US511874A - Callender - Google Patents

Description

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R. OALLENDER. l TELEPHONE EXGHA-NGE SYSTEM.

No. 511,874. Patented Jan. 2, 1894.

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TELEPHONE EXCHANGE SYSTEM.

No. 511,874. Patented Jan. 2, 1894.

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TELEPHONE EXCHANGE SYSTEM. No. 511,874. Patented Jan. 2, 1894.

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No. 511,874. Patented Jam. 2, 1894.

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R. OALLENDER. TELEPHONE EXCHANGE SYSTEM.

No. 511,874. Patented Jan. 2,1894.

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R. OALLENDER.

TELEPHONE EXCHANGE SYSTEM. No. 511,874. Patented Jan. 2, 1894.

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TELEPHONE EXCHANGE SYSTEM. No. 511,874. Patented Jan. 2, 1894.

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SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 51 1,874, dated January 2, 1894.

Application filed May 12, 1893. Serial No. 474,024. (No modeL) To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ROMAINE GALLENDER, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, residing at Brantford, in the Province of Ontario and Dominion of Canada, have made a new and useful Invention in Telephone-Exchange Systems, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention is directed to improvements in automatic telephone exchange systems and particularly to improvements upon a priorinventiondescribed in an application for a patent filed by me in the United States Patent Office on the 13th day of August, 1892, bearing SerialNo. 442,948. In the aforesaid application I have described and claimed a system of automatic inter-communication in which all incoming signals over any line of the entire system are caused to rupture all of the line circuits except that over which the signal is being transmitted, and to then effect the necessary connections after which the several line connections are again restored and conversation between two subscribers effected, the remaining subscribers being however, duringthe interval, wholly deprived of any opportunity of using the system. It also comprehended a continuously actuated time mechanism which controlled the operation of the entire apparatus and regulated the length of conversation between subscribers, &c.

The present invention is intended to simplify in many respects, the method of intercommunication and apparatus referred to and to add features of novelty and utility both in methods and mechanism not found therein. These features are essentially as follows: first, an improved automatic exchange apparatus and method of operation whereby any subscriber may ob ain control of one section of the switching apparatus instantaneously, and to the exclusion of all other subscribers from the use of that particular section for a brief space of time sufficient-to effect the desired connection, and then through the mechanism thus actuated to automatically disconnect the section of switching mechanism used and leave it for the use of any other subscriber, While he (the first named subscriber) continues his conversation unmolesled with the subscriber callechand at the end of that conversation restores his line and the line of the subscriber to whom he is talking, to normal condition, the arrangement being such that if need be, an indefinite number of the entire list of subscribers might call and talk simultaneously with a like number of outlying subscribers and in such manner that there would be no delay in signaling, nor interference of any kind whatever at any point; second, means whereby if a subscriber when called is using his line, any such calls are stored up one after another and then sent in to the first named subscriber automatically and in the order stored, the sequence of connections to the various lines being effected in the order in which they are stored; third,an

automatic recorder which is located at the exchange and operatively connected with any subscriber and adapted to make a record of all calls made by all subscribers connected to it, thereby acting as a check on the actual number of calls made; fourth, in the details of construction of the entire apparatus as hereinafter fully described.

The features of novelty which I deem as of my invention are particularly pointed out in the claims at the end of this specification,

Referring to the drawings which constitute a part of this specification and in all of which like letters and figures represent like parts wherever used, Figures 1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6,and 7 are diagrammatic views illustrating the complete and operative parts of a system by showing the circuit connections and mechanism entire for two independent telephone lines which are shown at the top of Fig. l, additional parts of the apparatus being shown at the bottom of Fig. I as applicable to a complete system of nine lines. Fig. 8 is a side elevational view showing a main runway and an accumulator or storing track in their relation to an accumulator switch or gate. Figs. 8 and 8" are diagrammatic viewsillnstrating the switching apparatus utilized by me in connecting up telephone subscribers lines in a system of lines involving ninety-nine subscribers. Fig. 9 is aside elevational View of the-elevator or hoisting apparatus which returns the circuit controlling ba-lls of the system to their normal position after they have been used in making the necessary circuit connections at the switch board. Fig. 10 is a part diagrammatic part side elevational view of my novel percentage circuitselecting apparatus which enables any subscriber to ob tain control of the switching apparatus and efi'ect his circuit connections with that of the subscriber called and without any fear of interruption. Fig. 11 is a diagrammatic view of the track sections which sustain the circuit controlling balls at the switch board and releasing apparatus therefor for releasing and allowing them to be returned to the elevator shown in Fig. 9. Fig. 12 is a diagrammatic view illustrating my novel percentage circuit selector as applicable to a large series of telephone lines. Fig. 13isadiagrammatic view illustrating what 1 term a signal storing mechanism or call accumulator for storing up calls from outlying subscribers and for discharging them consecutively in such a way that onlyone stored call at a time can be sent to its proper destination, thus preventing more than one connection at a time for each wire even it calls are stored on every accumulator tier in the system. This figure also shows a portion' of what I term the signal distributing mechanism for ultimately releasing and distributing the calls previously stored by the call accumulator just referred to; the remainder of the signal distributing mechanism being shown in Figs. 3,4, 8 and 12. Fig. 14 is a diagrammatic view illustrating circuit :connections and electro-magneticcontrolling apparatus with switching devices for causing the circuit connecting balls to drop into their proper pockets at the switch board and on a tier thereof which shall correspond in number to that tier of the percentage selecting device shown in Fig. 12 through which the incoming signal was transmitted. Fig. 15 is a diagrammatic view of a modified form of apparatus for individually operating the hingedtrack sections over the switch board connections.

I preferably make use of an all wire circuit I from each subscriber to the exchange system and each of such circuits includes a signaling battery and a relay which is adapted to control switching mechanism operatively connected to a cross connecteds'witch board, and also a continuously operating switching device which in turn controls the operation of numerical receiver switches having a decimal order of relation as described in my priorapplication. The traveling arms of the numerical receivers described and claimed in my prior application were utilized directly as switching devices which made the actual circuit connections between any two su bscri be rs" lines and remained intact whenever actuated for a given signal until the conversation has been completed. In the present invention the pivoted traveling arms of the numerical receiver switches are utilized to perform the function of acting as carriers or conveyers for the transference of metal balls or moving circuit closers which are set in motion and allowed to run over or through fixed runways,

chutes or conveyers to their destination finally making the necessary connections (much as switch plug connections are made in an ordinary cross connected switch board) between any two subscribers lines, while the pivoted conveyers or arms of the numerical receiver switches are automatically returned instantly to normal position for use by other subscribers as desired. I make use also of whatI term a percentage circuitselector which acts to receive all incoming signals and to distribute them to those sections of the switching system not in use at the time of the arrivalof said signals, thus allowing a limited number of short switching lines at the station to accommodate themselves to a large number of possible signals or calls. In other words Iassume, uponacarefulanalysisof telephonestatistics, that a given system of outlying telephone lines will, at the busiest time of the day, be called upon to carry a known maximum number of signals or calls in a definite period of time, and for security I multiply this number by a given number which will surely give a number of signals greater than any probable number estimated. I then adapt the mechanism to work always for all signals or calls within this fixed limit; so proportioning the several sections of the percentage selector that it will receive and distribute all signals or calls within the limit named and without failure.

I provide a cross connecting switch board with the usual cross connections and with antomatic switching devices for adapting it for connections between any and all pairs of lines of the systen'i, lhe usual plug connections in this switch b ard are effected, as I have above indicated, by metallic orother conducting balls which are allowed to roll down and drop into the plug holes or upon exposed contacts in pairs, finding their way to the proper plug holes over stationary runways or conveyers connected to the movable switch arms of the numerical receiver switches and controlled by electro-magnets as are the correspending numerical receiver switching arms described and shown'in my prior application. With a limited number of such conducting balls which are released and restored automatically by elect ro-magnetic mechanism and carried by mechanical runways and an elevator back to the starting point for re-use, Iain enabled to quickly effect any cross connection desired and to maintain any two lines in undisturbed relation as long as the subscribers may wish, while additional calls for either of them are temporarily stored, the balls for effecting the connections for such additional calls being held in check by mechanism controlled by the subscribers themselves.

Referring now to the drawings in detail and first to Sheets 1 to 7 inclusive, which should be'placed side by side in sequence, there are shown at the top of Fig. 1 two telephone lines, Nos. 1 and 2 each provided with a complete metallic circuit running from the individual subscriber to the central station, the usual telephone transmitters, receivers and ma neto call bells being located at the subscribers telephone boxes and each provided with a circuit interrupting transmitter, not unlike that described in my prior application above referred to, and adapted to transmit over the line to the central station any desired order of circuit interruptions, Z) ct and b a being the signaling batteries here shown as located at the subscribers stations.

A and A are relay electro-magnets located in the individual subscribers lines adapted to control the switching cu rrent impulses from batteries 11 a and b o B and B are switching electro-magnets for switching one terminal of each subscribers line from direct connection with the central office mechanism into connection through a conductor 4 with one pole of a magneto electric generator located also at the central station and shown at the upper right hand side of Fi 6, Sheet 6. t

O and O are switching electro-magnets for disconnecting the other terminal of each subscribers line from connection with its particular relay A or A &c., and connecting each line directly to and through an automatic releasing electro-magnet G or G 'D and D are releasing electro-magnets, the armatures d and d of which areadapted to hold the armatures b and b when the electro-magnets B and B are energized.

E and E are releasing electro-magnels, the armatures e and 01 which are adapted to lock the armatures c and c of the electromagnets C and C in their upper positions when the electro-magnets C and C are energized.

and E are also releasing electro-magnets designed to perform the same function as the electro-magnets E and E and act upon the same armature levers c and 6 but are energized from another circuit.

F and F are electro-magnets designed to close the proper circuits through their armature levers f and f for enabling a calling subscriber to automatically restore his particular portion of the switching mechanism at the central or exchange station to normal condition so as to enable him to call any other subscriber when on turning in a call he is antomatically warned that the subscriber called is busy.

H and H are releasing electromagnets, the armatures h and h of which are adapted to lock the armature levers f and f of the electro-magnets F and F in their uppermost positions when the latter electro-magnets have been energized.

1 and 1 are additional releasing electromagnetsthe armatures t and t of which are adapted to lock the armature levers g and g of the electro-magnets G and G in their uppermost positions when the latter electro-magnets are energized.

Referring now to Fig. 2, Sheet 2, J and J are switching electro-magnets provided with switching armaturelevers j and j carrying contact springs s and 5 the function of which is to change the circuits of the relay batteries 19 a and b (1. shown at the bottom of Sheet 1 from connection with the switching electro-magnets L and L shown in the central part of Fig. 2, Sheet 2, into direct connection through what I call a percentage circuit selector shown at the bottom of Fi 3, Sheet 3,10 the electro-magnet M of the numerical receiver switch and also to the controlling electro-magnets M of what I call a time relay shown at the top of Sheet 4.

The apparatus already described in con nection with Sheets 1 and 2 of the drawings and illustrated as in duplicate for two lines is a necessary part of each and every subscribers line.

The apparatus denominated as the percentage circuit selector shown in plan view at the bottom of Fi 3 and also in side elevational view in Fig. 10 consists of two nonconducting drums D R and D R carried upon a horizontally disposed shafts provided with a pulley and a belt 5 6 connected to an electric motor E M or other constant source of power adapted to rotate itin the direction of the arrows.

The shafts is geared through miter gearing 1) g with a vertical shaftv 5, see Fig. 10, which passes through a vertically disposed cylinder J upon which is arranged a series of conducting or contact plates e p having enlarged lower ends.

1, 2 3", are conducting rings carried by the shaft r s and insulated from each other, and 5 s and s are contact brushes resting thereon. h hare similar conducting rings insulated from and carried by the shaft 8,717: being contacting brushes resting on the conducting rings, h h.

k is a horizontal non-conducting arm carried by the vertical shaft '0 s and sustaining near its outer end two pairs of electromagnets M and M adapted to rotate over the opposite ends of radially disposed tilting armature levers Z m, there being one of these tilting armature levers for each subsoribers line.

fandf' are spirally disposed conducting strips carried by the non-conducting cylinders D R, D R.

jj are contact brushes adapted to make electrical contact with the contact stripf at different times as the drum D R is rotated, and j'j are corresponding contact brushes adapted to make similar contacts with the contact strip f. The spirally disposed contact stripsf and f are so located with relation to the ends of the contact brushesjj' that when the left hand brnshesjj of each pair are resting upon said strips, the arm 70 carried by the shaft o s is directly over the armature lever Z so that said armature lever is in the magnetic field of both pairs of electro-magnets M and M and similarly when the right hand pairof brushesjand jof each pair are in contact with the contact strips f and f, the arm 70 and electro-magnets M and M will be directly over the left hand tilting armature lever m. The contact strips f and f are connected to the conducting rings 72. by short conductors 94 and 95. The tilting armature levers Z and m are each provided at their opposite ends with conducting springs for changing the direction of the current as will be described in connection with the description of the mode of operation, the arrangement being such that as the arm is rotates in tliedirection of the arrows, the armature levers Zm will be tilted in either direction at will according to the current changes through the magnets M and M and the necessary circuit connections made through the brushes jj, j j and the contact stripsf and f.

At the top of Sheet 4 is disclosed what I term a time relay which is set in operation by the signaling impulses sent into the exchange station loy any subscriber, and kept in operation during the time that such impulses are being transmitted and for a given length of time thereafter, dependent upon the ad justment of the instrument itself, the function of this instrument being to permit of the operation of the apparatus only after the numerical receiver switch arm A has arrived at its proper position for discharging the switching balls. This time relay consists of an operating electro-magnet M which is in direct circuit with the electro-magnet M of the nu merical receiver switch N R.

m is a vibratory steel reed of well known form which may be arranged adjustably in. any well known manner so as to vibrate for any brief length of time.

e is a conducting point carried by the free end of the reed m and adapted to contact with a yielding arm .9

M is a releasing electro-magnet having an armature m the free end of which is attached to a sliding conducting bar a, one end of which is adapted to bear against the side of a conducting head b on the upper end of a sliding pin p carried in a guide-way d and having a non-conducting head 0 resting normally on the upper surface of the vibratory reed m s is a yieldingarm having electrical connection through a conductor 91 with areleasing battery B A, the circuit of this battery being normally open between the contact arm 16 and the conducting head I) and closed between the vibratory reed m and the arm .9

at the point e. v

I make no claim in the present application to a'circuit controlling device adapted to close an electrical circuit after a definite interval of time, as such a circuit closer constitutes the subject matter of an independent application for a patent filed by me in the United States Patent Office on the 24th day of April,

1893, and bearing Serial N 0. 471,559. Such a circuit controlling device is only claimed here in combination with other features which con line and that these armature levers would all be located in the same horizontal plane or tier directly below the rotating arm is and electro-magnets M M carried thereby. For the purpose of preventing any possibility of interference in incoming signals I arrange several sets of these tilting armatures in independent planes or tiers above each other and connect the circuits thereof in multiple arc relation, as will be more fully described in connection with Figs. 12, 13 and 14, the arrangement being such that when any one subscriber has sent in -a preliminary signal for the purpose of calling another subscriber, he,

by the act of such preliminary signal tilts his own armature lever corresponding to the levers Z or m on the first tier not in use, which is put in connection with his particular contact brushj through the contact stripfon the rotating drum D R'of the percentage selector, thereby securing to himself the use of this particular portion of the apparatus for effecting the necessary circuit connections to the subscriber wanted. It must be understood in this connection that for every tier of the armature levers Z, m there are corresponding spirally disposed strips ff, contacting rings h h, brushes '5 't' and connecting wires similar to 92 and 108 leading to the individual tiers and corresponding radially disposed arms 70 carrying corresponding electro-magnets M and M the radial relation of the stripsf to the arms 70 being such as to always place the arms is over the tilting armature levers of a particular tier when the corresponding contact brushes j are directly in contact with the corresponding strips f, the relation of the strips f and brushes j for reversing the position of the armature levers being of course the same.

M and M are electro-magnets provided with armature levers m and m carrying contact springs s and the functions of these magnets and armature levers being to act as switching devices for preventing any other subscriber from obtaining control of the particular tier of tilting armature levers land m aftera signaling subscriber has obtained such control thereof. These switches, together with the peculiar disposition or arrangement of the contact-brushesjand stripsf, act in conjunction in the nature of a non-interfering apparatus to prevent any possibility of inter- IOC ference of signals, and at the same time allow or permit other subscribers to seize their own tilting armature levers upon any other unused tier thereof and likewise prevent any interference therewith, This will be made more apparent in connection with the description of Figs. 12, 13 and 14.

M and M are electro-magnets having armature levers m and m which are adapted to lock and release at will, the armature levers m and m of the tier controlling switches.

The numerical receiver switch N R con sists of a vertically disposed shaft carrying at its upper end an open sided pocket B and an inclined pair of arms A and is adapted to rotate step by step in the direction of the arrow under the influence of the armature lever m and its propelling pawl.

R R e I 1. 1 0 1 2 33 11 25 t 7 8 and 9 are,

radially disposed inclined pairs of rails, runways or chutes with their upper ends so located that the pair of rotating arms A will fall in alignment therewith as it moves step by step in the direction of the arrow.

S11 is a chute and B B are metallic balls restlng normally upon this chute, the lower end of which is so located that said balls will, when released, drop into the pocket B and roll down over the arms A, see Figs. 4, 8 and 9, and that particular pair of rails O to 9 opposite which the free ends of said arms are located. 1 E is an elevator for the balls B B shown in detail in Fig. 9, said elevator consisting of a pair of driving pulleys W and W, an elevalor carrying pockets P O for the balls and arms V adapted to tilt a ball separating de- Vice '1 as they pass underthe free endthereo f-, thereby dropping them one by one into the pockets P O, the elevator beingdriven by a loeltf e and an electric motor E M q q are ball retaining and ejecting devices for the balls, said devices being carried on the free ends of armature levers of electromagnets Q Q which are so arranged that when the electro-magnets are energized one of them will be lifted and the other lowered, always causing the balls to be received and ejected in pairs.

Although I have shown a system of ten individual tracks from O to S inclusiveI have only shown three complete sets of tracks running to the switch board, near the bottom of Fig. 6, Sheet 6, and two complete sets of ap paratns which I shall now describe as call accumulating devices designed to store upor retain anyincoming call provided the person called is busy, or his line in use. These two lines with the complete apparatus I have designated'as 1 and 2 and the third line as 3 the operation for the entire apparatus for the remaining lines to 9 being identically the same.

The callor signalingaccumulating apparatus shown in Fig. 4, and which I shall for the sake of brevity denominate as accumulators,

l the apparatus.

side track shown in connection with line 1 as R S and in connection with line 2 as R S All of the tracks, runways or chutes have an inclination from the points of radiation near the free rotating ends of the arms A to the switch board in Fig. (5 of sutficient inclination to carry the circuit controlling balls B B by their own gravity. The accumulators or side tracks R S and R S are located above the main tracks and at such a height as will permit any ball running over a main track to pass freely under them. Just in front of these side tracks, and constituting in each instance a mechanical switch, is a tilting sectional track or gate R or R adapted, when resting in its lower position, to direct the balls over the main track, and when in the upper position, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 8, to switch them from the main track on to the accumulator or side track R S or R S each track, as before indicated, being provided with a similar apparatus.

0 and O are electro-magnets for lifting the mechanical switches or gates R R? from their lower to their upper positions, and N N3 are releasing magnets having hooked armature levers a and n adapted to lock said gates in their upper positions and to release the same when the magnets N N are energized. The other ends of these side tracks or accumulators R S, R S have each asufficient down grade to carry the balls back again on to the main track when released and to thereby allow them to proceed over such main tracks to their destination.

P P are electro-magnets foroperating the ball retaining and ball ejecting devices p'p', p p of these accumulators or side tracks.

R ferring now to Fig. 5. Sheet 5. b Wand S WV are what I call individualizing switches. The accumulators or side tracks have short disconnected sections of rails as shown in Fig. 4 on their outer tracks at 1, 2*", 3, 46' and 5" and 1, 2 3, P and 5 which are connected by conductors 47,48,49, 46, 51, 50, 52 and 53 respectively with other circuit connections to be described later on. In a similar manner one set of the rails of the main tracks 1, 2, &c., is divided in each instance into short sectional disconnected conductors 1*, 2 to 11*, see Figs. 5 and 6, and these short sectional conductors are connected by individual conductors to dilterent parts of The sections of track 1 2 3 P and 5 shown in Fig. 5, are connected directly back to the apparatus shown in Figs. 4, 1 and 2, without any intermediate switching apparatus, while the remaining short sections of track already referred to, both on the accumulators R S, R S and l of Fig. 5, and 6 7 k 9, 10 and 11 of Fig. 6 are connected directly with whatIcall the individualizing switches S W, and S W at the top of Fig. 5. Each subscribers line is provided with one of these inrhvidualizing switches and two are shown in Fig. 5 as applicable to the two consistsiu each instance ofaspirallydisposed individual telephone lines shown in Fig. 1,

Sheet 1. Each one of these switches performs four functions as follows: First, it makes circuit connections whereby any signaling subscriber is automatically warned that the circuit closing balls B B which he has already automatically released at the central station for the purpose of connecting the line of the subscriber signaled with his own line, have been diverted to the accu m ulator or side track of the person signaled; second, it establishes additional circuit connections whereby the calling subscriber may, if he so chooses, restore his individual portion of the switching apparatus atthe central station to normal condition sothathe may call any 01 hersubscriber or any other subscriber call him; thirdJit effects additional circuit connections whereby the callingsubscriber,afterhis circuitcontrolling balls have been released and diverted to theside track or accumulatorofthe subscriber called and wishes to await his turn for connection to the line of such subscriber, has his apparatus placed in the same condition inwhich it was placed just previous to the time of the diversion of such balls to the accumulator; fourth,it effects additional circuit connections whereby the call bell of thesubscriber signaling is caused to be rung from any track over which the circuit closing balls may have been: directed, thereby indicating to him that the proper connections have been established and he mayproceed with his conversation. These several sets of circuit connections are effected by multiple sliding contacts instilated from each other and attached to the armature levers of the switching magnets referred to and through individual pairs of contact springs, as clearly indicated, and additional stationary contacts connected respectively to wires 6O, 61, (52 and 67.

The switch board proper to which all incoming telephone wires are ultimately connected is illustrated near the bottom of Fig. 6 as applicable to three individual lines and consists of horizontallydisposed pairs of disconnected contact plates cp, c 19', there being shown eight such pairs of contact plates connected together by cross connecting wires in substantially the same manner as well known forms of cross connecting switch boards are designed, these contact plates being borne by short arms Ptsecured to pivoted shat'ting S h and S h, S h S If, the normal condition of these pivoted supporting arms being horizontal, in which position they are held by retractile springs as clearly shown on the right near the bottom of Fig. 11, the arrangement being such that when the balls B B are released in pairs they will be directed to the proper switch board plates 0p and 0'19 and ultimately make the required connections between such plates for the calling and called subscribers lines.

The runways, chutes or tracks 1 2, 3, &c., are horizontally disposed directly over the switch board and are provided with pivoted sections T S, T S which are capable of assuming either of two positions shown in Fig. 11. When in their lower position they carry the switching balls 13 B forward and when in their upper position, as shown on the right in Fig. 11, they permit them to drop into circuit connection with the proper circuit copnecting plates 0 p and c'p, there being one such tilting cross section of track T S, T S for every transverse section of the switch board therebymaking it possible for any pair of balls to be directed to any por-.

tion of the switch board and dropped into the proper circuit connections as directed by the signaling subscriber.

M and M are electromagnets having armatures m and m attached to the short arms of the pivoted track sections '1 S and T S, the arrangement being such that when eitherone of said elect ro-magnets is energized its corresponding track section will be elevated, as shown on the right near the bottom of Fig. 11.

M and M are releasing electro-magnets havingarmature levers provided with hooked extensions adapted to retain said sections in their elevated position until the corresponding electro-magnets M or M are energized.

M and M are releasing electro-magnets having armatures m and 711, attached to the pivoted supporting arms P t and P t, the arrangement being such that when said magnets M and M are energized the circuit closing balls B 1) will be released and allowed to return by a return runway or chute R R, as shown at the bottom of Figs. 9 and 11, and also near the bottom of Fig. t where they return by gravity to an elevator and are restored to their normal position.

At the top of Fig. 6, Sheet 6, is shown a general recording apparatus R E consisting of a rotary cylinder carried by a pair of upright standards on a car 0 A having movement in the direction of thelength of the cylinder. This recording apparatus is moved longitudinally through theagencyof aratchet wheel R w and a pawl carried by an armature lever m actuated by an electro-magnet M the ratchet wheel being carried by a worm shaft adapted to give the car the necessary movement and. at the required speed, said ratchet wheel being stepped forward once in twenty-four hours through the agency of tho electro-magnet M in circuit 68, 69, controlled by a twenty-four hour clock 0 K and a battery B A seen in Fig. 7, Sheet 7.

M is an electro-magnet having an armature lever m provided with a pawl adapted to rotate the recording cylinder R E once in twenty-four hours through the agency of the ratchet wheel R w, the electro-magnet M being in circuit 70, '71 controlled by a clock 0 K which closes the circuit from a battery B A three times in each revolution or once in every twenty seconds.

M and M are the recording electro-mag nets, the former for subscribers line No. l and the latter for subscribers line No.2, the armatoo IIO

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