US492943A

US492943A - Boiler-furnace

Info

Publication number: US492943A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1893-03-07
Anticipated expiration: 1910-03-07

Description

(No Model.)

s. T. OWENS.

, BOILER FURNAOE.

No 492,943.- Patented Mar. 7, 1893.

rendered possible.

UNITED. STATES PATENT OFFICE.

SAMUEL T. OWENS, OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

BOILER-FURNACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 492,943, dated March 7, 1893.

Application filed July 24, 1891. Serial No. 400,666- (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, SAMUEL T. OWENS, a resident of Pittsburg, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Boiler-Furnaces; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

My invention relates to boiler furnaces, its object being to provide a boiler furnace in which a high heat may be generated throughout the length of the boiler, and in which a large saving of fuel can be effected; practically all the fuel introduced being entirely consumed, and therefore a greater proportion of heat generated than in the ordinary boiler furnace.

. My invention relates more particularly to that class of furnaces in which gaseous fuel or vaporized fuel, such as vaporized hydrocarbon is employed, though with some changes in construction it may be employed with the ordinary solid fuel.

.It consists, generally stated, in combining with the boiler a perforated arch extending longitudinally under the boiler and above the fire chamber, and one or more transverse perforated walls extending across the same in such way as to divide the space under the arch into compartments each forming a combustion chamber, and so to compel the gases and flame to pass through such perforated walls, the course of the gases being thus retarded in such way that a more perfect commingling of the air therewith is obtained, and the entire combustion of the gases therefore It also consists in certain improvements in the heating and introduction of the air, and in the dampers for controlling the passage of the heated products through the boiler, as will be hereinafter more particularly set forth and claimed.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will describe the same more fully, referring to'the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through one of the fiues of the boiler, the line of such section being shown at 11,Fig. 3. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section on the line 2-2, Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a cross section on the line 3-3, Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a detail view of the dampers controlling the fiues of the boiler; and Fig. 5 isa reduced cross section of a modification.

Like letters of reference indicate like parts in each.

I have illustrated the invention in connection with what is termed atwo flue boiler, the boiler A having the fiues a a extending longitudinally through the same, the boiler being suitably supported within the furnace. The furnace has the front wall'b, side walls 0 and back wall (1, the side walls b preferably extending up on each side of the boiler, so as to expose the sides thereof to the heat generated.

Extending over the floor e of the furnace is a series of longitudinal air heating .flues, six such fiues being shown in the drawings, and said fiues being formed of tubular tile, the tile being preferably rectangular in exterior shape, and being supported on suitable brick work, the bricks c fitting aroundthe meeting edges of the tiles 6 and closing the joints, but at the same time leaving the bodies of the tile between the joints free for the passage of the heat around the same, so as to cause the heating of the incoming air. By means of these tiles, or similar devices, a series of longitudinal flues is formed, extending alongthe lower part of the fire chamber and exposed to the heat thereof, and in order to obtain the greatest heating of the air possible, these fiues lead-either from the ends or the sides of the furnace, according to the-distance to be traversed therein. For example; the fiues f open near the front end of the furnace, and have their entrances f through the rear wall (1 thereof and their discharge openings f near the front end of the furnace,

such discharge openings being formed of vertical tile opening from the longitudinal fiues f, so as to carry the air up toward the upper end of the furnace chamber H. The incom- 5 ing fiues 9 have their vertical openings 9 back from the front end of the furnace and nearer the front end than the rear end, and therefore they have their entrance ports g in the rear wall d. The fiues have their ver- IOO tical discharge ports 2' nearer the rear wall than the front Wall, and therefore they have their entrance ports '11 in the front wall I). These several ports,f g 2 and 7? open by means of vertical tubes or tiles extending from the longitudinal fines up into the furnace chamber a sufficient distance to carry or discharge the air at such point therein as to bring the air substantially above the gas, and therefore cause the proper commingling of gas and air. The several longitudinal flues, with their discharge flues, are exposed to the heat generated Within the furnace which has free course to pass entirely around the tubes formingthe flues except at their joints, and therefore the air is introduced into the furnace at a high heat; examination of the furnace showing that these vertical tubesor risersare held at a red heat, and even the interior walls are not chilled by the incoming air.

In Fig. 5 the air heating flueslead'from the side walls, with the same effect. Extending over from the supporting side walls which form the base for the arch, is the perforated arch 7a, which arch preferably extends the entire length of the boiler, though for some purposes it may only extend part way. For example; the rear end of the perforated arch back of the perforated wall m may be omitted, and the heated products be permitted to strike directly against the boiler at that point. \Vithin said longitudinal perforated arch, and extending across the fire chamber H, are one or more transverse perforated Walls m m, two such walls being shown, and the walls dividing the fire chamber into com partments h, It, 71 each forming acombustion chamber, such construction so dividing the furnace into a series of compartments having perforated arched roofs, and perforated or checher work cross walls, so that the fuel entering the fire chamber is compelled to pass through these walls in its course toward the rear of the furnace, and is retarded thereby; and each compartment gives a space for the proper mixing or commingling of the air with the gases, so that before they pass through the furnace practically all the gases are completely consumed. According to the cons-truction shown, each one of the longitudinal flues opens in one of these compartments, the fines fopening in the compartment h, the fines g in the compartment 71 and the flues i in the compartment h the discharge tubes of these hues opening near the upper ends of the compartments as above stated. The end of the space L between the perforated arch in and the boiler A is closed by the like perforated or checker-work wall Z.

The furnace is provided with any suitable fuel entrances, those shown in the drawings being oil injectors p which enter through the front wall 1),, the oil or other liquid hydrocarbon passing to the injectors through the tubes 19, while the steam or air under pressure passes to the injector at 19 Two of these injectors are shown, and they are preferably placed at an incline to the length of the boiler, so as to inject the hydro-carbon vapor over toward the side walls. Instead of such injectors suitable gas entrances may be employed, or if preferred, a suitable form of grate may be arranged to communicate with, or formed of the front compartment h.

In order to control the draft through the furnace, and to retard the draft as hereinafter described in connection with the operation of the same, I employ at the eXit end of the boiler flues a the dampers r, these dampers being placed within the breeching R of the boiler leading tothe chimney. Thedampers are mounted in any suitable way so as to act to close the exitopenings of the fin sse, the construction preferred being that shown in the drawings,-in which the dampers" are hinged or pivoted at their lower ends asat r to the boilers, or to the breechin'g, asmay be desired, and are adapted to be swung up and close the exit 'endsa of the-fines in such way as to either retard the flow of the heated products through the flues, or entirely out 01f the draft of the same; and as aresult of such a construct'ion,-I am enabled to entirely close the boiler flu es, and so close'the draft through the furnace, and maintain the heat within the same for a long period,- without consuming any fuel. 1

In the operation of theboiler f urn ace where oil is employed, theoil is injected through the injectors 19, either air or steam being employed for the purpose, astound most desirable;- As so injected it will be vaporized, and as soon as it enters the furnace chamber h-it will be raised to a high heat, the oil vapor circulating first within the forward compartment hof the furnace chamber, and a portion of the same uniting with the air entering the furnace through the fluesf and discharged into the compartment 7t through the vertical tile f within the said chamber. The air is introduced in the upper part of said chamber, and as the oil vapor is of lighter specific gravity than the air, and the vapor is introduced under the air, proper conditions for the commingling of the same and combustion of the vapor are obtained. As aresult of the combustion in this first compartment apart and still further combustion being formed thereby, part of which. escapes through the. perforated arch, striking against the boiler and circulating within the space L, while part of the unconsumed gases together with the flame and heated products will strike against and pass through the second perforated cross Wall m, which is in like manner maintained at a high heat, and will be commingled with the air entering the compartment 71. from the flues 11 through the vertical tubes i and in the course through the furnace chambers and the several compartments thereof a practically perfect combustion of all the gases formed from the oil vapor will be obtained, the perforated cross walls retarding the flow of the same, causing the commingling of the air and gases in such way as to obtain the combustion of the same, while practically all the heat generated in the several compartments will rise through the longitudinal perforated arch is into the space L around the boiler, and in case any of the gases escape into such space L they will intermingle with the heated air which will pass intothe said space through the perforated arch, and form combustion above the arch, the perforated arch and the perforated cross walls in this way retarding the draft and the flow of the gas and air, and forcing the gas and air through comparatively small passages so that they will be thoroughly commingled with each other, causing the practically perfect combustion of all the gases formed from the oil vapor. The highly heated products of combustion will flow through the space L to the end of the boiler, and through the perforated wall Z, and then pass forward through the flues or tubes of the boiler into the breeching R, and the flow of such highly heated products is controlled by the damper or dampers 4", which can be raised so as to reduce the discharge openings at the ends of the fines, and in that way so retard the draft through the same that Y the larger portion of the heat which is generated in the furnace will be absorbed through the walls of the boiler and utilized for steam generating. The draft can in this way be controlled and retarded, both by the perforated arch and perforated cross Walls of the furnace itself, and by the dampers. Practical operation of the furnace hasproven that in operating with oil vapor the same heat can be generated with one-third less fuel than in the ordinary furnace heated with the same fuel, while at the same time the steam generating is caused principally by the highly heated products of combustion, and the burning out of the walls of the boileris prevented. In case it is desired to close down the boiler, such for ex ample as where the works are not running, by closing the dampers 1" against the fines of the boiler, the draft or current through the boiler furnace and boiler can be entirely checked, and as a result the heat retained within the furnace and boiler, it being found .that even where the boiler is shut down for twelve hours, the high heat retained within the walls of the boiler furnace is sufficient to.

maintain the water within the boiler practically at the steam generating point, so that when the furnace is again started steam will be generated in a few minutes. v c

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A boiler furnace having a cylindrical boiler provided with return fiues or passages and having below the same and above the fire chamber a cylindrical perforated arch and one or more transverse perforated walls extending across the fire chamber so dividing the space below the arch into compartments, each forming a combustion chamber substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

2. A boiler or like furnace, having a longitudinal perforated arch extending under the boiler and above the fire chamber, transverse perforated walls extending across the fire chamber and dividing it into compartments, each forming a combustion chamber and air entrances communicating with the said compartments, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

3. A boiler or like furnace having a longitudinal perforated arch extending under the boiler and above the fire chamber, transverse perforated walls extending across the fire chamber anddividing it into compartments, and having vertical air tubes extending up within said compartments and opening only at points near the top of the compartments, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

4. A boiler or like furnace having a series of longitudinal air heating flues extending along the base thereof, and exposed to the heat of the .fire chamber and having vertical tubes rising therefrom within the fire chamber at different points in the length thereof and opening near the top of the same, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

5. A boiler or like furnace having longitudinal air heating flues leading from the rear of the furnace to a point near the forward end thereof and opening into the same, and longitudinal fines leading from the forward end of the furnace toward the rear thereof and opening into the same, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

6. A boiler or like furnace having a fire chamber under the boiler communicating with the entrance end of the boiler fiues or tubes, and having a damper at the discharge end of said fines or tubes and adapted to be closed so as to control the flow of the heated products through the same, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

7. A boiler or like furnace having a fire chamber under the boiler communicating with the entrance end of the boiler fines or tubes,

and having a damper at the discharge end of In testimony whereof I, the said SAMUEL said flues or tubes controlling the flow of the T. OWENS, have hereunto set my hand, heated products through the same, said damper being hinged or pivoted below the flue, and

5 adapted to be raised toward or against the \Vitnesses:

same, substantially as and for the purposes JAMES I. KAY, set forth. J. N. COOKE.

SAMUEL T. OWENS.