US505789A - Ingrain carpet fabric - Google Patents

Description

2. .fu n v e h ,S w e e h S 3 C. I KTM CA IF Wm DP Rm AG HN. .M HR nu N I M D nu .m m e p rw Patented Sept. 26, 1893.l

3513 @Hoang/y (Specimens.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3. H. HARDWIGK.

INGRAIN CARPET FABRIC. No. 505,789. Patented Sept. 26, 1893.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HARRY HARDVVICK, CF THOMPSONVILLE, CONNECTICUT.

INGRAIN CARPET FABRIC.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 505,789, dated September 26, 1893.

Application tiled May 2l, 1891. Serial No. 393,556. (Specimens.)

To a/ZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HARRY HARDWIOK, a citizen of the United States, residing at Thompsonville, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Ingrain Carpet Fabrics, which improvement is fully set forth in the following specification and accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof.

The invention relates to ingrain carpet fabrics and it has for its object to increase the range of design and color effects attainable on the face and back of such a carpet andat the same time to retain much of the economy and the close woven structure of two-ply ingrain carpet associated with the greater thickness of three-ply ingrain carpets and a solid homogeneous structure in parts associated with embossing effects or raised effects in the pattern.

The fabric embodying my invention has two faces formed of interwoven warp threads and weft threads,and all the said warp threads throughout one set or unit of the structure are confined to one or the other of said faces.

--while in the bag-weave portions said intervening weft threads float between the faces.

The accompanying drawings illustrate diagrammatically the interweaving of the threads in a piece of fabric embodying my invention in one of the best forms of embodi ment known to me.

Figure 1 shows a cross section or section cut across parallel to the weft threads of the fabric. Figs. 2 to 13, inclusive, show' longitudinal sections or sections cut longitudinally parallel to the warp threads of the different eifects represented in Fig. l, each figureshowing two sets of weft threads. Fig.,2r`=shows the Iirsteffect `ot' Fig. 1, Fig. 3 the second, Fig. 4.

the third and so on in regular order, Fig. 13 showing the twelfth elfect of Fig. 1.

In my improved fabric I employ figuring Warp threads and Vfiguring weft threads.

My broad invention contemplates the employment of figuring weft threads in sets of six or more in a set, departing from the twoply ingrain fabric in that respect; and contemplates the employment of warp threads less in number in a set than the weft threads. When my entire invention is embodied I employ the weft threads in sets of eight in a set, and the warp threads in sets of fonrin a set.

Referring to the particular fabric illustrated in the drawings the weft threads are represented in Fig. l each by a single line in v the drawings and are numbered in the order of their introduction in the weaving 1, 2, 3, 4., 5, 6, 7, and 8. In this figure the warp threads are represented in section by the circles andl their colors by the character of circle according to the key-chart. for warps.

In Figs. 2 to 13 inclusive, the weft threads are represented in section by circles numbered to correspond with Fig. l', and the warp threads are represented by lines lettered w, b, o and fr, respectively, to indicate the warp threads represented in Fig. 1 as having thecolors white, black, orange and red, respectively. It is of course to be understood that` any suitable colors may be employed, and that those represented. in the drawings are simply for purposes of illustration. The drawings are merely intended to indicate the `method of interweaving and not the relative sizes of the warp and weft threads nor their exact relative positions in the finished fabric after the beating up. In practice, of course, the wefts are ordinarily heavier than the warps. This is to some extent indicated by the relative dimensions of the circlesI representing the sections of weft threads in Figs. 2 to 13, inclusive and those representing the warp threads in Fig. 1. l l The dotted vertical lines in all the figures separate the complete sets of threads from each other. In Fig. 1 eacharrangement of these complete sets is duplicated once in order to show it more clearly, with a slight change in the warping in each case, and there- IOC the lower ply in Fign3, r andb being in the lower ply in Fig. 2 and in the upper ply in Fig. 3. These resemblances and differences will be observed throughout the remaining pairs of figures. the arrangement of. weft threads is the same in Figs. 8 and 9 as in Figs. 12 and 13, the

weft threads 1 and 5 being in Vthe lower face or ply, and the weft threads 4 and 8 being in the upper face or ply in all four figures. :The differences llie kin the-arrangements of warp threads.l :For instance the warp thread win Fig. 8..-shows upon. the. upperface of the fabric covering the weft thread 4, while in F-ig.12 it is-a1so;npon the upperffacebutcovering the weft thread 82; in,y Fig. .9; upon the lowerface andy coveringy the weftthread 5, and in Fig. 13e` also uponath'ezlower face but. covering: the Wefnthread 1.; Again,.the warp thread ris infthefnpper. face .or ply .in f Figs; 8y and 13, Wzhile: it,is';in the lower face or ply inFigs-.Q andy12. --Itzis'to beobserved. also thatin the arrangement sho'wn in Figs. 10 an'df11,v'ery nearlythe same. color,l effect is shown upon the upper. face-ofthe fabric as in Figs. 8 and 9,. .12? and 13, (thef same wefts beingexposed covered however -bydierent warps).althongh the fabric-isA shown'asy bag-weave in Figs. 8 and 2, 12fand-1'3,and:solid weavein Figs. l0 and 1.1.y It -is understood of course,th'at each arrangement may :be: continued as ilong.- inthe weaving asis required-.iv z f 1 The drawings showu six dierent arrangements that m'ay be usedfin lthe pattern. Three of: these/arrangements .forma solidl'or homogeneousweave, and are represented in Fig.= -1- as 4the first, third andifth, beginning atqthe left,v and' are separately. represented `in Eigs.,2iand3,-6 :and 77,1andzfl0 and 11. .The other three forman open or vba-weave, and arefrepresentedfinFig. l as the second, fourth andysiXth,l beginning at` they left,.\1and"are separatelyrepresented in Figs. 4 and', 8 and 95:'2iUdgl-2-/Udl3. .1. f 'i f 2 It will.. be noted that throughout the differentfsetsrepresentedin the drawings thereis always at leastionefweft thread lioating -in'the centerof the fabric between the plies: In the setrepresentedyin Figs. 2 and 3,-thereare threeoftheseiwefts numbered 2,16 and:Y 7, re-A spectively between the plies, inv Figs. ,4, 5,*6 andqythcre are twowefts of aset .between the plies, in Figs. 10 and 1l there is lbut vone weftofa set between the. plies, While in Figs.

8, 9,112 and 13, there are fourwefts of a set between the plies. It will also be noted that at-least,two oft-he weft threads are'finter-l woven with: warpthreads :to form each face ofthe fabric."` `Thusin the arrangement shown in Figs. 2 and 3 there are two weft It is to be noted also thatthreads (1 and 5) interwoven in the upper ply, two other weft threads (4 and 8) interwoven in the'lower ply, land one weft thread (3, see also Fig. 1) interwoven in both plies, and passing from one ply to the other, thus binding the two faces or plies together. In the arrangement shown in Figs. 4 and 5, there "are two we'fts (2 and 6) interwoven in the npper ply, and four wefts (3, 4, 7 and 8) inter- ;wovenin the'lower ply. In Fig. 6 there are two wefts (3 and 7) interwoven in the upper ply, two wefts (2 and 6) interwoven in the lower ply, and two wefts (1 and 5, see also Fig. 1) interwoven in both plies and serving to bind thetwo faces or plies together. In the arrangement shown in Figs. 8 and 9, there are two wefts (4 and 8)interwoven in the'npper ply, and twowefts (land 5) interwoven in the lowerply.;` v'Ihis'isalso true: of the arrangementf'shown iin` Figs-w12 and' 13. Inthearran'gement shown' in Figs'. lOan'dl'l there aret-wo'wefts (4 and=8) interwoven in the upperfply,=three -wefts(1, 5 andf) interwovenin the lower ply,=`and two wefts (3;and 7) interwoven inf-both plies and servingfto bind the two plies or faces together.

-In the firstlarrangeinentE shown'-1 in Fig. 1, (also 'separately shown in' Figs; `2f and '3) Vthe face: isI formed offwefts 1- and 5 spotted 'with weft'3, and of-warp'sw and 0 in one-part,"an`d warps bandr inthe other-partir *The back isfformed of wefts 4' and -8spott'ed with weft 3, andiofzwarpsb and r in one-part, andf-'warps w-andio inthe other parti* Weftsf2,6land17 float inthe center of #the fabricbet-wee'n the two:l faces, andi'are notthere interwovenw'ith the warp threads but lie loose. Weft 3 however bind's .the fabric asa whole down into a solid 'andhomogeneou's fabric. 'lnfth'e second arrangement (separately: shown in Figs'ftan'd 5)"t'l1e face is formed of' wefts '6 a-nd2,*la'ndv of warps wand r inonepart, and'warps-' and o'finlthet other part. lThe'baick' is'formedffof weftsf3iand4and 7 and f8, andof vwarpsb and 0 in .one part and warps w and r in the' other part. ^Wefts 1 andl float in thecen-ter-bel tween thet'wo faces,andgarenot'thererinterL Woven with the warp threads butflieA loose. Similarly, thethird arrangement(separately shownffin Figs and 7)' has A-theweft threads 7fand=3-with`5 an'dlon the facefand 2 andG with I5 and 1 on-'the bach-and "warp threads as= indicated inl the'fidrawings. \Th'e`"weft threads 5-and 1*'bindtheffabricat this place into adsolidand homogeneousfa'bricw Sol-in the-fifth arrangement (Figs'.' 10and 11) the fabric issolidlan'dfhomogeneous, beingbou'nd together by the weft threads 3 and-7:Al Inthe fourthi(Figs. 8-and 9)-and-six'th(Figs. 1-2Iand 13).: arrangements shown; four' of theeiglrt weftsvlioat in the'centeiz At t-hese plac'esin the fabric, by reason of the open or bag-weave and the presence ofthe oating'wefts inthe center, the pattern Vwill present an embossed IIC or raisedapp'earancestanding out f-rornthe surrounding parts.I "Thisisfan important' feature of my invention and will be found to greatlyadd to the beauty and variety of the patterns that can be produced.- In the second arrangement (Figs. t and 5) where only two of the eight wefts float in the center, the embossing or raised effect is not quite so marked but is still present.

It is my purpose in practically applying the invention to goods woven for the market to weave the great bulk of the goods into the solid and homogeneous fabric illustrated in the first, third and fifth arrangements shown in the drawings, and to weave only small portions into the open or bag-weave fabric illustrated in the second, fourth and sixth arrange ments shown in the drawings, reserving the latter for smaller and special or more important parts of the pattern thatare to be given prominence. This causes the fabric as a whole to be largely a solid fabric mechanically (thereby adding toits wearing qualities) and to be largely a ground or setting for the embossed or raised parts aesthetically (thereby adding to its beauty).

In the diagrams successive sets of thread are separated by dotted lines, but it should be understood that the arrangementof threads in any set may be repeated in the pattern as often as desired; and my improved Weave may be used in a portion or portions only of fabric, if desired.

Many-other arrangements may be employed in the pattern by the skilled designer and weaver, not necessary to be here specifically shown, each presenting on the face a dierent color effect, and each forming either a solid or homogeneous fabric tied together by weft threads of each set in the homogeneous portions, or an open or bag-weave fabric with one or more weft threads floating in the fabric between the faces.

My present invention is not limited to the i particular warping or method of interweaving the warp threads shown in the drawings, nor to the particular arrangement of the weft threads there shown, as these may be greatly varied without departing from my invention.

It has not been deemed necessary in this specification to give a detailed descriptionof the successive changes in the operation of the loom involvedrin the production of a fabric such as that described herein. The mechanism must be such as to operate the warp threads in the way desired to produce the fabric described, and suitable forms of such mechanism may readilybe devised on an understanding of the fabric itself.

The advantages of this fabric can be well explained upon consideration of a single set or any number of repetitions of the same set, first, in the solid weave portions, then in the bag weave portions. In the solid weave portions both surfaces are closely woven, are in fact as closely woven as in the bag weave portions of two-ply carpet, being composed of warp threads distributed through the two faces or face plies of the carpet and each confined to one ply, and also of some of the weft threads similarly confined to one ply, these warps and wefts being interwoven in their respective plies and forming in fact single cloths, and these` faces or plies are tied together by some of the remaining weft l threads into a homogeneous fabric. `This tying together of the fabric by weft threads does not therefore interfere with the closely woven character of the faces of the fabric.

There are in this homogeneous portion weft" fabric there is 4the same close weaving of the surfaces by warps and wefts interwoven in their respective plies as in the solid weave portions. There are floating weft threads cushioning the surface plies, but as the fabi ric is in these portions not tied together "by either warp or weft threads these floating threads hold the plies slightly apart, produc ing embossed effects in contrast with the homogeneous portions of the fabric. Thus my improvement securesa closely woven web" for each face or exposed surface of the goods. It also secures a fabric that is softer to the tread than either two-ply or three-ply carpet, and yet has in all its surfaces the closely woven character of the bag-weave portions of two-ply carpet, and besides has greater color and design possibilities than either the two-ply or three-ply carpet, and also has embossed effects in portions of the pattern in contrast to other portions of the fabric.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is 1. An ingrain carpet fabric consisting of figuring weft threads and figuring warp threads, the warps being arranged in sets having a less number of threads in a set than the weft threads, said fabric having some of the weft threads of each set interwoven with some of the warp threads at one side of thel fabric to form one face of the fabric, some of the remaining weft threads of each set being interwoven with the remainingl warp threads to form the other face of the fabric, the fabric being in some parts a solid and homogeneous fabric tied together by some of the weft threads in each set of weft threads in such homogeneous part of the fabric, and the fabric being in other partsan open or bagweave fabric having one or more weft threads eight in a set and figuring warp threads ar n ranged in sets of four in a set, some of the weft threads of each set being interwoven with two of the warp threads of each set toA form one face of the fabric, some of the remaining weft threads of each set being interwoven with the two remaining warp thrueads IOO IIO

of a set to form the other face of the fabric, threads oating between the faces in :such the fcbric being .in ,some parts e solid .and bag-Weave portions, .substantially/,as KVand for homogeneous fabric tied together by some of the purpose set forth.

the weft threads in each set of weft threads HARRY HA-RDW-IOK. 5 in such homogeneous part of the fabric, and Witnesses:

the fabric being in other `parts an open or WILLIS GOWDY,

bag-Weaye 4fabric having one or ,in orel yweft H. L. VIETTS.

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