US5202354A - Composition and method for reducing acetaldehyde toxicity - Google Patents

Composition and method for reducing acetaldehyde toxicity Download PDF

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US5202354A
US5202354A US07/839,265 US83926592A US5202354A US 5202354 A US5202354 A US 5202354A US 83926592 A US83926592 A US 83926592A US 5202354 A US5202354 A US 5202354A
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ascorbic acid
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Masayoshi Matsuoka
Go Kito
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Takeda Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A61K31/506—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
    • A61K31/51—Thiamines, e.g. vitamin B1

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a composition and method for reducing acetaldehyde toxicity, especially for preventing and relieving katzenjammer.
  • Katzenjammer or hangover which occurs on drinking, particularly on excessive drinking, is characterized by various manifestations such as skin flushes, hot sensation, chest distress, headache, dull headache, nausea, vomiting, breath odor, urinous odor, and so on, and at times is accompanied by cerebral edema, functional neuritis and other symptoms.
  • acetaldehyde which is a metabolic intermediate of alcohol, in the drinker's body. Therefore, it has been thought that reducing the blood level of acetaldehyde should help prevent and treat hangover symptoms, and further, contribute to the prevention and treatment of liver damage associated with acetaldehyde.
  • the present inventors found surprisingly that the addition of fursultiamine (TTFD), which is in common use as the so-called activated vitamin B 1 , to a basal mixture of L-cysteine and L-ascorbic acid results in a remarkably greater acetaldehyde-antagonizing effect as compared with the conventional ternary mixture of L-cysteine, L-ascorbic acid and thiamine hydrochloride. It was also found that the formulation containing activated vitamin B 1 increases mitocondrial acetaldehyde dehydrogenase activity in rats.
  • TTFD fursultiamine
  • ursodesoxycholic acid a cholagogue
  • L-cysteine L-ascorbic acid
  • fursultiamine results in a further potentiated antagonism against the anesthetic and lethal effects of acetaldehyde.
  • the present invention is the result of further investigations based on the above findings.
  • the present invention is therefore directed to a composition for reducing acetaldehyde toxicity comprising, as combined active components, an effective amount of (a) a compound of the formula: ##STR2## wherein R is hydrogen or an acyl group; R' is thiol or sulfonic (sulfo) group; and n is an integer of 1 or 2, (b) ascorbic acid or a salt thereof and (c) a disulfide type thiamine derivative or a salt thereof, and to a method for reducing acetaldehyde toxicity which comprises administering to human subjects, before and/or after drinking, an effective amount of a composition comprising the components as defined above.
  • the acyl group denoted by R is exemplified by lower alkyl (C 1-4 )carbonyl groups such as acetyl, propionyl and so on.
  • the L-form compound (I) is preferably employed but the racemic compound may also be used.
  • examples of (I) include L-cysteine, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, L-homocysteine, L-cysteic acid and L-homocysteic acid and the corresponding racemates.
  • the compound (I) may be a mineral acid salt such as L-cysteine hydrochloride or an alkali metal salt such as sodium L-cysteinate. Preferred is L-cysteine.
  • the ascorbic acid mentioned above may be L-ascorbic acid.
  • the salt of ascorbic acid includes such physiologically acceptable salts as the alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts, for example, the sodium salt, calcium salt and so on.
  • the disulfide type thiamine derivative may be any of the known active vitamin B 1 compounds having the S--S linkage in the molecule.
  • the following compounds may be mentioned.
  • Thiamine disulfide and its derivatives such as thiamine disulfide (TDS), bisbentiamine (BTDS), bisbutitiamine (Bu-TDS), bisibutiamine and so on.
  • Thiamine alkyl disulfide derivatives such as prosultiamine (TPD), fursultiamine (TTFD), octotiamine (TATD) and so on.
  • said thiamine compound may be used either in its free form or as a physiologically acceptable salt such as hydrochloride, nitrate and other mineral acid salts. It should be understood that since the thiamine compound may interact with said compound (I), the formulation is made so as to avoid direct contact of the two compounds.
  • a cholagogue is added to the above 3-component formulation to provide a product having a still improved acetaldehyde-detoxicating effect.
  • the cholagogue is exemplified by ursodesoxycholic acid, dehydrocholic acid, osalmid(hydroxyphenyl salicylamide), phenylpropanol, anethole trithione, cyclobutyrol calcium, cyclobutyrol, hymecromone, trepibutone, chenodeoxycholic acid, etc. but is not limited to those mentioned.
  • any component having hepatic circulation increasing activity or liver function improving activity can be employed.
  • the use of cholic acid derivatives having steroid nuclei, particularly ursodesoxycholic acid is preferred.
  • the position having acetaldehyde-detoxicating effect of the present invention is not limited to a composition consisting of the above-mentioned three components or four components. If necessary, various vitamins and the like, such as calcium pantothenate, nicotinamide, riboflavine, tocopherol acetate, etc., may be added to the composition.
  • composition according to the present invention can be orally administered to human subjects.
  • dosage forms tablets, granules, capsules and other optional forms can be provided.
  • the established pharmaceutical procedures such as sugar coating, granulation, etc. can be employed.
  • solid preparations may be produced using excipients such as lactose, starch, crystalline cellulose, potassium hydrogen phosphate, etc., lubricants such as magnesium stearate, talc, etc., and binders such as starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, and so on.
  • a sugar-coated tablet containing one of the components in the plain tablet core and the other in the sugar coat may be provided.
  • Alternative methods include the method which comprises granulating these components into independent granules and blending them, the method which comprises coating some of the granules and tableting them with the remaining granules, and the nucleation tableting method in which the two components are formed into the core and the outer layer, respectively.
  • the dosage of each component may be selected generally from the following ranges.
  • the above daily dose is administered before and/or after drinking, or preferably before and after drinking in two divided doses.
  • the composition according to the present invention has activity to effectively lower the blood concentration of acetaldehyde. Therefore, it is of considerable value as a therapeutic and prophylactic composition for katzenjammer associated with drinking, or further as an acetaldehyde-detoxicating agent.
  • the composition has remarkably low acute toxicity (LD 50 orally in rats: >5000mg/kg).
  • Rats (body weights 250-280 g) fasted for 18 hours were previously dosed orally with each of test compositions Formula A to Formula G as shown in below.
  • Control group received a corresponding volume of saline by the same route.
  • acetaldehyde (1370 mg/kg) was orally administered to the rats and the effect of Formula A to Formula G on the anesthetic and lethal effects of acetaldehyde was observed.
  • Sugar-coated tablets prepared according to the under-mentioned formula were administered orally to human subjects for a clinicopharmacological study (hereinafter referred to briefly as the drinking test) using the blood ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations and the time course of hangover symptoms after alcohol loading as indicators.
  • the drug was administered (3 tablets per dose) in 2 doses, one hour before initiation of drinking and two hours after initiation of drinking.
  • the results are given in Table 5
  • plain tablets were first prepared using the following ingredients in the following amounts per 6 tablets.
  • the plain tablets were sugar-coated with a syrup and a spray composition containing 25 mg (per 6 tablets; the same applies hereinafter) of fursultiamine hydrochloride to give sugar-coated tablets.
  • plain tablets were first prepared using the following ingredients in the following amounts per 6 tablets. Then, in a coating pan, the plain tablets were sugarcoated with a syrup and a spray composition containing 50 mg of fursultiamine hydrochloride to give sugar-coated tablets.
  • the plain tablets were sugar-coated with a syrup and a spray composition containing 50 mg of fursultiamine hydrochloride to give sugar-coated tablets.
  • plain tablets were prepared using the following ingredients in the following amounts per 6 tablets.
  • a coating pan In a coating pan, the above plain tablets were coated with a syrup and a spray composition containing 25 mg of fursultiamine hydrochloride to give sugar-coated tablets.
  • plain tablets were first prepared using the following ingredients in the following amounts per 6 tablets.
  • these plain tablets were coated with a syrup and a spray composition containing 25 mg of fursultiamine hydrochloride to give sugar-coated tablets.
  • plain tablets were first prepared using the following ingredients in the following amounts per 6 tablets.
  • these plain tablets were coated with a syrup and a spray composition containing 34.3 mg of fursultiamine hydrochloride to give sugar-coated tablets.

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Abstract

A novel composition and method are disclosed for reducing acetaldehyde toxicity, especially for preventing and relieving hangover symptoms in humans. The composition comprises (a) a compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or an acyl group; R' is thiol or sulfonic group; and n is an integer of 1 or 2, (b) ascorbic acid or a salt thereof and (c) a disulfide type thiamine derivative or a salt thereof. The composition is orally administered, preferably in the form of tablets.

Description

This application is a continuation of now abandoned application Ser. No. 07/013,443 filed Feb. 10, 1987 now abandoned.
The present invention relates to a composition and method for reducing acetaldehyde toxicity, especially for preventing and relieving katzenjammer.
Katzenjammer or hangover which occurs on drinking, particularly on excessive drinking, is characterized by various manifestations such as skin flushes, hot sensation, chest distress, headache, dull headache, nausea, vomiting, breath odor, urinous odor, and so on, and at times is accompanied by cerebral edema, functional neuritis and other symptoms.
Currently, against such symptoms as heaviness in the stomach, nausea, heart-burn, etc., various gastrointestinal remedies, crude drugs, etc. are generally ingested in hopes of relieving the uncomfortable symptoms.
It is generally acknowledged that a hangover is mainly caused by unmetabolized residues of acetaldehyde, which is a metabolic intermediate of alcohol, in the drinker's body. Therefore, it has been thought that reducing the blood level of acetaldehyde should help prevent and treat hangover symptoms, and further, contribute to the prevention and treatment of liver damage associated with acetaldehyde.
For example, Herbert Sprince et al. studied the antagonistic effects of various drugs against the anesthetic and lethal effects of acetaldehyde in animals and reported that a combination of L-ascorbic acid, L-cysteine, and thiamine hydrochloride exhibits an excellent antagonizing effect against acetaldehyde toxicity. [Agents and Actions, Vol. 5/2, pp. 164-173 (1975)]. Today, in view of the high frequency of drinking in daily life and the increasing consumption of alcohol, a need has been keenly felt for the development of an etiotropically effective medication for the prevention and treatment of hangover symptoms apparently associated with the toxic action of acetaldehyde.
The present inventors found surprisingly that the addition of fursultiamine (TTFD), which is in common use as the so-called activated vitamin B1, to a basal mixture of L-cysteine and L-ascorbic acid results in a remarkably greater acetaldehyde-antagonizing effect as compared with the conventional ternary mixture of L-cysteine, L-ascorbic acid and thiamine hydrochloride. It was also found that the formulation containing activated vitamin B1 increases mitocondrial acetaldehyde dehydrogenase activity in rats. Further, the present inventors found that the addition of ursodesoxycholic acid, a cholagogue, to the above formula of L-cysteine, L-ascorbic acid and fursultiamine results in a further potentiated antagonism against the anesthetic and lethal effects of acetaldehyde.
The present invention is the result of further investigations based on the above findings.
The present invention is therefore directed to a composition for reducing acetaldehyde toxicity comprising, as combined active components, an effective amount of (a) a compound of the formula: ##STR2## wherein R is hydrogen or an acyl group; R' is thiol or sulfonic (sulfo) group; and n is an integer of 1 or 2, (b) ascorbic acid or a salt thereof and (c) a disulfide type thiamine derivative or a salt thereof, and to a method for reducing acetaldehyde toxicity which comprises administering to human subjects, before and/or after drinking, an effective amount of a composition comprising the components as defined above.
Referring to the above general formula (I), the acyl group denoted by R is exemplified by lower alkyl (C1-4)carbonyl groups such as acetyl, propionyl and so on. In the present invention, the L-form compound (I) is preferably employed but the racemic compound may also be used. Examples of (I) include L-cysteine, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, L-homocysteine, L-cysteic acid and L-homocysteic acid and the corresponding racemates. Moreover, the compound (I) may be a mineral acid salt such as L-cysteine hydrochloride or an alkali metal salt such as sodium L-cysteinate. Preferred is L-cysteine.
The ascorbic acid mentioned above may be L-ascorbic acid. The salt of ascorbic acid includes such physiologically acceptable salts as the alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts, for example, the sodium salt, calcium salt and so on.
The disulfide type thiamine derivative may be any of the known active vitamin B1 compounds having the S--S linkage in the molecule. For example, the following compounds may be mentioned. (i) Thiamine disulfide and its derivatives, such as thiamine disulfide (TDS), bisbentiamine (BTDS), bisbutitiamine (Bu-TDS), bisibutiamine and so on. (ii) Thiamine alkyl disulfide derivatives, such as prosultiamine (TPD), fursultiamine (TTFD), octotiamine (TATD) and so on.
In the present invention, said thiamine compound may be used either in its free form or as a physiologically acceptable salt such as hydrochloride, nitrate and other mineral acid salts. It should be understood that since the thiamine compound may interact with said compound (I), the formulation is made so as to avoid direct contact of the two compounds.
In a further aspect of the present invention, a cholagogue is added to the above 3-component formulation to provide a product having a still improved acetaldehyde-detoxicating effect.
The cholagogue is exemplified by ursodesoxycholic acid, dehydrocholic acid, osalmid(hydroxyphenyl salicylamide), phenylpropanol, anethole trithione, cyclobutyrol calcium, cyclobutyrol, hymecromone, trepibutone, chenodeoxycholic acid, etc. but is not limited to those mentioned. Thus, any component having hepatic circulation increasing activity or liver function improving activity can be employed. In the practice of the present invention, the use of cholic acid derivatives having steroid nuclei, particularly ursodesoxycholic acid, is preferred.
The position having acetaldehyde-detoxicating effect of the present invention is not limited to a composition consisting of the above-mentioned three components or four components. If necessary, various vitamins and the like, such as calcium pantothenate, nicotinamide, riboflavine, tocopherol acetate, etc., may be added to the composition.
The composition according to the present invention can be orally administered to human subjects. As to dosage forms, tablets, granules, capsules and other optional forms can be provided. For the manufacture of such preparations, the established pharmaceutical procedures such as sugar coating, granulation, etc. can be employed. Thus, solid preparations may be produced using excipients such as lactose, starch, crystalline cellulose, potassium hydrogen phosphate, etc., lubricants such as magnesium stearate, talc, etc., and binders such as starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, and so on. In the case of a preparation containing the compound (I) and a pharmaceutically active substance which would interact therewith, such as a disulfide type thiamine derivative, a sugar-coated tablet containing one of the components in the plain tablet core and the other in the sugar coat may be provided. Alternative methods include the method which comprises granulating these components into independent granules and blending them, the method which comprises coating some of the granules and tableting them with the remaining granules, and the nucleation tableting method in which the two components are formed into the core and the outer layer, respectively.
The dosage of each component may be selected generally from the following ranges.
(a) Compound (I)
About 150 to 300 mg/day (about 150 to 300 parts by weight
(b) Ascorbic acid or a salt thereof (as free ascorbic acid)
About 250 to 2000 mg/day(about 250 to 2000 p by weight)
(c) A disulfide type thiamine derivative or a salt thereof (as free compound)
About 20 to 100 mg/day (about 20 to 100 parts by weight)
(d) A cholagogue
About 20 to 150 mg/day (about 20 to 150 parts by weight)
The above daily dose is administered before and/or after drinking, or preferably before and after drinking in two divided doses.
The composition according to the present invention has activity to effectively lower the blood concentration of acetaldehyde. Therefore, it is of considerable value as a therapeutic and prophylactic composition for katzenjammer associated with drinking, or further as an acetaldehyde-detoxicating agent. The composition has remarkably low acute toxicity (LD50 orally in rats: >5000mg/kg).
EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE I
Rats (body weights 250-280 g) fasted for 18 hours were previously dosed orally with each of test compositions Formula A to Formula G as shown in below. Control group received a corresponding volume of saline by the same route. After a predetermined time (45-60 min ), acetaldehyde (1370 mg/kg) was orally administered to the rats and the effect of Formula A to Formula G on the anesthetic and lethal effects of acetaldehyde was observed.
When 1370 mg/kg of acetaldehyde was administered without prior treatment with the test compositions, the rats (control group) fell into anesthesia within several minutes, and then developed dyspnea and the like and 90% of them died within 1 to 6 hours.
______________________________________                                    
                             Dosage                                       
Formula    Components        (mg/kg)                                      
______________________________________                                    
A          Fursultiamine hydrochloride                                    
                             100                                          
           L-Ascorbic acid   352                                          
           L-Cysteine        169                                          
B          Thiamine hydrochloride                                         
                             100                                          
           L-Ascorbic acid   352                                          
           L-Cysteine        169                                          
C          L-Ascorbic acid   352                                          
           L-Cysteine        169                                          
D          Fursultiamine hydrochloride                                    
                              50                                          
           L-Ascorbic acid   352                                          
           L-Cysteine        169                                          
E          Fursultiamine hydrochloride                                    
                              20                                          
           L-Ascorbic acid   352                                          
           L-Cysteine        169                                          
F          Fursultiamine hydrochloride                                    
                              50                                          
           Ursodesoxycholic acid                                          
                              30                                          
           L-Ascorbic acid   352                                          
           L-Cysteine        169                                          
G          Fursultiamine hydrochloride                                    
                              20                                          
           Ursodesoxycholic acid                                          
                              30                                          
           L-Ascorbic acid   352                                          
           L-Cysteine        169                                          
______________________________________                                    
 Note:                                                                    
 Formulas B and C are a formulation for comparision.
(1) The results with Formula A, B and C are shown in Table 1.
              TABLE 1                                                     
______________________________________                                    
Antagonistic Effects of Formula A, B and C on the                         
anesthetic and lethal effects of acetaldehyde                             
                 Mortality (%)                                            
Formula  Anesthesia (%)                                                   
                       After 1 hr                                         
                                 After 6 hr                               
______________________________________                                    
Control  81.2 (69/85)  89.4 (76/85)                                       
                                 90.6 (77/85)                             
A        35.2 (19/54)  33.3 (18/54)                                       
                                 35.2 (19/54)                             
B        60.0 (21/35)  62.9 (22/35)                                       
                                 71.4 (25/35)                             
C        74.3 (26/35)  60.0 (21/35)                                       
                                 74.3 (26/35)                             
______________________________________                                    
 (): responsive cases/cases used
It will be apparent from Table 1 that whereas Formula C consisting of L-cysteine and L-ascorbic acid and Formula B consisting of Formula C plus thiamine hydrochloride are equivalent in effect, with the mortality due to acetaldehyde being approximately 70%, Formula A consisting of C plus fursultiamine showed a significantly superior antagonizing effect with a mortality of 35%.
The above results indicate that fursultiamine hydrochloride is more effective than thiamine hydrochloride.
(2) The results with Formulas D and E are shown in Table 2.
              TABLE 2                                                     
______________________________________                                    
Antagonistic Effects of Formula D and E on the                            
anesthetic and lethal effects of acetaldehyde                             
               Mortality (%)                                              
Formula                                                                   
       Anesthesia (%)                                                     
                     After 1 hr After 6 hr                                
______________________________________                                    
Control  83.2 (79/85)   90.5 (86/95)                                      
                                  91.5 (87/95)                            
D        40.0 (8/20)   30.0 (6/20)                                        
                                 35.0 (7/20)                              
E        60.0 (12/20)  45.0 (9/20)                                        
                                 45.0 (9/20)                              
______________________________________                                    
 (): responsive cases/cases used
In view of the confirmed effectiveness of fursultiamine hydrochloride in the above investigation (1), a dosage-finding study was conducted. It will be apparent from Table 2 that Formula D containing 50 mg/kg was as effective as Formula A containing 100 mg/kg and that even Formula E containing only 20 mg/kg showed a satisfactory result with a mortality of 45%. It is, therefore, considered that the use of fursultiamine hydrochloride is fully effective at the level of addition of 20 mg/kg.
(3) The results with Formulas F and G are shown in Table 3.
              TABLE 3                                                     
______________________________________                                    
Antagonistic Effects of Formula F and G on the                            
anesthetic and lethal effects of acetaldehyde                             
               Mortality (%)                                              
Formula Anesthesia (%)                                                    
                    After 1 hr    After 6 hr                              
______________________________________                                    
Control  84.8 (89/105)                                                    
                     90.4 (95/105)                                        
                                   91.4 (96/105)                          
F       32.0 (8/25) 28.0 (7/25)   28.0 (7/25)                             
G       32.0 (8/25) 32.0 (8/25)   40.0 (10/25)                            
______________________________________                                    
 (): responsive cases/cases used
The effect of addition of the cholagogue ursodesoxycholic acid to Formulas D and E was investigated. It will be apparent from Table 3 that Formulas F and G each supplemented with 30 mg/kg of ursodesoxycholic acid showed results more favorable than Formulas D and E.
(4) As a conclusion, a ternary composition of L-cysteine, L-ascorbic acid and fursultiamine hydrochloride antagonized the anesthetic and lethal effects of acetaldehyde. It was further found that the addition of ursodesoxycholic acid, producing an increase in hepatic blood flow and an improvement in liver function, to the above ternary composition results in a further potent antagonistic effect.
The fact that the excellent antagonistic action of the present drug on the anesthetic and lethal effects of acetaldehyde was thus demonstrated in animal experiments suggest the likelihood that the drug is also effective in the prevention and treatment of hangover symptoms in man wherein acetaldehyde is primarily involved.
EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE II
The same experiment as Experimental Example I was carried out with each of test compositions Formula H and I and the results obtained are shown in Table 4.
______________________________________                                    
                           Dosage                                         
Formula     Components     (mg/kg)                                        
______________________________________                                    
H           bisibutiamine   50                                            
            L-ascorbic acid                                               
                           352                                            
            L-cysteine     169                                            
I           bisbentiamine (BTDS)                                          
                            50                                            
            L-ascorbic acid                                               
                           352                                            
            L-cysteine     169                                            
______________________________________                                    

              TABLE 4                                                     
______________________________________                                    
Antagonistic Effects of Formula H and I on the                            
anesthetic and lethal effects of acetaldehyde                             
                 Mortality (%)                                            
Formula  Anesthesia (%)                                                   
                       After 1 hr                                         
                                 After 6 Hr                               
______________________________________                                    
Control   100 (30/30)   100 (30/30)                                       
                                  100 (30/30)                             
H        40.0 (12/30)  33.3 (10/30)                                       
                                 46.7 (14/30)                             
I        43.3 (13/30)  43.3 (13/30)                                       
                                 50.0 (15/30)                             
______________________________________                                    
 (): responsive cases/cases used
EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE III
Sugar-coated tablets prepared according to the under-mentioned formula were administered orally to human subjects for a clinicopharmacological study (hereinafter referred to briefly as the drinking test) using the blood ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations and the time course of hangover symptoms after alcohol loading as indicators.
______________________________________                                    
Formula          Amount                                                   
______________________________________                                    
L-Cysteine       240 mg                                                   
L-Ascorbic acid  500 mg                                                   
Fursultiamine     25 mg                                                   
Ursodesoxycholic acid                                                     
                  30 mg                                                   
                 (in 6 tablets)                                           
______________________________________
(1) Healthy volunteers which had abstained from drinking for 24 hours prior to the study were instructed to drink 2 g/kg of alcohol whisky diluted with carbonated water) in about an hour and the subsequent course of blood ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations was investigated. The time course of hangover symptoms (hot flushes, heat sensation, chest distress, headache, dull headache, nausea, etc.) was also monitored.
For an objective assessment of effects, the study was conducted in a single blind cross-over design using the active drug and its placebo.
The drug was administered (3 tablets per dose) in 2 doses, one hour before initiation of drinking and two hours after initiation of drinking. The results are given in Table 5
It will be apparent from Table 5 that whereas no difference was found between active drug and placebo in blood ethanol concentration, the blood acetaldehyde level showed an overt decrease with the active drug as compared to the placebo. In correspondence with the decrease in blood acetaldehyde concentration, such hangover symptoms as hot flushes, heat sensation, chest distress, headache, dull headache, nausea, breath odor based probably on aldol component and urinous odor were also abated.
              TABLE 5                                                     
______________________________________                                    
Drinking Test                                                             
Time                                                                      
after                                                                     
initi-                                                                    
ation of                                                                  
drinking                                                                  
       Para-   CH.sub.3 CHO                                               
                         C.sub.2 H.sub.5 OH                               
                                CH.sub.3 CHO                              
                                        C.sub.2 H.sub.5 OH                
(min.) meter   (μM/l) (mM/l) (μM/l)                                 
                                        (mM/l)                            
______________________________________                                    
           52-year-old    48-year-old                                     
Subject    male (M.M)     male (F.N)                                      
______________________________________                                    
 60    Place-  4.28      43.82  4.80    36.82                             
240    bo      4.35      32.82  4.09    18.88                             
300            3.13      31.60  4.03    17.91                             
 60    Active  2.75      46.77  2.62    39.20                             
240    drug    3.07      32.60  1.79    29.08                             
300            2.88      29.52  2.68    29.14                             
______________________________________                                    
           35-year-old    24-year-old                                     
Subject    male (K.Y)     male (T.Y)                                      
______________________________________                                    
 60    Place-  7.91      34.60  5.95    22.28                             
240    bo      4.53      24.76  5.17    23.52                             
300            4.66      22.40  6.81    23.31                             
 60    Active  4.72      33.50  3.36    12.52                             
240    drug    3.89      23.60  4.68    20.55                             
300            3.95      19.08  5.86    15.10                             
______________________________________                                    
           24-year-old    30-year-old                                     
Subject    male (H.T)     male (T.F)                                      
______________________________________                                    
 60    Place-  4.31      23.60  16.17   18.68                             
240    bo      3.76      28.51  36.22   27.71                             
300            3.45      19.57  19.19   23.61                             
 60    Active  3.36      15.22  12.02   14.70                             
240    drug    2.80      21.56  7.99    52.95                             
300            6.14      35.57  7.32    33.75                             
______________________________________                                    
           35-year-old                                                    
Subject    male (T.A)                                                     
______________________________________                                    
 60    Place-  33.42     24.75                                            
240    bo      8.30      32.65                                            
300            21.43     36.77                                            
 60    Active  20.93     38.47                                            
240    drug    7.60      37.52                                            
300            9.48      42.51                                            
______________________________________
The above Experimental Examples I, II and III revealed the following. The formulation consisting of L-cysteine, L-ascorbic acid, fursultiamine hydrochloride and ursodesoxycholic acid has proved to have detoxicating effects against the toxicity of acetaldehyde which is said to be a primary cause of hangover symptoms in animal experiments. Further, in the clinicopharmacological study in healthy volunteers, the above formulation promoted clearance of blood acetaldehyde to thereby display prophylactic and therapeutic effects against hangover symptoms.
EXAMPLE 1
By means of a compression tableting machine, plain tablets were first prepared using the following ingredients in the following amounts per 6 tablets.
______________________________________                                    
Ascorbic acid     500 mg                                                  
L-Cysteine        240 mg                                                  
Starch            280 mg                                                  
Lactose           500 mg                                                  
Magnesium stearate                                                        
                   10 mg                                                  
______________________________________
Then, in a coating pan, the plain tablets were sugar-coated with a syrup and a spray composition containing 25 mg (per 6 tablets; the same applies hereinafter) of fursultiamine hydrochloride to give sugar-coated tablets.
EXAMPLE 2
By means of a compression tableting machine, plain tablets were first prepared using the following ingredients in the following amounts per 6 tablets. Then, in a coating pan, the plain tablets were sugarcoated with a syrup and a spray composition containing 50 mg of fursultiamine hydrochloride to give sugar-coated tablets.
______________________________________                                    
Ascorbic acid     500 mg                                                  
L-Cysteine        240 mg                                                  
Starch            250 mg                                                  
Lactose           500 mg                                                  
Magnesium stearate                                                        
                   10 mg                                                  
______________________________________
Then, in a coating pan, the plain tablets were sugar-coated with a syrup and a spray composition containing 50 mg of fursultiamine hydrochloride to give sugar-coated tablets.
EXAMPLE 3
By means of a compression tableting machine, plain tablets were prepared using the following ingredients in the following amounts per 6 tablets.
______________________________________                                    
Ascorbic acid     250 mg                                                  
L-Cysteine        240 mg                                                  
Starch            530 mg                                                  
Lactose           500 mg                                                  
Magnesium stearate                                                        
                   10 mg                                                  
______________________________________
In a coating pan, the above plain tablets were coated with a syrup and a spray composition containing 25 mg of fursultiamine hydrochloride to give sugar-coated tablets.
EXAMPLE 4
By means of a compression tableting machine, plain tablets were first prepared using the following ingredients in the following amounts per 6 tablets.
______________________________________                                    
Ascorbic acid     500 mg                                                  
L-Cysteine        240 mg                                                  
Ursodesoxycholic acid                                                     
                   30 mg                                                  
Starch            250 mg                                                  
Lactose           500 mg                                                  
Magnesium stearate                                                        
                   10 mg                                                  
______________________________________
In a coating pan, these plain tablets were coated with a syrup and a spray composition containing 25 mg of fursultiamine hydrochloride to give sugar-coated tablets.
EXAMPLE 5
By means of a compression tableting machine, plain tablets were first prepared using the following ingredients in the following amounts per 6 tablets.
______________________________________                                    
Ascorbic acid     500 mg                                                  
L-Cysteine        240 mg                                                  
Ursodesoxycholic acid                                                     
                   30 mg                                                  
Starch            240 mg                                                  
Lactose           500 mg                                                  
Magnesium stearate                                                        
                   10 mg                                                  
______________________________________
In a coating pan, these plain tablets were coated with a syrup and a spray composition containing 34.3 mg of fursultiamine hydrochloride to give sugar-coated tablets.

Claims (7)

What is claimed is:
1. A composition for reducing acetaldehyde toxicity associated with drinking alcohol which comprises, as combined active components, an effective amount of
(a) a compound of the formula: ##STR3## wherein R is hydrogen or an alkylcarbonyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety; R' is a thiol or sulfonic group; and n is an integer of 1 or 2,
(b) ascorbic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, and
(c) a member selected from the group consisting of thiamine disulfide, bisbentiamine, bisbutitiamine, bisibutiamine, prosultiamine, fursultiamine, octotiamine and a physiologically acceptable salt thereof.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises (d) a chalagogue.
3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the component (a) is in an amount of about 150 to 300 parts by weight, the component (b) is in an amount of about 250 to 2000 parts by weight and the component (c) is in an amount of about 20 to 100 parts by weight.
4. The composition of claim 2, wherein the component (a) is in an amount of about 150 to 300 parts by weight, the component (b) is in an amount of about 250 to 2000 parts by weight, the component (c) is in an amount of about 20 to 100 parts by weight and the component (d) is in an amount of about 20 to 150 parts by weight.
5. A method for reducing acetaldehyde toxicity, which comprises administering to human subjects, before and/or after drinking alcohol, an effective amount of a composition comprising:
(a) a compound of the formula: ##STR4## wherein R is hydrogen or an alkylcarbonyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety; R' is a thiol or sulfonic group; and n is an integer of 1 or 2,
(b) ascorbic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, and
(c) a member selected from the group consisting of thiamine disulfide, bixbentiamine, bisbutitiamine, bisibutiamine, prosultiamine, fursultiamine, octotiamine and a physiologically acceptable salt thereof.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the composition is orally administered in a pharmaceutically effective dose before and/or after drinking alcohol.
7. A composition for inhibiting or relieving hangover symptoms resulting from drinking alcohol, which comprises, as combined active components, an effective amount of
(a) a compound of the formula: ##STR5## wherein R is hydrogen or an alkylcarbonyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety; R' is a thiol or sulfonic group; and n is an integer of 1 or 2,
(b) ascorbic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, and
(c) a member selected from the group consisting of thiamine disulfide, bisbentiamine, bisbutitiamine, bisibutiamine, prosultiamine, fursultiamine, octotiamine and a physiologically acceptable salt thereof.
US07/839,265 1986-02-18 1992-02-21 Composition and method for reducing acetaldehyde toxicity Expired - Lifetime US5202354A (en)

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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001051016A1 (en) * 2000-01-07 2001-07-19 Arthur Vanmoor A method of treating an ailment by enhancing the effectiveness of the human immune system
US6476073B1 (en) * 2000-11-21 2002-11-05 Arthur Vanmoor Method of treating a hangover by enhancing the effectiveness of the human immune system
US6686336B2 (en) 2000-02-08 2004-02-03 Federal Government As Represented By The Department Of Veterans Affaires N-terminal D(-)-penicillamine peptides as aldehyde sequestration agents
US20050267042A1 (en) * 2000-10-30 2005-12-01 Mikko Salaspuro Method and preparation for binding acetaldehyde in saliva, stomach and large intestine
US20080000489A1 (en) * 2000-10-30 2008-01-03 Biohit Oyj Method and preparation for binding aldehydes in saliva
US20080166394A1 (en) * 2005-04-01 2008-07-10 Biohit Oy J Food Composition for Binding Acetaldehyde in the Mouth and in Digestive Track and Method for Preparation of the Composition
US20110171296A1 (en) * 2000-10-30 2011-07-14 Biohit Oyj Method and preparation for binding acetaldehyde in saliva, the stomach and the large intestine
US8377907B1 (en) 2011-02-21 2013-02-19 William A. Halamicek, III Compositions for treating alcohol hangover
WO2013178880A1 (en) 2012-05-28 2013-12-05 Biohit Oyj Composition for preventing headaches
CN103936922A (en) * 2014-04-11 2014-07-23 西北师范大学 6-purinethol copolymer with antitumor activity and preparation method thereof
WO2014140410A1 (en) 2013-03-12 2014-09-18 Biohit Oyj Composition for oral administration for binding aldehydes in the gastrointestinal tract
WO2014140411A1 (en) 2013-03-12 2014-09-18 Biohit Oyj Encapsulated composition for binding aldehydes in the stomach
WO2015132472A1 (en) 2014-03-06 2015-09-11 Biohit Oyj Composition for binding aldehydes and free radicals in the gastrointestinal tract
US20210085746A1 (en) * 2019-09-19 2021-03-25 Herbert Nagasawa Method for preventing or treating hangover symptom(s) associated with consumption of alcoholic beverage(s)

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US4528295A (en) * 1983-08-15 1985-07-09 Boris Tabakoff Composition and method for reducing blood acetaldehyde levels
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Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001051016A1 (en) * 2000-01-07 2001-07-19 Arthur Vanmoor A method of treating an ailment by enhancing the effectiveness of the human immune system
US6686336B2 (en) 2000-02-08 2004-02-03 Federal Government As Represented By The Department Of Veterans Affaires N-terminal D(-)-penicillamine peptides as aldehyde sequestration agents
US9474733B2 (en) * 2000-10-30 2016-10-25 Biohit Oyj Method and preparation for binding acetaldehyde in saliva, stomach and large intestine
US20050267042A1 (en) * 2000-10-30 2005-12-01 Mikko Salaspuro Method and preparation for binding acetaldehyde in saliva, stomach and large intestine
US20080000489A1 (en) * 2000-10-30 2008-01-03 Biohit Oyj Method and preparation for binding aldehydes in saliva
US20110171296A1 (en) * 2000-10-30 2011-07-14 Biohit Oyj Method and preparation for binding acetaldehyde in saliva, the stomach and the large intestine
US6476073B1 (en) * 2000-11-21 2002-11-05 Arthur Vanmoor Method of treating a hangover by enhancing the effectiveness of the human immune system
US20080166394A1 (en) * 2005-04-01 2008-07-10 Biohit Oy J Food Composition for Binding Acetaldehyde in the Mouth and in Digestive Track and Method for Preparation of the Composition
US8227513B2 (en) 2005-04-01 2012-07-24 Biohit Oyj Food composition for binding acetaldehyde in mouth and in digestive track, and method for the preparation of the composition
US8377907B1 (en) 2011-02-21 2013-02-19 William A. Halamicek, III Compositions for treating alcohol hangover
WO2013178880A1 (en) 2012-05-28 2013-12-05 Biohit Oyj Composition for preventing headaches
WO2014140410A1 (en) 2013-03-12 2014-09-18 Biohit Oyj Composition for oral administration for binding aldehydes in the gastrointestinal tract
WO2014140411A1 (en) 2013-03-12 2014-09-18 Biohit Oyj Encapsulated composition for binding aldehydes in the stomach
US20160022621A1 (en) * 2013-03-12 2016-01-28 Biohit Oyj Composition for oral administration for binding aldehydes in the gastrointestinal tract
WO2015132472A1 (en) 2014-03-06 2015-09-11 Biohit Oyj Composition for binding aldehydes and free radicals in the gastrointestinal tract
CN103936922A (en) * 2014-04-11 2014-07-23 西北师范大学 6-purinethol copolymer with antitumor activity and preparation method thereof
US20210085746A1 (en) * 2019-09-19 2021-03-25 Herbert Nagasawa Method for preventing or treating hangover symptom(s) associated with consumption of alcoholic beverage(s)
US11717554B2 (en) * 2019-09-19 2023-08-08 Max R&D Llc Method for preventing or treating hangover symptom(s) associated with consumption of alcoholic beverage(s)

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