US5064849A - Heterocyclic derivatives useful as radiosensitizing agents and antiviral agents - Google Patents
Heterocyclic derivatives useful as radiosensitizing agents and antiviral agents Download PDFInfo
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- US5064849A US5064849A US07/510,869 US51086990A US5064849A US 5064849 A US5064849 A US 5064849A US 51086990 A US51086990 A US 51086990A US 5064849 A US5064849 A US 5064849A
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- Prior art keywords
- compound
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- radiosensitizing
- antiviral
- derivative
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- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000003443 antiviral agent Substances 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 239000002534 radiation-sensitizing agent Substances 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 230000000840 anti-viral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000000637 radiosensitizating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 101100386054 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) CYS3 gene Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
- 231100001231 less toxic Toxicity 0.000 abstract 1
- 101150035983 str1 gene Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 53
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 16
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 230000001146 hypoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000020176 deacylation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005947 deacylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002504 physiological saline solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- DWSFCAKOSWFTCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)methoxy]propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)OCN1C=CN=C1[N+]([O-])=O DWSFCAKOSWFTCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XAVNUPDRHDUWGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methoxy]propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)OCN1C=NC([N+]([O-])=O)=N1 XAVNUPDRHDUWGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000035473 Communicable disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910021627 Tin(IV) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 2
- CBOOTRXEMHDXPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-acetyloxy-2-[(2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)methoxy]propyl] acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(COC(C)=O)OCN1C=CN=C1[N+]([O-])=O CBOOTRXEMHDXPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MKZISEAWYPSPBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-acetyloxy-2-[(3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methoxy]propyl] acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(COC(C)=O)OCN1C=NC([N+]([O-])=O)=N1 MKZISEAWYPSPBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 231100000215 acute (single dose) toxicity testing Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000011047 acute toxicity test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007912 intraperitoneal administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- KJIFKLIQANRMOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidanium;4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound O.CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 KJIFKLIQANRMOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001959 radiotherapy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- YZEUHQHUFTYLPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitroimidazole Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=NC=CN1 YZEUHQHUFTYLPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282693 Cercopithecidae Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000035999 Recurrence Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101150108015 STR6 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000700584 Simplexvirus Species 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 102000004142 Trypsin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000631 Trypsin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- DUOPMEBLLUYTNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-acetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethoxy)propyl] acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCOC(COC(C)=O)COC(C)=O DUOPMEBLLUYTNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTEXIPZMMDUXMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene;ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O.C1=CC=CC=C1 RTEXIPZMMDUXMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006285 cell suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940126214 compound 3 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000120 cytopathologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007954 hypoxia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003292 kidney cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006884 silylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium ethoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC[O-] QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIOVKLKJSOKLIF-HJWRWDBZSA-N trimethylsilyl (1z)-n-trimethylsilylethanimidate Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OC(/C)=N\[Si](C)(C)C SIOVKLKJSOKLIF-HJWRWDBZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012588 trypsin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004881 tumor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003501 vero cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D233/66—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D233/91—Nitro radicals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D249/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D249/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
- C07D249/08—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
- C07D249/10—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
Definitions
- This invention relates to a novel heterocyclic derivative of formula (I): ##STR5## wherein R 1 represents ##STR6## and R 2 represents a hydrogen atom or an acyl group; its preparation; and radiosensitizing agents and antiviral agents comprising the derivative as their active component.
- hypoxic cells in tumor tissues are strongly resistant to radiation. This fact is considered to be one of key factors that explains the obstinacy or recrudescence after radiotherapy. In view that hypoxic cells do not exist in normal tissues, it is very important to enhance the radiosensitivity of the hypoxic cells in tumor tissues in order to obtain better results from radiotherapy.
- radiosensitizing agents selectively directed to hypoxic cells (hereinafter referred to simply as radiosensitizing agents) and agents having antiviral activity. They found that compounds of formula (I) have low toxicity, high radiosensitizing effect, and antiviral activity even at a low concentration. The low toxicity of the compound is notable because toxicity has long been the most serious problem in this technical field.
- R 2 is acyl
- compounds of formula (I) of this invention can be prepared, for example, by the following process: ##STR7## wherein R 4 represents an acyl group and R 1 has the same meaning as defined above.
- compounds (Ia) of this invention can be prepared by reacting 1,3-diacyloxy-2-acyloxymethoxypropane (II) with a compound (III).
- the starting compound (II) is readily obtainable according, for example, to a method described in Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 80, 4139 (1983) by A. K. Fielol et al.
- the above reaction is carried out by melting a compound (II) and a compound (III) under a reduced pressure in the presence of a catalyst.
- a catalyst As suitable catalyst, mention may be made of: protic acids such as p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid and trichloroacetic acid; and Lewis acids such as anhydrous zinc chloride, anhydrous aluminum chloride and anhydrous stannic chloride.
- the proportion of compound (II) and compound (III) may be varied arbitrarily. Generally, it is recommended that the compound (II) be used in equivalent or a little excessive amount.
- the reaction temperature is preferably from 50° to 150° C.
- the reaction is preferably completed in between 30 minutes to 6 hours, depending on reagent, solvent, temperature, reaction accelerator, etc.
- compounds (Ia) of this invention can be obtained by reacting 1,3-diacyloxy-2-acyloxymethoxypropane (II) with compound (IV) which is sililated derivative of compound (III).
- the compounds (IV) are readily obtainable by reacting their corresponding compounds (III) with excessive amounts of N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide at room temperature or under heat while stirring. Unreacted silylation agents are removed by distillation under reduced pressure.
- the reaction process according to this invention is carried out in the presence of a Lewis acid.
- Various Lewis acids are usable, and specific examples include anhydrous stannic chloride, anhydrous aluminum chloride, anhydrous zinc chloride, etc. They are preferably used in a catalytic amount or equivalent amount of compound (II).
- the proportion of compound (II) and compound (IV) may be varied arbitrarily. In general, it is recommended that the compound (II) be used in an equimolar or a slightly excessive amount with respect to compound (IV).
- Various solvents can be used in this reaction, which include acetonitrile, methylene chloride, benzene, toluene, etc.
- the reaction proceeds at temperatures ranging from -30° to +50° C., and generally under water cooling conditions or at room temperature.
- the reaction is preferably completed in between 30 minutes to 6 hours, depending on reagent, solvent, temperature, reaction accelerator, etc.
- the objective products are separated from the reaction mixture and purified according to a conventional method.
- the reaction mixture is subjected to extraction process, followed by condensation after washing the extract, and the residue being purified by chromatography to obtain a compound (Ia) at a high yield.
- deacylation process is such that proceeds in absolute alcohol containing sodium alcoholate or in absolute alcohol saturated with ammonia, at a temperature ranging from 0° C. to room temperature over a few hours to overnight.
- suitable deacylation is hydrolysis in water-alcohol using an organic base such as triethylamine, pyridine, etc. at a temperature ranging from room temperature to 80° C.
- suitable alcohol lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and propanol may be mentioned.
- Compounds (I) of this invention have low toxicity as shown by the test below, and have excellent radio-sensitizing ability as well as antiviral activity. They are preferably dosed 5 minutes to 5 hours prior to irradiation either orally or non-orally. They may be formed into tablets, capsules, granules, powders, sapositories or injections together with excipients, stabilizers, preservatives, modifiers, etc. as required. The administration amount depends on the patient's age, the region where tumor is produced, species and types of tumor, conditions of the patient, etc., and is preferably 0.2 to 5.0 g/m 2 body surface.
- mice of 5 week old were intravenously or intraperitoneally administered with various compounds each dissolved in a physiological saline or in a physiological saline containing 10% DMSO. The mice were observed over 14 days and 50% death rates (LD 50/14 ) were obtained. The results are shown in Table 1.
- a mixture gas of 95% nitrogen and 5% carbon dioxide was passed through cell suspension.
- Tested compound Compound (3), 1 mM
- mice Balb/c mice
- Tested compound compound (3), 200 mg/kg
- Enhancement ratio was obtained from irradiation dose and reduction ratio of tumor cells.
- Herpes simplex virus type I Herpes simplex virus type II
- Vero monkey kidney cells
- a sample conditioned to contain 2 ⁇ 10 5 /ml of vero cells was cultured at 37° C. in an atmosphere of 5% CO 2 for 1 day to obtain a monolayer sample.
- the sample was infected by HSV virus diluted with PBS (phosphate buffer).
- Compound (I) was dissolved in DMSO, then adjusted to have concentrations of 100 ⁇ g/ml, 50 ⁇ g/ml, 10 ⁇ g/ml, 5 ⁇ g/ml and 1 ⁇ g/ml by 2% FBS MEM, and served as test agents.
- the culture cells were added with each agent separately and incubated at 37° C. in a CO 2 incubator for one day. The cytopathic effect was observed under microscope. Cells were stained by crystal violet and scored as follows:
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Communicable Diseases (AREA)
- Oncology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
A novel heterocyclic derivative of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R1 represents ##STR2## and R2 represents hydrogen or acyl. When R2 is acyl, the derivative can be prepared, for example, by the following process: ##STR3## wherein R4 is acyl and R1 is ##STR4## The derivative is less toxic and has radiosensitizing activity and antiviral activity even at a low concentration.
Radiosensitizing agents and antiviral agents containing the derivative as active component are also disclosed.
Description
This is a division of application Ser. No. 247,376, filed on Sept. 21, 1988, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,945,102.
1) Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a novel heterocyclic derivative of formula (I): ##STR5## wherein R1 represents ##STR6## and R2 represents a hydrogen atom or an acyl group; its preparation; and radiosensitizing agents and antiviral agents comprising the derivative as their active component.
2) Description of the Background Art
Hypoxic cells in tumor tissues are strongly resistant to radiation. This fact is considered to be one of key factors that explains the obstinacy or recrudescence after radiotherapy. In view that hypoxic cells do not exist in normal tissues, it is very important to enhance the radiosensitivity of the hypoxic cells in tumor tissues in order to obtain better results from radiotherapy.
Meanwhile, viral infectious diseases which attack mammals including humans are contagious and bring agony and economic loss to our society. Only limited viral infectious diseases are curable by currently available antiviral agents, and new synthetic antiviral agents stand in demand.
Under the above circumstances, the present inventors conducted intensive studies for developing agents capable of selectively sensitizing hypoxic cells without affecting the sensitivity of normal cells at the time of irradiation, in other words, radiosensitizing agents selectively directed to hypoxic cells (hereinafter referred to simply as radiosensitizing agents) and agents having antiviral activity. They found that compounds of formula (I) have low toxicity, high radiosensitizing effect, and antiviral activity even at a low concentration. The low toxicity of the compound is notable because toxicity has long been the most serious problem in this technical field.
Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide a heterocyclic derivative of formula (I) and a process for preparing the derivative. It is another object of the invention to provide a radiosensitizing agent and an antiviral agent comprising the derivative as their active component.
When R2 is acyl, compounds of formula (I) of this invention can be prepared, for example, by the following process: ##STR7## wherein R4 represents an acyl group and R1 has the same meaning as defined above.
In other words, compounds (Ia) of this invention can be prepared by reacting 1,3-diacyloxy-2-acyloxymethoxypropane (II) with a compound (III). The starting compound (II) is readily obtainable according, for example, to a method described in Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 80, 4139 (1983) by A. K. Fielol et al.
The above reaction is carried out by melting a compound (II) and a compound (III) under a reduced pressure in the presence of a catalyst. As suitable catalyst, mention may be made of: protic acids such as p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid and trichloroacetic acid; and Lewis acids such as anhydrous zinc chloride, anhydrous aluminum chloride and anhydrous stannic chloride. The proportion of compound (II) and compound (III) may be varied arbitrarily. Generally, it is recommended that the compound (II) be used in equivalent or a little excessive amount. The reaction temperature is preferably from 50° to 150° C. The reaction is preferably completed in between 30 minutes to 6 hours, depending on reagent, solvent, temperature, reaction accelerator, etc.
The compounds (Ia) of this invention can also be prepared according to the following process: ##STR8## wherein R4 as same as defined above and R5 represents ##STR9##
In other words, compounds (Ia) of this invention can be obtained by reacting 1,3-diacyloxy-2-acyloxymethoxypropane (II) with compound (IV) which is sililated derivative of compound (III).
The compounds (IV) are readily obtainable by reacting their corresponding compounds (III) with excessive amounts of N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide at room temperature or under heat while stirring. Unreacted silylation agents are removed by distillation under reduced pressure.
The reaction process according to this invention is carried out in the presence of a Lewis acid. Various Lewis acids are usable, and specific examples include anhydrous stannic chloride, anhydrous aluminum chloride, anhydrous zinc chloride, etc. They are preferably used in a catalytic amount or equivalent amount of compound (II).
The proportion of compound (II) and compound (IV) may be varied arbitrarily. In general, it is recommended that the compound (II) be used in an equimolar or a slightly excessive amount with respect to compound (IV). Various solvents can be used in this reaction, which include acetonitrile, methylene chloride, benzene, toluene, etc. The reaction proceeds at temperatures ranging from -30° to +50° C., and generally under water cooling conditions or at room temperature. The reaction is preferably completed in between 30 minutes to 6 hours, depending on reagent, solvent, temperature, reaction accelerator, etc.
After the reaction is completed, the objective products are separated from the reaction mixture and purified according to a conventional method. For instance, the reaction mixture is subjected to extraction process, followed by condensation after washing the extract, and the residue being purified by chromatography to obtain a compound (Ia) at a high yield.
Going back to the general formula (I), compounds (I) having hydrogen as R2 can be prepared by deacylation of compounds (Ia) as shown below: ##STR10##
One example of the deacylation process is such that proceeds in absolute alcohol containing sodium alcoholate or in absolute alcohol saturated with ammonia, at a temperature ranging from 0° C. to room temperature over a few hours to overnight. Another example of suitable deacylation is hydrolysis in water-alcohol using an organic base such as triethylamine, pyridine, etc. at a temperature ranging from room temperature to 80° C. As suitable alcohol, lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and propanol may be mentioned.
Examples of the novel compounds (I) of this invention are:
(1) 1-[2-acetoxy-1-(acetoxymethyl)ethoxy]methyl-2-nitroimidazol,
(2) 1-[2-acetoxy-1-(acetoxymethyl)ethoxy]methyl-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol,
(3) 1-[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxy]methyl-2-nitroimidazol,
(4) 1-[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxy]methyl-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol.
In this specification, the above compounds (1) to (4) will hereinafter be referred to as compound (1), compound (2), compound (3) and compound (4).
Compounds (I) of this invention have low toxicity as shown by the test below, and have excellent radio-sensitizing ability as well as antiviral activity. They are preferably dosed 5 minutes to 5 hours prior to irradiation either orally or non-orally. They may be formed into tablets, capsules, granules, powders, sapositories or injections together with excipients, stabilizers, preservatives, modifiers, etc. as required. The administration amount depends on the patient's age, the region where tumor is produced, species and types of tumor, conditions of the patient, etc., and is preferably 0.2 to 5.0 g/m2 body surface.
Acute toxicity test and other tests regarding radiosensitising ability and antiviral activity were carried out using the compounds of the present invention.
(1) Acute toxicity test
ICR strain male mice of 5 week old were intravenously or intraperitoneally administered with various compounds each dissolved in a physiological saline or in a physiological saline containing 10% DMSO. The mice were observed over 14 days and 50% death rates (LD50/14) were obtained. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 __________________________________________________________________________ Compound Dose Nos. Administration (mg/kg) Dead/Treated LD.sub.50/14 General Status __________________________________________________________________________ 1 intraperitoneal 720 0/2 >860 Clamed down " 860 0/2 2 intraperitoneal 600 0/2 790 Transient respiratory accelera- " 720 0/2 tion after administration, then " 860 2/2 calmed down 3 intravenous 720 0/2 >860 Calmed down " 860 0/2 4 intravenous 720 0/2 860 Calmed down " 860 1/2 __________________________________________________________________________
(2) Radiosensitivity test (a) In vitro test 1
Cells used in the test: single cells of EMT-6
Irradiation: 60 Co - gamma rays
Cell treatment to hypoxia:
A mixture gas of 95% nitrogen and 5% carbon dioxide was passed through cell suspension.
Survival ratio of cells:
Determined by counting colonies.
Radiosensitivity enhancement ratio (ER): ##EQU1## The results of this test are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 ______________________________________ Compound Nos. Concentration (mM) ER ______________________________________ 3 1.0 1.70 4 1.0 1.50 ______________________________________
(b) In vitro test 2
Cells used in the test: Spheroids of EMT-6
Irradiation: 60 Co - gamma rays
Tested compound: Compound (3), 1 mM
Determination of radiosensitivity enhancement:
Six particles of spheroid having a certain size were taken and placed in a culture solution containing compound 3) having a concentration of 1 mM, and incubated at 37° C. over 30 to 60 minutes, followed by irradiation. The spheroids were treated by trypsin and then the enhancement ratio (ER) was obtained by counting colonies.
The result obtained was: ER of compound (3) at a concentration of 1 mM=1.55
(c) In vivo test
Animal: Balb/c mice
Tumor: EMT-6
Tested compound: compound (3), 200 mg/kg
Administration:
Compound (3) dissolved in a physiological saline was intraperitoneally administered 20 minutes prior to irradiation.
Irradiation: 60 Co - gamma rays,
whole body irradiation,
Determination of radiosensitivity enhancement:
Enhancement ratio (ER) was obtained from irradiation dose and reduction ratio of tumor cells.
The result obtained was: ER of compound (3) (200 mg/kg)=1.55
(3) Antiviral activity test
Virus: Herpes simplex virus type I
Cells: Vero (monkey kidney cells)
Culture medium: 2% FBS MEM
A sample conditioned to contain 2×105 /ml of vero cells was cultured at 37° C. in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 for 1 day to obtain a monolayer sample. The sample was infected by HSV virus diluted with PBS (phosphate buffer). Compound (I) was dissolved in DMSO, then adjusted to have concentrations of 100 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml, 5 μg/ml and 1 μg/ml by 2% FBS MEM, and served as test agents. The culture cells were added with each agent separately and incubated at 37° C. in a CO2 incubator for one day. The cytopathic effect was observed under microscope. Cells were stained by crystal violet and scored as follows:
0: almost all cells are dead
1: certain effect of the agent with some dead cells
2: normal
The results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 ______________________________________ 100 50 10 5 1 Compound Nos. μg/ml μg/ml μg/ml μg/ml μg/ml ______________________________________ 3 2 2 1 0 0 4 2 2 1 0 0 ______________________________________
This invention may be more fully understood from the following examples.
5.6 g of 2-nitroimidazol, 12.4 g of 1,3-diacetoxy-2-acetoxymethoxypropane and 0.5 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate were placed in a flask connected with a trap for reducing pressure by an aspirator. The flask was heated by oil bath of 130°-140° C. under reduced pressure while stirred. Acetic acid was distilled out as the reaction proceeded. In about 15 minutes, the reaction was completed. After cooling down to room temperature, the content was added with about 300 ml ethyl acetate and subjected to extraction. The extract was washed with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate, and with water in this order. Then it was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by separable high performance liquid chromatography through silica gel columns using a mixture solvent (ethyl acetate - benzene) as an eluate to obtain 13.3 g of the title compound as a viscous oil material (yield: 88.6%).
MS(m/e): 301(M+)
IR(cm-1): 1740 (CO), 1535 (NO2), 1490 (NO2)
NMR(δ, CDCl3) 2.0 (s, 6H, CH3 CO x 2), 3.8-4.3 (m, 5H, --CH2 OAc x 2, >CH--), 5.9 (s, 2H, --OCH2 N<), 7.1 (s, 1H, ring proton), 7.4 (s, 1H, ring proton)
General procedures of Example 1 were followed to obtain the title compound as a viscous oil material (yield: about 83%).
MS(m/e): 302(M+)
IR(cm-1) 1740 (CO), 1555 (NO2), 1500 (NO2),
NMR(δ, CDCl3): 2.0(s, 6H, CH3 CO x 2), 3.8-4.3 (m, 5H, --CH2 OAc x 2, >CH--), 5.9 (s, 2H, --OCH2 N>), 8.7 (s, 1H, ring proton)
3.01 g of 1-[2-acetoxy-1-(acetoxynethyl)ethoxy]- methyl-2-nitroimidazol (compound (1)) was dissolved in 50 ml of absolute methanol, and stirred at room temperature while being added with 5% absolute ethanol solution of sodium ethoxide dropwise until pH reached 9.0. Stirred at room temperature over 3 hours. Then Dowex 50 W (H+, made by Dow Chemical) was slowly added until the liquid had a pH of 7.0. Dowex 50 W was removed by suction filtration, and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure. The residue was subjected to recrystallization by ethanol to obtain 2.83 g of the title compound as light yellow needles (yield: 94%).
Melting point: 88° C.
MS(m/e): 218 (M+1), 185, 114, 98
IR(cm-1): 3450 (OH), 1540 (NO2), 1490 (NO2)
NMR [δ, DMSO(d6)]: 3.2-3.6 (m, 5H, --CH2 OH x 2, >CH--), 4.6 (t, 2H, OHx 2), 5.9(s, 2H, --OCH2 N>), 7.15(s, 1H, ring proton), 7.8 (s, 1H, ring proton)
General procedures of Example 3 were followed to obtain the title compound as colorless needles (yield: 95%).
Melting point: 132° C.
MS(m/e): 219 (M+1), 205, 185
IR(cm-1): 3450 (OH), 1560 NO2), 1500 (NO2)
NMR[δ, DMSO(d6)]: 3.3-3.8 (m, 5H, --CH2 OH x 2, >CH--), 4.6 (t, 2H, OHx 2), 5.8 (s, 2H, --OCH2 N>), 9.0 s, 1H, H in 5th position)
Claims (3)
1. A heterocyclic derivative of the following formula (I): ##STR11## wherein R1 represents ##STR12## and R2 represents a hydrogen atom or an acetyl group.
2. A radiosensitizing composition comprising as its active component a radiosensitizing effective amount of a heterocyclic derivative of formula I: ##STR13## wherein R1 represents ##STR14## and R2 represents a hydrogen atom or an acetyl group.
3. An antiviral composition comprising as its active component an antiviral effective amount of a heterocyclic derivative of the formula (I): ##STR15## wherein R1 represents ##STR16## and R2 represents a hydrogen atom or an acetyl group.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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JP62267485A JPH0819111B2 (en) | 1987-10-22 | 1987-10-22 | 2-Nitroimidazole derivative and radiosensitizer containing the same as active ingredient |
JP62-267485 | 1987-10-22 |
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US07/247,376 Division US4945102A (en) | 1987-10-22 | 1988-09-21 | Heterocyclic derivatives and radiosensitizing agents and antiviral agents comprising same as their active component |
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US5064849A true US5064849A (en) | 1991-11-12 |
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US07/510,869 Expired - Lifetime US5064849A (en) | 1987-10-22 | 1990-04-18 | Heterocyclic derivatives useful as radiosensitizing agents and antiviral agents |
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US07/247,376 Expired - Lifetime US4945102A (en) | 1987-10-22 | 1988-09-21 | Heterocyclic derivatives and radiosensitizing agents and antiviral agents comprising same as their active component |
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US (2) | US4945102A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0312858B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH0819111B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR960011379B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1329392C (en) |
DE (1) | DE3868308D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2032514T3 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0312858B1 (en) | 1992-02-05 |
US4945102A (en) | 1990-07-31 |
ES2032514T3 (en) | 1993-02-16 |
KR960011379B1 (en) | 1996-08-22 |
DE3868308D1 (en) | 1992-03-19 |
KR890006599A (en) | 1989-06-14 |
JPH01110675A (en) | 1989-04-27 |
JPH0819111B2 (en) | 1996-02-28 |
EP0312858A1 (en) | 1989-04-26 |
CA1329392C (en) | 1994-05-10 |
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