US519330A - Carl wilhelm adolf hertel - Google Patents
Carl wilhelm adolf hertel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US519330A US519330A US519330DA US519330A US 519330 A US519330 A US 519330A US 519330D A US519330D A US 519330DA US 519330 A US519330 A US 519330A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- zinc
- cylinder
- copper
- carbon
- vessel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 44
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 44
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 44
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 38
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 36
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 36
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L Chromic acid Chemical compound O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001172 regenerating Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000284 resting Effects 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbonic acid Chemical class OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000345822 Cylindera <genus> Species 0.000 description 2
- 210000001364 Upper Extremity Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002999 depolarising Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010454 slate Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the galvanic elements known up to the present time have a great number of defects of which the principal are imperfect working when a powerful effect is to be produced, the short life of the cell before replenishing and the requirement of a long time for regenerating the battery.
- the powerful elements as Bunsen elements or those filled with chromic acid orsimilar highly volatile acids render ittimpossible to put up a galvanic battery inside inhabited places.
- the improvements in galvanic elements that constitute thesubject matter of ⁇ this invention render it possible to construct a powerful element in which the regenerating is done in a proportionally short time and perfectly odorless and of which the cost of keeping in constant operation is very small.
- the object of the invention is effected first by a proper combination of zinc, copper and carbon, and second by the use of an improved active fluid agent.
- Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view of a cell ready for use.
- Fig. 3 represents a top view of Fig. 2.
- Fig. 4 shows the connection of the conducting wire with the zinc-electrode.
- Figs. 5 and 6 show the closing of the element by means of a rubber cover and a slate tablet.
- an open carbon cylinder B In the vessel A, as will be seen by Figs..l and 2 is located an open carbon cylinder B, the lower end of which is closed by a copper cap b which terminates ins'trips ct one of which is prolongated outside the vvesselin order that the binding post c for the circuit wire can be fixed to it.
- the strips or bands a are at a certain distance from the cylinderA and from the cylinder B.
- the carbon cylinder so mounted is put into the vessel A fafter the bottom of the same has been filled with gas retort carbon cut in small pieces in such a mannerthat the upper extremity of the carbon cylinder B is levelwit-h the edge of the vessel.
- the space between the outside wall of the carbon cylinder B and the inside wall of the glass vessel A is also filled with small pieces of gas retort carbon and oxide of copper to which is added some protoxide of copper, in such a manner that the bands a are embeddedl therein.
- a second carbon cylinder C, closed at the bottom isrput into the cylinder B, the diameter of which is .smaller than the diameter' of the interior of the carbon cylinder B so that there remains an annular space between the two ⁇ cylinders.
- the closed bottom is adapted to catch the electrolytic precipitates of the zinc and prevent them from settling upon the electrode B.
- the zinc electrode isarranged ⁇ inthe carbon cylinder C and is suspended therein by a glass rod d passing ⁇ through an opening in the stem of the electrode and resting upon the upper'edge of the cylinder C.
- a glass rod d passing ⁇ through an opening in the stem of the electrode and resting upon the upper'edge of the cylinder C.
- the zinc electrode D consists of a spirally wound or zig-zag shaped zinc plate which is provided with perforations a for the circu-V lation of the induction liquid and also with perforations for receiving the glass rods intended for insulating the same.
- Fig. 4 is shown the zinc electrodeD connected with the conducting wire e, and insulated against the inside wall of the cylinder C by means of glass rods f which pass through the zinc electrodeD and project outsidc its walls.
- VVashersc are placed around the glass rods f between the windings of the zinc electrode which preventsthe displacement of the zinc and glass rods in relation ⁇ to each other which might otherwise arise from the wearing out of the zinc electrodes at the perforations through which the glass rods pass, but by using ⁇ the rubber rings on the glass rods the latter remain constantly in the required position as no wearing out of and no change in the rubber rings take place.
- a cap of elastic rubber gcan for closing the cell either a cap of elastic rubber gcan be used, as seen in Fig. 5, which or of any any other suitable material.
- the TOO - latter case it is necessary to leave an opening 'with an addition of oxide of copper and protoxide of copper has been introduced in the described way and the inner cylinder C .has been put into the cylinder B, the next thing that must be done is to pour into the annular space between the cylinderB and the wall of the vessel A, the exciting liquid consisting of a solution of caustic potash and then to fill the inner cylinder C with that solution after having placed the zinc electrode D in the same.
- the outside vessel be of glass as it can be made of iron or anyother suitable metal and in that case the binding post c will be lixed directly to the vessel A.
- the object of placing small pieces of gas retort carbon upon the bottom of the vessel and of the introduction of said carbon in the space between the vessel A and the cyllnder B is to obtain a greater yielding power .and to weaken as much as possible the polarization which takes place when the element is used and finally by the conversion of the protoxide of copper into oxide of copper during the working of the element, to compensate for the loss of oxide of copper caused by said Working so as to obtain not a momentary but a continuous regeneration of the element, that is, a regeneration taking place as often as desired.
- the chemical process du ri ng the workin g of the battery can be explained as follows: After the circuit has been closed a decomposition of water takes place. The positive current goes from the zinc through the liquid to the copper or coal plates. The hydrogenous particles move in the same direction; there they reach'the oxide of copper and by the strongly reducing power inherent to the hydrogen the oxide of copper is converted into protoxide of copper or even to metallic copper. The oxygen particles, the carriers of the negative current travel in the opposite direction from the copper bands toward the Zinc.
- the vessel A the carbon cylinder B arranged therein, the terminals connected therewith, the removable carbon cylinder C arranged Within the cylinder B, and electrically in connection or contact therewith and the zinc electrode arranged within the inner cylinder, said in'ner cylinder having a closed bottom adapted to catch the electrolytic precipitates of the zinc and prevent them from sett-ling upon the electrode B, substantially as described.
- the vessel the carbon electrode therein, the zinc electrode consisting of the sheet of zinc wound spirally, the glass rods passing through the zinc electrode to hold the same in position and insulate it and the rubber rings on the glass rods, between the zinc windings, substantially as described.
Description
(No Model.) Y
C. W. A. HERTEL. GALVANI-G BATTERY'.
. fdl
fray@ TL Patent f f TED STATESy e PATENT Ormes.
CARL IVILHELM ADOLF HERTEL, OF BERLIN, GERMANY.
cALvANlo BATTERY.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters PatentNo. 519,330, dated May 8, 1894.
Application led July 14, 1898. Serial No. 480,461. (No model.)
.To ctZZ whom it rrr/tty concern/.5
Beitknown that LCARL WILHELM ADoLr HERTEL, manufacturer, a subject of the King of Prussia, German Emperor, residing at the city of Berlin, inthe Kingdom of Prussia, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Galvanic Batteries, of which the following is a specification.
The galvanic elements known up to the present time have a great number of defects of which the principal are imperfect working when a powerful effect is to be produced, the short life of the cell before replenishing and the requirement of a long time for regenerating the battery. Besides these objections, the powerful elements as Bunsen elements or those filled with chromic acid orsimilar highly volatile acids render ittimpossible to put up a galvanic battery inside inhabited places.
The improvements in galvanic elements that constitute thesubject matter of `this invention render it possible to construct a powerful element in which the regenerating is done in a proportionally short time and perfectly odorless and of which the cost of keeping in constant operation is very small. The object of the invention is effected first bya proper combination of zinc, copper and carbon, and second by the use of an improved active fluid agent.
In the drawings--Figure l, shows a view of the element without the material that generates the induction. Fig. 2, is a vertical sectional view of a cell ready for use. Fig. 3, represents a top view of Fig. 2. Fig. 4, shows the connection of the conducting wire with the zinc-electrode. Figs. 5 and 6 show the closing of the element by means of a rubber cover and a slate tablet.
In the vessel A, as will be seen by Figs..l and 2 is located an open carbon cylinder B, the lower end of which is closed by a copper cap b which terminates ins'trips ct one of which is prolongated outside the vvesselin order that the binding post c for the circuit wire can be fixed to it. The strips or bands a are at a certain distance from the cylinderA and from the cylinder B. The carbon cylinder so mounted is put into the vessel A fafter the bottom of the same has been filled with gas retort carbon cut in small pieces in such a mannerthat the upper extremity of the carbon cylinder B is levelwit-h the edge of the vessel. The space between the outside wall of the carbon cylinder B and the inside wall of the glass vessel A is also filled with small pieces of gas retort carbon and oxide of copper to which is added some protoxide of copper, in such a manner that the bands a are embeddedl therein. A second carbon cylinder C, closed at the bottom isrput into the cylinder B, the diameter of which is .smaller than the diameter' of the interior of the carbon cylinder B so that there remains an annular space between the two` cylinders. The
closed bottom is adapted to catch the electrolytic precipitates of the zinc and prevent them from settling upon the electrode B. The zinc electrode isarranged `inthe carbon cylinder C and is suspended therein by a glass rod d passing `through an opening in the stem of the electrode and resting upon the upper'edge of the cylinder C. Thus there is a space left between the bottom of the car-` bon cylinder andthe bottom surface ot' the zinc electrode.
The zinc electrode D consists of a spirally wound or zig-zag shaped zinc plate which is provided with perforations a for the circu-V lation of the induction liquid and also with perforations for receiving the glass rods intended for insulating the same.
In Fig. 4 is shown the zinc electrodeD connected with the conducting wire e, and insulated against the inside wall of the cylinder C by means of glass rods f which pass through the zinc electrodeD and project outsidc its walls. VVashersc are placed around the glass rods f between the windings of the zinc electrode which preventsthe displacement of the zinc and glass rods in relation` to each other which might otherwise arise from the wearing out of the zinc electrodes at the perforations through which the glass rods pass, but by using `the rubber rings on the glass rods the latter remain constantly in the required position as no wearing out of and no change in the rubber rings take place.
For closing the cell either a cap of elastic rubber gcan be used, as seen in Fig. 5, which or of any any other suitable material. In the TOO - latter case it is necessary to leave an opening 'with an addition of oxide of copper and protoxide of copper has been introduced in the described way and the inner cylinder C .has been put into the cylinder B, the next thing that must be done is to pour into the annular space between the cylinderB and the wall of the vessel A, the exciting liquid consisting of a solution of caustic potash and then to fill the inner cylinder C with that solution after having placed the zinc electrode D in the same.
It is not absolutely necessary that the outside vessel be of glass as it can be made of iron or anyother suitable metal and in that case the binding post c will be lixed directly to the vessel A. The object of placing small pieces of gas retort carbon upon the bottom of the vessel and of the introduction of said carbon in the space between the vessel A and the cyllnder B is to obtain a greater yielding power .and to weaken as much as possible the polarization which takes place when the element is used and finally by the conversion of the protoxide of copper into oxide of copper during the working of the element, to compensate for the loss of oxide of copper caused by said Working so as to obtain not a momentary but a continuous regeneration of the element, that is, a regeneration taking place as often as desired.
The chemical process du ri ng the workin g of the battery can be explained as follows: After the circuit has been closed a decomposition of water takes place. The positive current goes from the zinc through the liquid to the copper or coal plates. The hydrogenous particles move in the same direction; there they reach'the oxide of copper and by the strongly reducing power inherent to the hydrogen the oxide of copper is converted into protoxide of copper or even to metallic copper. The oxygen particles, the carriers of the negative current travel in the opposite direction from the copper bands toward the Zinc.
l claiml. In a galvanic battery, the combination of the vessel A, the outer carbon cylinder B having the copper bottom and the copper terminals o, embedded in a depolarizing compound in the vessel A, the second carbon cylinder C closed at the bottom and electrically connected with the copper bottom b and the zinc electrode D arranged Within the inner cylinder C, substantially as described.
2. In combination,the vessel A, the carbon cylinder B arranged therein, the terminals connected therewith, the removable carbon cylinder C arranged Within the cylinder B, and electrically in connection or contact therewith and the zinc electrode arranged within the inner cylinder, said in'ner cylinder having a closed bottom adapted to catch the electrolytic precipitates of the zinc and prevent them from sett-ling upon the electrode B, substantially as described.
3. In combination, the vessel A, the carbon electrode, the porous carbon cylinder C, the zinc electrode within the same and a glass rod passing through the stem of the electrode and resting upon the top of the cylinder C, substantially as described.
4. In combination, the vessel, the carbon electrode therein, the zinc electrode consisting of the sheet of zinc wound spirally, the glass rods passing through the zinc electrode to hold the same in position and insulate it and the rubber rings on the glass rods, between the zinc windings, substantially as described.
In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two witnesses.
CARL WILHELM ADOLF llllRTEL.
Witnesses: V
W. HAUPT, G. WILLNER.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US519330A true US519330A (en) | 1894-05-08 |
Family
ID=2588128
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US519330D Expired - Lifetime US519330A (en) | Carl wilhelm adolf hertel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US519330A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7645540B2 (en) | 2003-08-08 | 2010-01-12 | Rovcal, Inc. | Separators for alkaline electrochemical cells |
| US7740984B2 (en) | 2004-06-04 | 2010-06-22 | Rovcal, Inc. | Alkaline cells having high capacity |
-
0
- US US519330D patent/US519330A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7645540B2 (en) | 2003-08-08 | 2010-01-12 | Rovcal, Inc. | Separators for alkaline electrochemical cells |
| US20100112431A1 (en) * | 2003-08-08 | 2010-05-06 | Rovcal Inc. | Separators for alkaline electrochemical cells |
| US7763384B2 (en) | 2003-08-08 | 2010-07-27 | Rovcal, Inc. | Alkaline cells having high capacity |
| US7931981B2 (en) | 2003-08-08 | 2011-04-26 | Rovcal Inc. | Separators for alkaline electrochemical cells |
| US7740984B2 (en) | 2004-06-04 | 2010-06-22 | Rovcal, Inc. | Alkaline cells having high capacity |
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