US499387A - Justin hippolyte simeon jechoux - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.)

' J. H. S. JEOHOUX.

PERSPEGTOGRAPH. N0.49'9,387. Patented June 13, 1893.

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UNITED STATES PATENT ()FFI E.

JUSTIN HIPPOLYTE SIMEON JEOI-IOUX, OF VERRI NOIRE, FRANCE.

PERSPECTOGRAPH.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 499,387, dated June 13, 1893.

Application filed October 10, 1892. Serial No. 448,463. (No model.) Patented in France April 22. 1892, No. 220,997.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTIN HIPPOLYTE SIMEON J EOHOUX, tutor, a citizen of the French Republic, residing at Verri N oire, (Loire,) in the Republic of France, have invented a certain new and useful Perspectograph, (for which I have obtained Letters Patent in France, No. 220,997, dated April 22, 1l) 892,) of which the following is a specificaion.

This invention relates to a perspectograph in which a telescope and a pencil are so mounted that the movements of the one are imparted to the other in such manner that when any given point of the object is viewed through the telescope, the position of the point of the pencil will indicate the corresponding position of such point on a plane horizontal surface such as a sheet of paper. By viewng various points of the object and marking the positions of such points on the drawing paper a correct perspective picture of the object can be obtained.

In the accompanying drawings Figure 1, is a front elevation of a perspectograph constructed in accordance with this invention. Fig. 2 is a section taken on the line a b of Fig. 1 looking in the direction of the arrow shown; and Fig. 3 is an enlarged detail view.

The same letters of reference are used to denote the same or corresponding parts in all the figures.

The instrument is composed of three principal parts, a telescope a, a pencil b, and a slide 0 to which the telescope and the pencil are respectively connected by rods p and q. The slide 0 is made in the form of a loose collar capable of being slid on a horizontal rod cl which latter is carried by a double collar'z' on a vertical standard h the foot j of which is firmly secured to the table or other plane horizontal surface t on which the drawing paper is placed. The double collar 7: is provided with two set screws or equivalent devices one of which serves to clamp the collar in any suitable position on the standard h while the other serves to clamp the horizontal rod d in any convenient position in the collar 11 thus providing for vertical and horizontal adjustment of the rod d. At one extremity of the horizontal rod dis fixed asegmental piece 6 slightly larger than a semicircle, in which are two diametrically opposite pinsfandf', the outer one of which is formed on the end of a set screw, so that it may be adjusted as required. The two pins f and f are in a line with a prolongation of the axis of the horizontal rod 61 and between them support a circular ring g the periphery of which is provided with depressions or bushes in which the pins f and f take. To fix this ring g in positi,on,the set screw pin f is loos- 'ened, one of the bushes on the periphery of the ring is placed over the fixed pin f and the set screw is then tightened up causing its pin f to engage with the other peripheral bush and the ring is then capable of being turned about on the pins f and f as a horizontal axis and without any side-play.

From the foregoing description it will be seen (first) that the ring g is capable of rotation about a fixed diameter passing through the pins f and f and coincides with the axis of the horizontal'rod d; and (second) that the center of the ring 9 will occupy a constant position on the prolonged axis of the rod 01 whatever the position of the ring may be.

The telescope is composed of a cylindrical tube, the axis of which is determined partly by the center of an extremely small aperture formed in a diaphragm placed on or over the eye-piece, and partly by the point of contact of two crossing threads placed in the objective. The telescope is rigidly secured to two exactly similar rodsl and Z placed perpendicular to the axis of the telescope. To fix the telescope in position it is introduced into the ring 9 in such a manner that the extremities of the rods land Z rest against two set screws m. The upperset screw m screws from the outside completely through the thickness of the ring 9 as shown in Fig. 1, and in the detail view Fig. 3, while the lower set,

screw screws partiallyinto the ring g from the interior of said ring, and carries a pin in the center of its milled head, which pin rests against the extremities of the rod Z. The lower set screw cannot be passed from the outside through the thickness of the ring 9 on account of the saddle-piece 0, the function of which will be explained hereinafter. It will be seen that the telescope can rotate on a diameter passing through the set screws m, and rods Z and l, and that this diameter is perpendicular to the diameter ff of the ring g. It will also be seen that the center of the diameter which passes through the rods Z and Z will coincide with the center of the ring From the foregoing description it follows (first) that the axis of the telescope can be directed toward any point of the object, and (second) that the center of the ring 9 will always occupy a fixed position in space. It is in this fixed position that the eye of the observer is supposed to be placed and this fixed position then becomes the point of View.

The pencil b is secured at the extremity of a cylindrical tube a into which slides another tube n of about equal length. An upper rod 71" slides into the inner tube 7?. and is connected to the saddle-piece 0 the sides of which are rigidly secured to two rings g and g". These two rings g and g are of the same diameter as the ring 9, and fit into annular spaces, one 011 each side of the said ringg as shown by the section view Fig. 3, in such a manner that the axes of the rings g and g" coincide. The rings g g" fit loosely in the annular recesses, so that they are capable of rotation independently of the ring 9 and can move around their common axis through an angle of nearly one hundred and eighty degrees. They are maintained in position partly by the saddle-piece 0, and partly by circular flanges on the exterior of the ring 9. From the preceding description it follows:(first) thatthe axis of the pencil can be directed toward any point of the sheet of paper within the limits of the drawing to be produced by the instrument, and that the point of the pencil can be made to touch this point on the paper; (second) that in whatever direction it may be placed the axis of the pencil will always pass through the point of View.

The slides c is formed of a single ring of any convenient length, which is adapted to glide smoothly over the tube d. It is connected to the telescope by a rod 19 and to the saddle-piece 0 by another rod q. Those extremities of the rods 19 and g which are connected to the slides c are pivoted to the ends of two perpendicular diameters of a transverse vertical section of the slides. The other extremity of the rod 9 is jointed to the telescope in such a manner as to be capable of turning round an axis perpendicular to the axis of the telescope; while the other extremity of the rod q is jointed to the saddle-piece 0 so as to be capable of turning round an axis perpendicular to the axis of the pencil b. The two axes are equi-distant from the point of wow.

It will be seen from the preceding state mentz-(first) that the axis of the telescope lies in a plane passing through the axis of the rod (Z and with which it can make any desired angle; (second) that the axis of the pencil lies in another plane, also passing through the axis of the rod (Z With which it can make any desired angle; (third) that the two planes are perpendicular to each other in every position, as if one of the planes is turned around their line of intersection as a common axis, the other plane is caused to turn around the same axis and to an equal extent; (fourth) that the angles formed by the axis of the telescope and the axis of the pencil with the axis of the tube d are adjacent and constantly equal; (fifth) that the axis of rotation of the telescope is perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the pencil and that the axis of the rod d is perpendicular to each of the two others; (sixth) that the point of view, the point of the pencil, and the point where the axis of rotation of the rod q meets the axis of the tubes at and n are always in the same straight line.

To use the perspectograph, it is fixed by means of a catch or equivalent device on the foot j to a horizontal table 15 before which the operator stands. The rod dis then so placed that its axis will be truly horizontal and actuated above the sheet of paper on which the drawing or perspective picture is to be made. The drawing paper is firmly secured to the tablet.

To obtain the perspective of any object the instrument is placed at a suitable distance and the axis of the telescope is directed toward any one of the points of the object, at the same time the pencil is drawn outward until the point touches the paper. The point ,so marked is the exact projection of the point seen through the telescope. In the same manner the perspective of any number of points of the object can be marked on the paper and by properly uniting the points so marked, an exact perspective drawing or picture of the object viewed is obtained. The telescope is not worked directly with the hand, but by means of the pencil tube a. This latter is held in the hand and raised slightly above the surface of the paper; it is then moved about in different directions until the axis of the telescope points directly to a given point in the object. The pencil is then lowered without causing its axis to deviate from the direction obtained; and the point where it meets the paper, is the position in the perspective drawing of the point viewed.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. A perspectograph comprising a telescope or sighting apparatus mounted so as to be capable of turning in any direction, but with a point of its axis constantly fixed, and a penoil at the extremity of an extensible tube fitted in such manner that the axis of the pencil passes through the fixed point of the telescope, the telescope and the pencil being so connected together that the movements of the one are imparted to the other substantially as and for the purpose hereinbet'ore described.

2. In a perspectograph having a telescope or sighting apparatus and a pencil mounted so as to be capable of rotating at right angles to each other, means such as are herein described for connecting the pencil and the telescope together in such manner that the move ments of the one are imparted to the other substantially as and ,for the purpose hereinbefore described. c

3. In a perspectograph having a telescope or sighting apparatus and a pencil mounted so as to be capable of rotating at right angles to each other, connecting the telescope and the pencil together in such manner that the movements of the one are imparted to the other, by the employment of a slider capable of being slid along or rotated on a fixed horizontal rod, the axis of which is at right angles 'to the axes of the telescope and the pencil, 15

bination of a telescope, a pencil, and a slide for conveying the movements of the pencil to and from the telescope.

JUSTIN HIPPOLYTE Witnesses:

ANATOLE DAVID, JOSEPH CANETT.

SIMEON JECHOUX.

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