we, JOSEPH PRICE,

ing at Liverpool, in the county of Lancaster,

and MAUNSEL OAssWEL a BANNISTEB, residing at 'Seacombe, in the'county of Chester,

in the Kingdom of -.England,-,su'bjectsof the Queen of Great Britain, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in lcefMaking;

Apparatus, (which have not been patented to ourselves or to others with ourknowledge or consent inany country,,except in England,

No. 9,716, dated June 2 3, 1 890,) of; which; the I following is',aspecification. v 1,

This n en o r e .tec rt in 'imprq ments. n ri ra in arpa tu emp y for the manufacture of ice and has for its ob-' ject the making of transparent ice. The -reason for the opacity of ice ordinarily made in ice making machines is the pre'sen'ceof an enormous number of air bubbles, These air bubbles are occluded airand gases in the water and. as the waterjs reduced in tempera ture and freezes it is noqlonger capablefof holding. the gases in occlusion. Th es e, there fore, separate insmalhglobules. We efiect the ep a i n)? th e l bui es by causin an intermittent reciprocating current in the water flowing. against .the surface of the ice omits p it n ejpur ey n thu a .itz ter Scraping fifl t e .bs b s p ai "v a hey f r on the said surface.

companyingflrawings and we will then-point out in the-claimsthe,noyelparts and combt,

nations.

In the dr U vafibii s al QQ m k ngappara itowhich the invention has, in part, been applied; Fig.

chamber-. n y ng ou 911 inrent qnlwe. empl y a Series inj cti hamber preferab y Qfafi more or less globular ferm, and constructed.- Of glass or of sqm hiberna e r al o :a lowv degree'of conductiyity In Figs/1 and 2- is wheezing chain u P P iQn. I l f eftaiii d ai si f the construction of such an apparatus which; we will first, describe; with reference to the -ac-.'

l l il l i 'fFle l I isas ect bi al a e-.-

. bier, andlB is aseriesofice-tanlrs supported therein, as 'by cross bars (Li Thedce-tanks' gare'filled with the water to be frozen,-and the chamber A With-the freezing medium. ,If the I medium employed be brine, it maybe supplied to the chamber A by a ,pipe D, from a refrigerating tank, and a second pipeE may serve for supplying-brine from the upper part I :of the chamber to the refrigerating apparatus.

', Aboveeach ice-tank there are located one or of bamboo) which dips into the water in the more injection chambers F 'F.; Each of thesev injection chambersfis of a capacitysufiicient to contain the amount of water required for? pneinjection, and eachchamber communi-v cates at itsupper end, by means of a flexible connectionF,with a common connecting tube Gr. *The lower end of each chamberis provided with an injection nozzleiH (preferably,

adjacent ice-tankandlis also,- by preference,.i

connected with its chamberby a flexible con= nection 1E The chambers are,'in this .case,

' l posed to be glass globes, each provided with apairof necks for attachment to their flexible connections F and F c i fljhe common connecting tubes G are .filledwith air which is alternately attenuated i a i dgcompressed, thus causing the injection.

chambers F F to be alternately filled and nected, in ,-a' suitable manner with any .con-

each

emptied-Each of the tubes G has free com- I munication with the upper end iof;an air chamber (for chambers) TJ which is or are convenientform ofalternate suction and force 7 device, such, :for z example, as a cylinder .K having, a reciprocatlng piston; said cylinder being connected, say at its lower end, with the lower, endof the saidair chamberor chambers; In the arrangement shown in the drawings s'everal air-chambers are all connected'by'branch pipes J with a mainpipe J which communicateswith the lower end of the cylinder K by a branch K. J :Th'e lowerpartsof; the cylinder K and air 'chamberszJ. and the pipes J J. and K'v.connecting theisame are-filled with liquid, and

V the capacity of the cylinder bears such a rel 'ati 0n to that of the}airchambers that the amount of liquid employed that the down stroke of the piston shall serve to fill the air chambers to the tops of their cylindrical portions, while the up stroke shall not empty them below their junctions with their respective branch pipes .I. The capacity of each air chamber is also proportioned in a similar manner to that of its series of injection chambers. It will thus be seen that there is an air cushion interposed between the pump cylinder K and the injection chambers, and that such air being a bad conductor of heat, the loss of heat from the ice-tanks by way of the injection tubes G is much less than if the entire connections between the pump and injection nozzles were filled with liquid. It is advantageous, however, to fill the pipes J J and K with liquid as aforesaid, as, by this means, a much smaller body of air has to be operated upon, namely,that between the lower ends of the air chambers and the injection chambers.

The parts 9 g of the connecting tubes G G are by preference made flexible or capable of being readily disconnected, for the purpose of enabling the tubes, injection chambers, and nozzles to be moved out of the way when theicetanks are to be removed.

In some forms of ice refrigerating apparatus, the tanks of ice are periodically moved forward.

The arrangements for operating the piston within the cylinder K are preferably of such a nature as will impart a slow movement to the piston when attenuating the air in the air chambers J, connecting tubes G and injection chambers F, to fill the latter with water, and .a quick return movement when compressing the air to expel the water from the injection chambers. Any suitable arrangement may be employed for this purpose.

In the drawings (Figs. 3 and 4) the rod L of the piston L is coupled to the crank arm L This latter is mounted loosely upon the stud M which projects from the bracket M. M are the driving pulleys for imparting motion to the pinion M which gears with the spur wheel M. The said spur wheel is also mounted loosely on another part of the stud M and rotates on a diiferent center from the crank arm L The driving pin N is fixed to the spur wheel M and it follows that, as the spur wheel and the crank arm revolve on different centers, the pin travels eccentrically in the slot at, whereby the radius of its driving motion varies as it revolves, and it travels backward and forward in the slot. The spur wheel being in motion, the driving pin N and the connecting rod pin N describe the circles indicated by dotted lines, and the piston is raised on its up stroke with asuitably slow speed when attenuating the air, while, during the operation of compressing the air to expel water from the injection chambers, the piston falls rapidly to the bottom of the cylinder.

Instead of working several series of injectors from one piston and cylinder, each row may be operated independently.

It will be obvious that other devices, the

. mechanical equivalent of a cylinder and reciprocating piston, could be employed for a working the injection nozzles, such for example, as a collapsible bellows.

In Figs. 5 and 6 a modified form of injection apparatus is shown. The injection chambers are formed by a series of recesses F in the bottom of a wooden trough, the upper part G of which forms the common connecting tube for all the chambers or recesses. Each chamber is, as before, provided with a-nozzle H connected flexibly thereto. A glass disk f is provided in the side of each injection chamber so that the attendant is enabled at any time to see whether the chamber is working properly.

g is a short branch, whereby the series of chambers may be connected bya flexible pipe to the air chamber J as in Fig. 1.

The action of the apparatus is such that, on the in stroke of the piston L, the liquid below it is drawn into the cylinderK and forms a partial vacuum in the air chambers J J, connecting tubes G G and injection chambers F F, causing the required amount of water to pass-preferably slowly-into the latter, from the ice-tanks below them. On the out stroke of the piston, the air is rapidly compressed and the water forcibly expelled from the injection chambers into the tanks, thus setting up a vigorous circulation of the water therein. The circulation, as seen by the arrows in Fig. 1, takes place down the center of the tank and up the face of the newly formed ice therein, thus washing off the air bubbles and impurities from the ice before they become frozen in and carrying them to the top of the tank. The size of the injection nozzles is so proportioned that the outflow of the water is throttled. The injection thus continues for some time after the piston has completed its down strike, the water being forced out of the chambers by the expansion of the air, cushion. In this Way, the duration of the injection can be much prolonged.

The injection chambers being flexibly connected with their common tube G and the nozzles being also flexibly connected to the chambers, the repeated pulsations which occur in such flexible connections cause the in.- jection nozzles H to move about in the water in the tanks to an extent sufficient to prevent them from being frozen into the ice block. This movement of the nozzles also serves to distribute the circulation more equably throughout their respective tanks.

Suitable attachments may also be provided, where necessary or desirable, for controlling the flow of water into and out of the various injection chambers, and air chambers.

We claim as our invention-- 1. In an ice making machine, the combination with a series of tanks and injecting noz- J J of capacity at least equal to the full charge drawn into them, whereby the liquid in the tanks is intermittently partially withdrawn and injected back, and air cushions are formed between this water and the water in the pump and in contiguous rows of tanks, and thus siphoning between the tanks is avoided.

2. The combination of a series of tanks and a pumping device causing alternate suction out of and the forcing of water into each of the series of tanks with an air chamber on the nozzle and above each tank of a capacity at least equal to the amount of water raised out of the tank at each pulsation, whereby siphoning from one tank to another becomes impossible.

3. In an ice making apparatus, the combination of a single pumping device, a series of air chambers having united capacity at least equal to the capacity of the pumping devices,

a series of injecting nozzles having each a chamber F, the united cubical capacity of the chambers F being at least equal to the united cubical capacity of the air chambers and therefore of the pump, substantially as described.

4. The combination of an injecting and ejecting device K, a series of injecting devices F, H connected therewith, an air cushion placed between the pumping device and the water in the injecting device, whereby the water in the pump and the water in the injecting devices are kept from commingling or coming in contact with the same surface, substantially as described.

5. In an ice making apparatus, the combination of a series of freezing tanks, a nozzle pointing down into each tank, a pulsating device acting on numerous nozzles and a separate vessel F above each nozzle pf a, size amply sufficient to hold all the water from that nozzle drawn up at each pulsation whereby the water ispreveuted from siphoning from one can to the other through the pulsating apparatus.

6. In an ice making device, the combina tion of a pulsating device, an ample air chamber, a glass vessel F connected with that air chamber and a nozzle leading into the top of the ice tank from that vessel F whereby the action going on in each tank can be at once ascertained and each tank works independently of the others. I

7.. In an ice making apparatus, the combination of a tank adapted to contain liquid to be refrigerated and a pump havinga vertical connection entering the top of said tank, the pump having a slow suctionstroke and a rapid forcing stroke so that a portion of the'liquid JOSEPH PRICE. V MAUNSEL c. BANNISTER.

Witnesses:

WM. P. THOMPSON, G. C. DYMOND.

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