US487300A - smith - Google Patents

Description

4 Sheets-Sheet L (No Model.)

W. D. SMITH. STEAM GENERATOR.-

Patented Dec. 6, 1892.

(Nol Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2. W. D. SMITH.

STEAM GENERATOR. No. 487,300. Patented Dea. 6, 1892.

7. Mil. him/ l (No Model.) 4 sheets-sheet 3.,

W. D. SMITH. STEAM GENERATOR.

No. 487,300. Patented Deo. 6, 1892.

.1l/mms3@ [W7/WTO@ Mil/Mlm W fw?- @2% (No Model.) W D SMITH i 4Sheets-Sheet 4. STEAM GENERATOR.

No. 487,300. Patented Dec. 6, 1892.

WZWESSES 4%@ UNTTED STATES PATENT ErtcE.

IVRIGI-IT D. SMITH, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR TO THE I-IUYETTE 8a SMITI-I MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

STEAM-GENERATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 487,300, dated December 6, 1892.

Application filed May 27, 1892.

T @ZZ whom t may concern.:

Be it known that I, WRIGHT D. SMITH, of Detroit, in the county of Wayne and State of Michigan, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Steam-Generators, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to that class of steamgenerators made up of coils of pipe arranged with a View to obtaining rapid general circu- 1o lation through the pipes with a maximum eX- posure to heat and occupying a minimum of space.

This boiler is especially intended for use on vessels; and my object has been to provide for a free and continuous generation of steam under all conditions which are likely to occur on a vessel-as, for instance, when the vessel lists to one side or the other, so as to make a considerable difference in thelevel zo of opposite points of the boiler, which are normally in the same horizontal plane.

In the drawings making part of this specication, Figure l is aperspective view ofthe boiler as the tubes would appear it the eX ternal jacket with which such boilers are inclosed should be entirely removed. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section showing the base of the boiler. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section taken near the top of the boiler through the feed- 3o waterheaters and receivers, and showing,also, the superheating steam-pipes. Fig. 4 is a rear end elevation. Fig. 5 is a front end elevation. Fig. 6 is a longitudinal central section through the center of the boiler from front to rear. Fig. 7 is a side elevation ot' the boiler.

The same letters are employed in all the figures in the indication of identical parts.

It must be understood that the figures show 4o only the pipes which are on the inside of an inclosing jacket such as is commonly used in boilers of this class, but which is not shown in any of the drawings. It should also be understood that the boiler as constructed would be made up of a greater number of pipes of smaller relative diameter than those shown in the drawings. Such pipes will, however, be a mere multiplication of those which are shown, and they have been repre- 5o sented as farther apart than would be usual in Working practice in order to avoid confusseriu No. 434,576. (No moda.)

ion in their representation. In practice these pipes will be set as close to one another as can be done without impairing the free circulation of the heat around the tubes.

In describing the boiler I will follow the course of the water as it travels through the boiler, being converted into steam as it progresses, until finally the steam is drawn out through a steam-pipe leading to the engine. 6o

Two feed-pipes AA are shown most clearly in Fig. 3 as entering at the rear of the boiler and passing forward below the steam-drum and entering a transverse pipe B, as shown in Fig. l at A A', which there represent the 65 Ts at the termination of the feed-water pipes. The pipe Bis horizontal and extends entirely across the width of theboiler and terminates in the two drums C C. These are the feed-water heaters and receivers by which the 7o feed-water is heated and stored in considerable quantities, so as to supply an adequate amount of water continuously, and so avoid those rapid variations in the level of the water, which are both troublesome and dangerous in the ordinary forms of tube boilers. To this end these drums are placed over the coils and within the jacket, so that lthey may take up heat from the draft which has passed upward through the interstices between the coils 8o of pipe and which would otherwise be wasted. By this means they act as heaters, while their size and location at or near the water-level of the boiler lits them to act as reservoirs for maintaining a constant supply of water throughout all the tubes below them. They are placed so as to lie immediately below the plane of the high-water line of the boiler and above the plane of the low-water line, so that they are always at least partly iilled with wa- 9o ter, and as they lie on the top of the coils they are always able to supply water to the boiler. At each side pipes D are placed, leading out of the middle of the length of the drum. At the bottom there are placed the connected base-pipes E E E2 E3, quadrilateral in form and opening into one another, so as to afford a free circulation around the entire base.. In-

side of these base-pipes are placed the gratebars F, the upper surfaces being in the plane roo of the middle line of the base-pipes, which inclose them, and on either side of the horizontal base-pipe E4, which extends from end to end of the boiler and is connected with the pipes E2 E3; The pipe E2 is not indispensable, and if not used then the pipe E4 would connect only with the rear pipe E2. These base-pipes surround and lie substantially in the plane of the grate-surface, and as they are connected to one another and by other pipes, to be hereinafter described, with the steam-drum there is formed a complete circulatory system through the pipes, steamdrum, and intermediate pipes. Along the crown of the side,eentral, and rear base-pipes are placed in near proximity to one another vertical pipes G G G2, which open out of the base-pipes and lead upward, forming, with the vertical pipes S, which open out of the back base-pipe E3, the sides and rear end of the tire-box, into which the fuel is introduced through doors in the front of the jacketin the ordinary manner. 'Vhat may be called the crown of the lire-box is formed by a series of horizontal pipes running transversely and y connected in the usual manner by Ts I I' with the upper ends of the vertical pipes G G'.

deliver them through the Ts to the transverse coils K- and K. These coils respectively extend from the sides to about the middle ot' the boiler, where they are connected by return-bends in the usual manner, so as to travel in a zigzag path from side to middle and middle to side of the boiler until they terminate in the lower part of the longitudinal steamdrum L, which lies over the center of the boiler. Near the ends of the side base-pipes E and E' are short vertical pipes M, connected with coils N, which run along the side of the boiler immediately outsidev of the vertical tubes G and then around the corner angle and thence horizontally to the middle of the boiler opposite the end of the base-pipe E4, whence they are returned by means of return -bends in the opposite direction and again and again reversed until they pass above the tubes of the lower elbows connecting pipes D and pipes K, where they terminate in a vertical pipe O, (shown distinctlyin Figs. 6 and 7,) which leads into the endvof the back cross-drum P, which is connected by an elbow P with an opening through the head of th steam-drum L.

Steam is taken out of the steam-drum at the top or near the top thereof by means of pipes Q, which are connected with the superheating steam-pipes Q', which are within the hot-air chamber' at the top of the jacket and are exposed to a temperature suiiicient to dry the steam and prepare it for delivery to the cylinder of the engine through an extension of the pipe Q'. (Shown in Fig. 3, also in Figs. 6 and 7.)

The Water which accumulates in the bottom of the Steam-drum L is delivered therefrom through a central return water-pipe or drop water-leg R, leading from the middle of the bottom ot' the boiler tothe middle of `the pipe E4. The pipes R and E4 are about of the same diameter-say for one hundred-horsepower boiler each four inches in diameter. This gives a free passage for the water that is drawn up into the steam-drum to tiow out and return to the base-pipes, where itis ally elevated above the shell, so that they cannot entirely drain the water from the drum.

There is still another set of pipes which connect the base-pipes with the steam-drum. Along the back base-pipe B2 is placed a series of vertical pipes S on the rear end of the tire-box, which extend upward and are connected, respectively, with the coil-pipes S', which run from rear to front and from front to rear between the transverse coils K and K', with which they are interlaced, as clearly `shown in the drawings, and discharge into the back cross-drum P, entering the same at the side, as shown in Figs. 6 and 7. In front of the boiler, extending from the base-pipe to thesteam-drum, is placed the ordinary water column T, provided with a water-indicator tube and a steam-gage. It will also be observed that the pipes and coils of pipes throughout this boiler are arranged in planes which are vertical and either longitudinal or transverse, so that they cross one another at right angles. The pipes H, H', K, K', and S' are laid on one another in series, the lower line of the coil-pipes S' rest-ing directly on the transverse horizontal pipes H H'. The transverse pipe of the first coil K and K' lies upon S', and so on to the t-op. From this it results that the system of coils is supported directly upon the transverse horizontal pipes H H', which are supported at both ends upon l the side vertical pipes G G' and the middle vertical pipes G2, so that the whole structure rests upon this solid support and the pipes are not liable to sag, as is the case with that class of boilers in which the coils are supported only at one end. Each pipe that goes out of the base-tubes connects directly with another pipe in its own vertical plane, by which the steam and water passing through the vertical pipe is carried through its own appropriate cond uit and delivered independ ently into the steam-drum L. From this arrangement it results, first, that in case of vvinjury to any one of the pipes or its becoming IOO IIO

stopped from any cause that single pipe may n be plugged Without in any way interfering with the free and entirely independent operation of all the other pipes, and, secondly, that as the coils are laid in vertical, longitudinal, and transverse planes, lying directly one on top of the other, there are vertical rectangular spaces left between them, forming minute iues permeating every portion of the system and leaving no exposure for the lodgment of ashes on the top surfaces of the pipes, as is liable to occur in that class of pipe boilers in which the tubes are not so arranged in vertical planes. The arrangement of t-he vertical pipes G G' G2 forms an interior wall confining the lire-box at the sides and center, while the the coil-pipes N, which receive whatever heat may pass through the spaces left between the vertical pipes. By this means the heat has to pass through two series of pipes and will be very largely taken up before it reaches the jacket, so that there will not be much loss of heat in that direct-ion. The advantage that results from the use of the pipes running only half the width of the boiler and maintaining these pipes constantly on their own proper side until they deliver their water and steam mingled into the steam-drum is that one or the other set of these pipes will always be free for the transmission of steam, however much the vessel may list. Thus if it lists to starboard the port system of pipes will be left entirely free for the passage of steam toward the drum, the water running down to the system ot' pipes on the starboard side. Thus there is always afree circulation for the steam to the steam-drum, however much the vessel maylist, either to starboard or port. As there will always be an active circulation of water or steam in these pipes, they are not liable to become overheated. In the case of boilers that are constructed with lateral coils running entirely across the boiler from side to side when the vessel lists to one side-say to starboard-the water will flow to the starboard side and the steam will be confined in the port ends, its escape being so impeded that the pipes are liable to become red-hot.

hat I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

l. In combination with the base-pipes E E E3, the vertical series of tubes G G' S, forming the sides and rear end of the tire-box, and the double series of coil-tubes N, receiving water through the tubes M and extending horizontally along the side and half-way along the back series of vertical tubes, thus forming a double system of pipes around the sides and back end of the fire-box, substantially as set forth.

2. In combination with the base-pipes E, E', E3, and E4, the vertical series of tubes G, G', G2, and S, forming the back end and partition of the tire-box, and a series of tubes H H', placed in horizontal plane and respectively connecting the side and partition vertical tubes at the upper end and forming the crown of the fire-box,substantially as set forth.

3. In combination with the base-pipes, verticul tubes forming the sides, end, and partition of the tire-box, the series of horizontal tubes H H', connecting the side and partition tubes, and the double series of coil-pipes K, K', and S', supported on the crown-pipes, substantially as set forth.

4. The double series of transverse coils K K' and interlaced longitudinal coils S'., arranged, respectively, in vertical planes and at right angles to one another and forming rectangular fiues extending from lthe crown-tubes to the space above the boiler, substantially as set forth. 4

5. The combination of a series of transverse pipes H H', each connected at the ends and center with the base-pipes E, E', and E4 and with the independent transverse coils K K', respectively discharging into the steamdrum on opposite sides thereof, substantially as set forth.

6. In combination with the receiver and feedwater heater placed over the coils of the boiler between the high and low water lines and a feed-water pipe connected thereto, the basepipes and a conduit for delivering water thereto from the former, substantially as set forth.

7. In combination with a connected system of base-pipes which inclose the gratebars,the steam-drum and system of pipes leading from the former to the latter and a return or drop l pipe opening out of the bottom of the steamdrum midway between its ends, passing down through the re-boX, and discharginginto the central element E4 of the connected basepipes, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name in the presence of two attesting witnesses.

WRIGHT D. SMITH.

Vtitnesses:

` R. MASON,

M. A. HowEY.

IOO

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