US513824A - Machine - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 1.

G. M. PILGHER. DITOHING MACHINE.

No. 513,824. Patented Jan. 30, 1894.

W/TNESSES UVVE/VTOR v A TTOH/VEYS.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

G. M. PILGHER. DITGHING MACHINE. No. 513,824. Patgnted Jan. 30, 1894.

4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

(No Model.)

G. M. PILGHER. DITOHING MAGHINE.

WITNESSES:

A TTOH/VEYS.

and claimed. v I

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings forming apart of this specification,

UNi-rEn STN-rES I GEORGE in. PIL E OF Lot-mama, merrier.

i niTcHi c-MAcr-tin SPECIFICATION forming part ornate. Batent No. 513, 24, v sa; January 30,1894;

Application filed March 7, i893. 1

To all whom, it may concern.-

Logansport, in the county of Gassand State a full, clear, and exactdescription. v I

My invention relates to improvements in ditching machines; and the object of my invention is to produce a practical, durable, and

eflici'ent machine which is adapted to be moved along over a ditch, which is adapted to rapidly excavate a smooth wall ditch, and which is provided with an attachment adapted to break up frozen ground and rock.

To this end my invention consists in cer-' tain features of construction and combinations of parts, as will behereinafter described" 1 in which similar. figures of reference indicate corresponding parts'in all. the views.

Figure 1 is a planvi-ew of the machine, Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section on the line 22 in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a broken sectional end. view of thernachine. "Fig: 4-is a detail sectional viewof one of the friction drum clutches. Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of the screwand nut vmechanism for adjusting the guys which support the upright frame.

Fig. 6 is a sectional plan ofthe driving rod" and oneof its guides. ,Fig. 7'is a broken side elevation on an en'largedscalaofi the shovels,

the guide frame :forthesaine, and theguide" mechanism for operating the shovels.v Fig.

' 7 is a detail view of .the ratchet. mechanism whichlocks the driving frame to' the guide frame. 8-8 in Fig. 7-. Fig. 9 is'an' enlarged viewof the hinge connection between the carriageand the upright frame. Fig; lOis a broken detail elevation of the boom andcarriag'e;

Fig. 8- is a vertical sectionon the line serinnmeaem. (Num ri -1.;

carriage 1O whichhaspreferably': aplatforln Be it known-that LGEORGE M. PILCHER, of

and which is provided with wheels 11 adapted v to straddle a'ditclrand rnn-onplanksor other of lnd ana, have invented a new and Improved Ditching-Machine, of which the following 'is supports. The carr'iageis-provided with a boiler 12am engine 13 which may be of any suitable drums capable of being thrown out of gear may be employed, however. The

- mechanism-operated by the cranks 17 I do not claim as my invention, but itis shown in Fig. 4.. Each drum is mounted loosely on a shaft 18 which is journaled insu-it'able supports on the carriage'IO and the shaft lSconnects at one end-by means of a ball jointlti with a 'screw' 20 to'which the. crank, lcve 1' 17 is applied, and which is threaded ,in a support, as shown in Fig. 4. Oneend of the drum has a concave flange 2-1 which is adapted" to contact with a cone pulley 22 carnied by the shaft "18,'-and the drum is, normally pressed out of contact with the pulley 22 .b'y'a spiral spring, as shown inthe drawings. By turning-the shaft, the; screw 20, is operated and the c'one pulley drawn against the flange of th 'e drum or "pushed away .from the same,

according astowhether the drum is to be driven-or released. Oneof the shafts is prolonged, as-s'h'own at 2l. in Fig. 1, and on this long shaft, which projects beyondo'ne side of the carriage, is a ,groovedfpulley 25 around which a cable may be placed for hoisting or other purposes. 'lhepulleyis thrown in and out of gear by means of aclutchLEZS on the shaft 24, which clutch is controlled by a lever 29, and is not shown in detail. "The carriage is propelled either forwarder backward by means ofa, cable 27 which is wound around the drum l5 and extends downward and be 'neathguide-pulleys 26 on the carriage loot-.

tom, one strand passing out from the carriage at one end and the. other strand passing out at the opposite end. The two ends of the cable may be made fast in the usual way and by winding the cable on the drum, the carriage is moved.

frame near the top and which extend rear-- ward to a point near the rear end of the carriage, each guyrhaving at its lower end a bolt 33 which. enters a hanger 34 on the carriage to which it is adj ustablysecured by the jam nuts 35. It will be seen that by adjusting these nuts the pitch of the frame will be regulated, and in this way the frame may be adjusted so as to carry the driving rod in a vertical position, as hereinafter described, even though the carriage is running on a com-' paratively steep grade. 1 I In the front of the machine, near the center of the frame 30, is an upright shaft 36, the lower end of which is stepped on the carriage by a ball and socket joint 37. I The upperend of the shaft is journaledin a hanger 38 secured to a cross bar 39 on-the frame 30. Extending parallel with the shaft isa post 40 which is hung so as to turn horizontally around the shaft, the post being connected therewith by means of hangers or brackets 41 which are secured to the post and journaled on the shaft. -This post forms part ofa horizontal-1y swinging boom, which extends forward from the upright frame 30 and which hasamain-brace or beam 42 which extends diagonally upward and forward'from the foot of the post. A curved brace 43 which is se-' cured to the beam 42, is secured at its lower. end, as shown at 44 to the upper end of the post 40, is secured at its upper end between straps 45 which clasp the top cross bar of the frame 30 and are pivoted to'the back side thereof, as shown at 46, and a forwardly extending arm 47 which aligns with the lower member of the brace 43. The. upper end of the beam 42 and the outer end of the arm 47' are provided with guide frames 48 through which the driving rod moves vertically, one of these frames being shown clearly in Fig. 6, andthe frame is bolted to the beam or arm by bolts 49, the frame having opposite members to clasp the beam or arm and the frame: has, in its sides and near its outer end, grooves 50 in which runs the center plate 51 of the driving rod 52. This rod comprises the longitudinal center plate 51 and timbers 53 which are bolted to opposite sides of the plate, as shown in Fig. 6. It is adapted to move upward through the guides 48, carrying with it the digging mechanism, and then to .be dropped through the guides so as to force the digging mechanism into the ground. To the lower end of the driving rod is secured the driving frame 54 which extends at right angles to the driving rod, and has, on its upper side,.asocket 55 -adapted to be secured by 52, and this construction enables the driving frame to be easily detached when the pick or rock hammer is to be fastened to the driving The drivirf frame has outwardly extending curved. arms '56on its opposite sides, which enter between rollers 57 which are journaled v cured to the curvedshovels 59 which extend downward and converge, so that whenin their lowest position theirlower edges meet, as illustrated inFig. 8,=,thus forming a scoop which is capable of raising the dirt held between the shovels. i r

The shovels 59 'are adapted to slide vertically through slots 61 in a guide frame which extends parallel with the driving frame 54 and which is open in the center, as shown at 60 in Fig. 8. The shovels are also adapted to move in slots 62 which are produced in the upwardly extending and inwardly curved guides 63, these being arranged on opposite sides of the guide frame and have their upstrengthen them. These grooves or slots 62 cause the shovels, when raised, to converge at their upper'ends and be separated at their lower ends, thus opening them so that they may discharge the material which they have raised. a

On opposite sides of the guide frame and on the sides at right angles to the guides 63 are upwardly extending ratchet bars 65, which have springs 66 at their abutting their lower ends lar 67 on the ratchet bar. adapted to contact with the flanges 68, see Fig. 8, on the upper side of the driving frame with a sliding coldriving and guide frames-are dropped the springs 66 will absorb a portion of the jar so as to prevent any of the connected parts from being broken. The ratchet bars also serve the-purpose of holding the shovels together when the latter are lowered, and this is the chief function of the bars. To this end the ratchetbars are provided on inner sides with notches 69, the inclinations of which are on the lower portions, and these notches are adapted to engage dogs or pawls 70 which slide laterally in suitable supports on the driving frame 54 and which are pivotally connected with. a lever 71,as shown in Figs. 7 and 7 and the dogs are normally pressed into engagement with the ratchet bars by suitable 'springs. One dog connects directly with the lower end of the lever below its pivot, and the other dog connects with the lever above its pivot, by a ,rod 71 which passes through a hole 71 in the driving frame, see Fig. 8, and thus the dogs may both be operated at once.

forced downward into the ground so as to scoop up a quantity of earth, the dogs 70 will bolts 56 to the lower end of the driving rod' in hangers 58, the latter being seupper ends, these 54, so that when the two frames-that is, the.

It will be seen then that when the shovels are slide down, the ratchet bars engaging them,

per ends connected by cross rods 64 which The collars 67 are l flanges 68 will strike the collars 67 and the notch by notch and when the driving frame, guide frame, and shovels a re raised, the ratchet bars and pawls will prevent the frames rom separating and the shovels from opening. When the shovels are to be opened, thele- Ver '71 is thrown outward so as to retract the dogs and permitthe guide frame to drop and the shovels to open. The shovels are dr ven into the ground, as already described, by the re dropping of the driving rod and the two frames 54 and 60. This causes the guide frame 60 to stop when it strikes the ground, while the continued movement of the driving rod forces the shovels downward and together. To ndicate when the shovels'are full,a gong -71 is arranged upon the guide frame 60 and it has the usual pivoted hammer 71, the shank of which extends into the path of the driving frame 54,30 that when the latter has nearly reached'the downward limit of its strokeit strikesthe hammer and rings the gong.

n opposite sides of the guide frame and at right angles to the plane of the shovels are depending blades 72 which are buried in the earth every time the shovels descend, and WhlCh cause the ditch dug by the shovelsto have smooth and vertical sides. The guide rod 1s raised and lowered by means of cables 73 and 74.- which are secured to eye bolts 75' and 74 at the upper and lower ends of the guide red, but it will be understood that the gulde rod will drop of its own weight when its connected gearing is released, as here inafter described. The cables 73 and 74 extend substantially parallel with the rod and pass over guide pulleys 75 and 76 and back through the brace 4 -2over guide pulleys 77 at the top of the shaft 36, thence downward nearly parallel with the shaft 36 and beneathguide pulleys 78 which are journaled 1n suitable supports near the foot of the shaft, and thence around the friction drum 16, the cables being wound in opposite directions so that as one is shortened the other will be lengthened- The guide rod and the mechanism carried by it may be shifted from side to side, so as to bring the shovels into the right vertical plane, by swinging the boom which carries the guide rod and this is effected by the tiller cables 79 which are secured to opposite sides of the brace 42, as shown at 78*, and which extend over guide pulleys 80 turnlng'in suitable brackets on the frame 30 and from thence back around the drum 14; the ropes orcables being wound in opposite directions so as to permit the boom to be readily turned by the turning of the drum. The side movement of the boom is limited by arms 81 which are bolted in supports 82 on the sides of the frame 30 and which extend into the path of the brace 43, and these arms may be adjusted so as to give any necessary swing to the boom.

In operating the machine, the frame 30 is 65 adjusted so as to be in a subs antially vertical position, the boom is swung so as to bring the guide rod above the ditch, the guide rod, the driving frame 54 and the guide frame 60 are raised by means of theca-ble 7e and drum 16, and the guide rod is then dropped by throwing the drum 16 out of gear, and if nee- .ossary, additional'power may be applied by bles 79 and the drum 14:, and the load is do posited by swinging out the levers 71 and releasing thedogs 70, this operation causing the guide frame to drop and the shovels to open; If the ground is extremely hard, a pick 83 may be used before the shovels are put in use, this pick having teeth on itsunder side to-enter the. ground and lugs 84 on its upper side which are adapted to embrace the lower end of the'driving rod and to he bolted thereto. When the pick is used the guide frame and driving frame are removed by removing the bolts 56 and slipping the socket 55 from the driving rod, and the lugs 8et'm'a'y then be bolted'to therod; The pickis operated by simply forcing-the drivingrod upv and down in the manner described,-and the teeth 85 enter the earth and loosen it up so that the shovels may be thereafter employed;

or if desired 'whereloose'material, such as broken rock, hard gravel, &c., is raised, ordinary lifting buckets'may be attached to the driving rod in any convenient way, the buckets'filled by laborers, and the machine used merely as a hoisting machine. If rock is to be broken, the digging mechanism.may.be

detached, as described, and a steel-faced hammer 86 attached to the driving rod; this hammer being very heavy and having parallel lugs 87 which embrace the rodand can be bolted thereto. When the hammer is used, the driving rod is raised in the manner specified, and the driving rod isdropped by throwing the drum 16 out of gear which causesthe hammer to descend with great force so asto break in fragments the rock beneath.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent-- 1. A ditching machine, comprising a horizontally swinging boom arranged at one end of the carriage and provided with guides at its free erid, a vertically movable driving rod held to slide in the guides of the boom and provided with guides at its lower end, a cable mechanism for operating the drivingrod, and

movable converging shovels orking in theguides iii; the lower end of the driving rod, vi'iiereby the shovels will be forced downward so l together by the descent of the Skill I. rori, suostsntiaily as described.

A ditching machine,oomprising a cer- "e, upright swinging frame mounted hereon mechanism for adjusting end fasten- 1g the mine, 25 horizontally swinging oooxn eeured to the frame, e vertically movable 11g rod carried by the boom, cable mechisrn for operating the rod, and digging device carrier at the lower end of the rocl incl ooereteo by its movements, substantially as A ditching machine, comprising 2, car- ,.e, swinging upright frame on the car longitudinally adjustable guys extendfrom the carriage to the frame, morizontsliyswioging boom carried by the frame,

a vertically movsole driving rod held at the tree end of the booms cable mechanism for operating the driving rod, and digging nxclienism srreoged at the lower end. of the rod and adapted to be operated by the move" ments of the letter, substzin tially as describeri.

"1. in a ditching machine, the combination "with a. vertically movable driving frame, of

convergicg shovels carried by the frame, or

goie frame hel. loosely rothe driving frsioe in which the shovels Work, end moses for lockingtlie clrivingend guirie ironies together, substantially as described.

5. in a (lite-hing machine, the combination. with a. vertically movable driving frame, of con verging shovels loosely connected with the said frame, a guide ire-vane held loosely to the drivingfrsm'e beneath the some and. provided 'WlLLi guiries in which the shovels work, and

means for locking the driving and guide from-es together, substantially as described.

5. in ditching machine, the combination with vertically movable driving frame, of converging shovels loosely connected with the frame, a. guide frame loosely connected with the driving frame beneotii the some, and provide-3Q with guides in which the shovels work, cutters or; opposite sides of the guide frame and as, right angles to the s'oovelsand for locking the driving and guide frames together substantially as described.

7. e. ditching machine, the combination with :a suitable support 2. verticsiiy movable driving rod, of a. driving frame secured to the lower end of the frame held loosely to the driving frame beneath the some and. having cowardly extending guides, con VGlf lTlg curved sliovels'extemling through the slots in the guide frame, a loose connection between the upper portioosoi tiicshoveis soil the drivingireme, and s locking device to look the shovels scribed.

8 In a ditching msei.ine,tl1e combination, with the vertieeli-y movable rlri viii real, of ilao driving frame scoured to its lower provided with upwardly,esteniiing it aside frame lield beneath the driving provided with slots near its opposite 5,1 opwarclly extending curved 'mides secure to c the guide frame, curved shov s elzji t move in the slots oi the guirie Ii. curved guides of the frmnc. the shovels soil adapted to oi. the driving frame, me in the shovels together, so.

scribed.

9. In a. di iiching machine, (lie coir" with the vertically movable (lrivi' the rlriving frame secured to the lo the rod and having; oppositely extent of the slotteclfguicle frame liel il bees... driving frame arid girovided with upw extending slotted guides, curved "liovels' to groove in the oi the goiue frsinee q guides, rollers carried lg y the snovels and new to rm; on Lite arms of the driving .rerno. ratchet bars secured to the guide frame extending upwardly therei'rom, Q'. riecl by the driving frame and arispteri to the ratchet bars of the frame, 5 stsntieily desorioeri.

10. In a ditching; machine, the ooze? together, substantially es (lo-- osizin nation,

frame and provirlecl with upwardly curved guides, slicli 11g shovels oporst driving frame and held to move in and guises oi the guide frame, and 3 depending blades secured to opposite of the guide frame, substantially tlescriberl. 11. In a, ditching machine, the oomliinstio with a supporting f sine, or" 2.11 upright hinged to the forward part of the sun-p frame, meens for-adjusting" the inolinor oi the hinged frame, and s boom inonote hinged fro-me to swing horizontally, fzillESim'j tislly as desorioecl.

12. in a ditchinginsonine, the com 1'' a supporting frame, "11 irri In hinged to the forward pert A frame, id guys pivoted to upper the hinged frame and having; their other erlj USlEtbly connected to the supporting firs and a boom inooritcd is tile frame swingiiorizontally, sobstontielly as described.

GEORGE M. lllQGilEl-L.

bine

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