US520839A - Locomotive engine - Google Patents

Locomotive engine Download PDF

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US520839A
US520839A US520839DA US520839A US 520839 A US520839 A US 520839A US 520839D A US520839D A US 520839DA US 520839 A US520839 A US 520839A
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valve
air
smoke
relief
steam
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/02—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type
    • F01D11/04—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type using sealing fluid, e.g. steam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • F01K7/22—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type the turbines having inter-stage steam heating
    • F01K7/24—Control or safety means specially adapted therefor

Definitions

  • lief valves shall be taken from a source of heated air, in order that the suction of the engine shall draw hot air through the valve chests and cylinders instead of cold air.
  • the steam passages, chests and cylinders, instead of being cooled, are maintained at approximately their normal temperature, so that when steam is again turned in, no unusual or undue condensation can result.
  • the preferable construction is to arrange the relief valve within the usual valve chest casing which incloses the valve chest for the purpose of keeping it hot and protecting it from contactwith the cold outer air, and to connect the hot air pipe to this casing so that it discharges the hot air into the chamber formed by this casing, from which chamber the hot air is drawn in through the relief valve.
  • Figure 1 is a side elevation of the forward part of a locomotive engine partially broken away in vertical mid-section
  • Fig. 2 is a transverse section, the left half being cut in the planes denotedby the dotted lines 2-2 land the right half denoted by the lines 2-2 r in Fig. 1, the view being on a larger scale.
  • Fig. 3 is a fragmentary transverse section on a still larger scale, through one of the cylinders and valve chests.
  • Fig. 4 is a horizontal section of the forward part of the smoke-box in the plane of the line 44 in Fig. 2.
  • FIG. 5 is a fragmentary longitudinal mid-section of the smoke-box showing a modified construction.
  • Fig. 6 is a transverse section through the smoke-box showing'a further modification.
  • Fig. 7 is a longitudinal section through the smoke-box showing the same construction shown in Fig. 6.
  • FIG. 3 the high pressure valve.
  • Steam is taken from the boiler in the usual manner through a pipe I, which branches into two pipes I I leading through the smoke-box W, and communicating with live steam passages l 1 (Fig. 2) formed through the respective cylinder half-saddles J J, each passage 1" leading in the usual manner to the steam chest A of the high pressure cylinder, andopeningin communication with the high pressure valve A as shown in Fig. 3.
  • valve chests A B are covered and inclosed by a valve chest casing V, which makes a substantially air-tight fit with the cylinder casting or top of the saddle J, and the relief-valve R, which is or may be of any ordinary construction, is arranged within this casing V, being screwed into a hole or opening 0" formed in the top of the saddle and communicating with the live steam passage 1
  • the relief valve R consists of a casing having a perforated top forming a strainer through which the air enters, and formed beneath this with a valve seat against which seats a valvedisk 0", which is normally drawn to its seat by a spring 4', as shown in Fig.
  • a hot air pipe or passage which as a whole is lettered Y, terminates in communication with the interiorof the casing V.
  • this hot air passage consists of a pipe coiled within the smoke-box WV, as shown at Y in Figs. 1, 2 and 4.
  • the smoke-stack is surrounded ata little distance by a tubular casing y having "near its upper end a series of small perforations, as shown in Fig.1, preferably formed by employing perforated steel plate for this upper portion of the casing.
  • the hot air passage may be variously constructed in order to cause the air passing through it to be heated from the hot products of combustion in the smoke-box.
  • One modified means for heating the air is to carry the passage Y around the outside of the smoke-box in the form of a jacket, as shown in Fig. 5.
  • the tubular jacket 1 around the stack is unchanged, but instead of communicating with a coil inside the smoke-box, it communicates at the bottom with a jacket Y extending annularlyaround the smoke-box W, so that the air in flowing around within this jacket is highly heated from the smokebox, and from the under side of the jacket, or other convenient location, the air is conducted away by a pipe or pipes 3 by which it is led to the relief-valve or valves.
  • FIGs. 6 and 7 Another construction is shown in Figs. 6 and 7.
  • the air is heated by being carried through coils within the smoke-box,but the arrangement of the coils is different from that first described, and in lieu of employing a single coil and branching it to supply the air to the relief valves on both sides of the locomotive, two separate coils are employed each independently supplying the relief valve on its own side.
  • the two heating coils lettered Y Y are arranged in the forward part of the smoke-box and on opposite sides so as to be out of the way of the blast from the exenters through these perforations and flows haust nozzle.
  • each coil is carried out through the top of the smoke-box, and has fitted on it astrainer '0, while its opposite end is carried downwardly and out through the side of the smoke-box, where it is coupled to a pipe g leading to the relief valve, which is here lettered B.
  • This figure also illustrates a modified arrangement of the relief valve, which, instead of being placed Within the casing V, is arranged exteriorly thereto, being screwed horizontally into the upper portion of the live steam passage, and the pipe f being joined directly to the casing of the relief valve.
  • My invention may be otherwise greatly modified without departing from its essential features. All that is necessary is, that an air pipe or passage shall be conducted through a suitable heater, in order that the air drawn through it may be heated in transit, and that such air pipe or passage shall terminate in communication with the relief valve,in order that when air is drawn in through the relief valve by the pumping action of the engine, the air so drawn in shall be heated in order not to chill the steam passages, valve chests and cylinders.

Description

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.
O. A. BALL.
LOGOMOTIVE ENGINE.
No. 520,839. Patented JQDG 5, 1894.
INVENTOR:
WITNESSES:
3 SheetsSheet 2-.
W0 Model.)
0. A. BALL. LOGOMOTIVE ENGINE.
Patented June 5 INVENTOR W 4 35 By his Aflomeys, W.&n.mm
& H Q J WITNESSES:
M wi
(No Model.) I a SheetsSheet 3.
G. A. BALL.
LOGOMOTIVE ENGINE. No. 520,839.- Patented June 5, 1894.
INVENTOR:
WITNESSES:
a??? @41 z g $11K,
By his Attorneys,
ms mmcmn. LITHOGRAFHING COMPANY.
wAsmNaYoN. a4 a.
' ings.
UNITED STATES CHARLES A. BALL, OF BROOKLYN, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO CHARLES H.
PATENT OFFICE.
GREEN, OF NEW ROCHELLE, AND I-IERMAN KNUBEL, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.
LOCOMOTlVE-ENGINE.
SPECIFICATION forming art of Letters Patent No. 520,839, dated June 5, 1894.
Application filed July 22,1893- To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, CHARLES A. BALL, a citizen of the United States, residing in Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Locomotive-Engines, of which the following is a specification.
In the running of a locomotive, whenever steam is shut off While the engine continues in motion, the action of the pistons moving in the cylinders is to exert a suction or pumping efiect tending to draw steam through the throttle and expel it at the exhaust nozzles. In engines having unbalanced slide valves, the suction thus created is largely overcome by the slight lifting of the valve from its seat, but in engines employing either piston valves or balanced slide valves, or any other construction of valves wherein such lifting of the valve from its seat is impossible, it is necessary to provide what is called a relief valve for relieving the suction by admitting air into the live steam passage leading to the steam chests or valve chests, so that the running of the engine acts to pump air in through these relief valves and expel it through the exhaust nozzles. The application of such relief valves overcomes the difficulty of the formation of a vacuum within the valve chests, but at the same time introduces a new difliculty, namely, that large volumes of cold air are drawn into the heated steam passages and steam chests, and flow through the cylinders, thereby seriously cooling them, so that by the contraction of the walls of the steam chests the joints between them and their covers are somewhat opened, thereby causing leakage, and when steam is again turned on, it condenses at a rapid rate within the steam passages, chests and cylinders, until these parts have been again heated up to the normal temperature, this condensation of steam not only causing a loss of power, but also being liable by the rapid accumulation of condensed water in the cylinders, to damage them, as by forcing off the cylinder heads or straining their fasten- The object of my invention is to overcome these disadvantages incident to the use of relief valves. To this end my invention provides that the air drawn in through the re- Serial No. 481,165- I (No model.)
lief valves shall be taken from a source of heated air, in order that the suction of the engine shall draw hot air through the valve chests and cylinders instead of cold air. By this means the steam passages, chests and cylinders, instead of being cooled, are maintained at approximately their normal temperature, so that when steam is again turned in, no unusual or undue condensation can result.
In carrying out my invention I utilize as a means for heating the air the hot gases or smoke traversing the smoke-box, to which end I arrange the air passage or passages co mmunicating with the relief valve or valves in conductive contact with the smoke-box, so that the heat from the contents thereof shall be communicated through the intermediate layer or septum to the air, the most convenient and practical construction being to arrange one or two coils of pipe in the smokebox where it will occupy the least available room, connecting one end of the coil with the relief valve and the other end with a suitable opening, protected by a strainer, through which to draw in the air. Instead of directly connecting the hot air pipe to the relief valve,
the preferable construction is to arrange the relief valve within the usual valve chest casing which incloses the valve chest for the purpose of keeping it hot and protecting it from contactwith the cold outer air, and to connect the hot air pipe to this casing so that it discharges the hot air into the chamber formed by this casing, from which chamber the hot air is drawn in through the relief valve.
Having thus given a general indication of the nature and object of my invention, I will now proceed to describe its practical application more in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure 1 is a side elevation of the forward part of a locomotive engine partially broken away in vertical mid-section Fig. 2 is a transverse section, the left half being cut in the planes denotedby the dotted lines 2-2 land the right half denoted by the lines 2-2 r in Fig. 1, the view being on a larger scale. Fig. 3 is a fragmentary transverse section on a still larger scale, through one of the cylinders and valve chests. Fig. 4 is a horizontal section of the forward part of the smoke-box in the plane of the line 44 in Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a fragmentary longitudinal mid-section of the smoke-box showing a modified construction. Fig. 6 is a transverse section through the smoke-box showing'a further modification. Fig. 7 is a longitudinal section through the smoke-box showing the same construction shown in Fig. 6.
The particular type of locomotive engine shown in the drawings is the balanced compound locomotive the construction of which" is shown in detailin my application filed July 3, 1893, Serial No. 479,540, for United States patent for improvements in compound locomotive engines. As the details of this compound locomotive engine have no relation to my present invention, they are not shown in the accompanying drawings. I would remark that my present invention is equally applicable to single expansion engines, and may advantageously be applied in connection with any construction of locomotive engine with which it is desirable to use relief valves.
Referring to the drawings, let A designate the high pressure cylinder and B the low pressure cylinder, A the high pressure valve chest and B the low pressure valve chest, and A in Fig. 3 the high pressure valve. Steam is taken from the boiler in the usual manner through a pipe I, which branches into two pipes I I leading through the smoke-box W, and communicating with live steam passages l 1 (Fig. 2) formed through the respective cylinder half-saddles J J, each passage 1" leading in the usual manner to the steam chest A of the high pressure cylinder, andopeningin communication with the high pressure valve A as shown in Fig. 3. Steam is admitted through this valve to the high pressure cylinder, the exhaust from this cylinder flowing into the low pressure valve chest 13', and through the low pressure valve to the low pressure cylinder, while the exhaust from this cylinder passes through the usual exhaust passage and escapes by the exhaust nozzle is, being directed up the stack in the usual manner.
All of the features thus far described are common to compound locomotivesof the type described in my aforesaid application, and require no detail description here.
According to the preferred form of my present invention, the valve chests A B are covered and inclosed by a valve chest casing V, which makes a substantially air-tight fit with the cylinder casting or top of the saddle J, and the relief-valve R, which is or may be of any ordinary construction, is arranged within this casing V, being screwed into a hole or opening 0" formed in the top of the saddle and communicating with the live steam passage 1 In the construction shown the relief valve R consists of a casing having a perforated top forming a strainer through which the air enters, and formed beneath this with a valve seat against which seats a valvedisk 0", which is normally drawn to its seat by a spring 4', as shown in Fig. 3, the valve constituting in substance a check-valve opening inwardly. A hot air pipe or passage, which as a whole is lettered Y, terminates in communication with the interiorof the casing V. In the preferred construction this hot air passage consists of a pipe coiled within the smoke-box WV, as shown at Y in Figs. 1, 2 and 4. The smoke-stack is surrounded ata little distance by a tubular casing y having "near its upper end a series of small perforations, as shown in Fig.1, preferably formed by employing perforated steel plate for this upper portion of the casing. When air is being drawn in through the relief-valve B, it
down through the annular space within the casing 1 whence at the base of the stack it enters the coil of pipe Y, as shown in Fig. 2, and circulates around through this coil until from the opposite end thereof it passes through a straight pipe y, which divides as shown in Fig. 4 into two branch pipes 11 .which pass out from opposite sides of the smoke-box and are coupled to branch pipes y which lead to the respective casings V. The air is somewhat heated in passing through thatportion of the passage Y which is within the casing 1 but is chiefly heated while passing around in the coil Y, so that when delivered finally from the hot air passage Y into the. casings V, it is highly heated, so much so that on passingin through the valve B it does not chill or cool the steam passages, valve chests or cylinders.
The hot air passage may be variously constructed in order to cause the air passing through it to be heated from the hot products of combustion in the smoke-box. One modified means for heating the air is to carry the passage Y around the outside of the smoke-box in the form of a jacket, as shown in Fig. 5. Here the tubular jacket 1 around the stack is unchanged, but instead of communicating with a coil inside the smoke-box, it communicates at the bottom with a jacket Y extending annularlyaround the smoke-box W, so that the air in flowing around within this jacket is highly heated from the smokebox, and from the under side of the jacket, or other convenient location, the air is conducted away by a pipe or pipes 3 by which it is led to the relief-valve or valves.
Another construction is shown in Figs. 6 and 7. Here the air is heated by being carried through coils within the smoke-box,but the arrangement of the coils is different from that first described, and in lieu of employing a single coil and branching it to supply the air to the relief valves on both sides of the locomotive, two separate coils are employed each independently supplying the relief valve on its own side. The two heating coils lettered Y Y are arranged in the forward part of the smoke-box and on opposite sides so as to be out of the way of the blast from the exenters through these perforations and flows haust nozzle. One end of each coil is carried out through the top of the smoke-box, and has fitted on it astrainer '0, while its opposite end is carried downwardly and out through the side of the smoke-box, where it is coupled to a pipe g leading to the relief valve, which is here lettered B. This figure also illustrates a modified arrangement of the relief valve, which, instead of being placed Within the casing V, is arranged exteriorly thereto, being screwed horizontally into the upper portion of the live steam passage, and the pipe f being joined directly to the casing of the relief valve.
My invention may be otherwise greatly modified without departing from its essential features. All that is necessary is, that an air pipe or passage shall be conducted through a suitable heater, in order that the air drawn through it may be heated in transit, and that such air pipe or passage shall terminate in communication with the relief valve,in order that when air is drawn in through the relief valve by the pumping action of the engine, the air so drawn in shall be heated in order not to chill the steam passages, valve chests and cylinders.
I claim as my invention the following-defined novel features, substantially as hereinbefore specified, namely:
1. The combination with a steam engine and relief valve of an air heating device communicating with said valve, whereby the suction of the engine draws hot air through the valve chest and cylinder.
2. The combination with a steam engine and relief valve of an air-passage communicatin g with said valve, and a heater traversed by said passage to heat the air therein, whereby the suction of the engine draws air through said passage and the air is heated before entering said valve.
3. In a locomotive, the combination with its cylinder, valve chest, relief-valve and smokebox, of an air-passage communicating with said valve and extended into conductive relation with the smoke-box for imparting heat from the contents thereof to the air drawn through said passage to the relief valve.
4. In alocomotive, the combination with its cylinder, valve chest, relief-valve and smokeheated air to the relief-valve.
6. In a locomotive, the combination with its cylinder, valve chest, relief-valve, smoke-box and stack, of a hot air passage communicating with said relief-valve, and constructed in part by a tubular casing inclosing the stack, and perforated near one end for the admission of air which is heated in passing through the space between said casing and the stack.
In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.
CHARLES A. BALL.
Witnesses:
ARTHUR C. FRASER, GEORGE H. FRASER.
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