US487195A - And ebenezer - Google Patents

Description

4 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

T. MCBRIDE 8v E. FISHER.

STEAM GENERATOR.

l Ze- Patented Nov. 29, 1892.

Tm: scams Farms ca How-wma, wAsNmmoN, u c.

A T. MGBRIDE KU'BFISHER.

Na. 487,195. n Patented Nov. 29, 1892.

(No Model.) 4 sheets-sheet s,

T. MQBRIDE & E'. FISHER. STEAM GENERATOR.

No. 487,195. 'Patented Nov. 29.1892.

Y; TH: Noms Ferias co. lmorauwo., wAswNa'roN, D. c

4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

(NQ Model.)

T. MGBRIDE 8a E. FISHER. STEAM GENERATOR. No. 487,195.

Patented Nov. 29, 1892.

WE/vio@ J m w UNITED" STATES PATENT OFFICE.

THOMAS MCBRIDE, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, AND EBENEZER FISHER, OF KINCARDINE, CANADA.

STEAM-G EN ERATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 487,195, dated November 29, 1892.

Application 'lled August 30, 1892. Serial No. 444,557. (No model.)

To a/,ZZ whom/tt may concern:

Be it known that we, THOMAS MCBRIDE, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Philadelphia, county of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, and EBENEZER FISHER, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, residing at Kincardine, Province of Ontario, Canada, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam-Generators; and we do hereby declare the following to be afull, clear, and exact description of the invention, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part thereof.

The herein-described invention relates to new and useful improvements in steam-generators in which the steam is generated in water-tubes and discharged or collected in a suitable receiver, with which are connected water-circulating drums or chambers forsupplying the water-tubes and keeping up a uniform circulation of the water of the generator.

The important object of the present invention has been to so construct a steam-generator embodying the general principle of the above-mentioned class of generators that. the best results may be obtained as to the quality and quantity of the steam generated, the quickness and uniformity of its generation, and to make it only possible under all condi tions to take dry steam alone from the generator.

Further, theinvention has forits object the complete combustion of such gases that are condensed or cooled off by contact with the water-tubes and which ordinarily are deposited in the form of soot'or carried off with other products of combustion.

The invention also has other minor objects effected bythe form of construction employed and the arrangement of the essential parts of the generator, which will be hereinafter referred to.

Primarily the invention consists in asteam drum or chamber, with which are connected the upper or discharge ends of the watertubes at the top portion thereof and water circulating pipes or chambers extending downward from the steam drum or chamber and thence to the rear of the fire-chamber,

where communication is made with the water-tubes, said steam drum or chamber and water-circulating pipes or chambers being located outside of the fire-chamber and protected from the heat thereof, whereby a more effective circulation is produced and the steam prevented from taking up moisture.

'The invention further consists in certain novel features as to the construction and combination of parts and as to which the adapt-4 ability of the generator for use in steamlaunches and other boats forms the main con sideration.

In the accompanying drawings, in which the invention is fully illustrated, Figure l represents a View ofthe steam-generator in front I elevation. Fig. 3 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view taken on the line a: fr of Fig. l. Fig. 2 is a top or plan view of one-half of the generator, a sectional view being shown of the casing, taken on the line y y of Fig. l. Figs. 4 and 5 are detail views ot the construction of the door of the lire-chamber and the ends of the rear drum or water-chamber, rcspectively. Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a section of asbestus and clay lining of the firechamber. Fig. 7 is aperspective view of the combined separator and water shield, the same being removed from the steam-drum.

In referring to the drawings by letter the general construction of the generator will be given and the principal parts thereof designated before a more specific description is entered into.

The generator comprises the fire-chamber A, the water-tubes B, part of which are arranged within said fire-chamber and part within the path of the flame on its way to the stack, the steam drum or chamber C, with which the water-tubes B communicate and in which the steam generated in said watertubes is collected, the vertical water drums or chambers D, communicating with the bottom of the steam drum or chamber C at their upper ends and at their lower ends with the horizontal water-circulating drums or chambers E, which, together with the vertical chambers D, constitute a system of water-circulating pipes for returning the water to the water-tubes through the rear drum or chamber F, located at the rear of thevflre-chamber, and thus keeping up a constantand uniform circulation of the water of the generator.

The casing G of the generator is made to inclose the water-tubes and tire-chamber, but to leave the steam drum or receiver and water return or circulating drums outside of the fire-chamber and practically insulated from the heat of the same. It is with relation to this feature that one of the important points of the invention is made possible. The steam drum or chamber C, forming the essential element of the generator, is in the form of a cylinder or drum having a length equal to twice its width, more or less, and arranged at right angles to the direction of the watertubes, which, when the generator is located in a boat, run with the boats length andy eX- tend longitudinally of the fire-chamber. This cylinder or drum C, which is of boiler construction, performs the function of 'a receiving-chamber into which the steam is discharged from the water-tubes B and. to which at the center of its topis connected the steampipe H. This t-ransversearrangement of the steam-drum C and the. central connection of the steam-pipe therewith at the top of same is one of great importance when the generator is applied to boats, as the oft-recurring filling of the steam-pipe with water by the change of the water-level in the generator or steam-drum,owing to the rolling or pitching of the boat, is entirely obviated, while it is otherwise in such generators where thesteamg chaniberis arranged longitudinally with the boat and has its steam-pipe connectedatone end or near the same. This transverse arrangement of the steam-drum C also allows the longitudinal arrange-ment of the watertubes within the boat, thus providing greater and more convenient space and the use of longer water-tubes, and hence a greater-heat-4 ing area. The longitudinal arrangement of the water-tubes is further required by the system of circulation formingacoacting feature of thegenerator and which provides for the re` turnofall the waterto the rear ofthe fire-charnber, Where all the tubes will take up. the. Wateralike and prevent an unequal heating and a consequent irregular circulation, whichy would be a great 'objection and prevent the attainment of the results desired-t'. a, a strong and uniform circulation. By the construction shown all the tubes get substantially the same heating, and, connecting with the water-circulating system at the extreme end of the tire-chamber, all the water istalen up by the tubes at thesame point and nov irregularity in the circulation can be possible, asy would be the case were the water-tubes located at different points in the length of the fire-chamber and connected to a longitudinally-arranged water-drum, as the more in` tensely-heated of the tubes would. short-,circuit the circulation and make it irregular throughout. The water-tubes are i-n their direction upward and forward, connecting the rear drum of the` water-circulation located at the base and the steam drum or receiver C, located in the front portion of the generator above the door I to the lire-chamber. The general form of the collection of tubes, which for the most part are parallel, is that of an upward curve with a central depression to allow the same to extend down into the tirechamber as much as possible to increase the area of heating-surface and do away with the unnecessary space in the fire-chamber which would result were the tubes straight.

The water-tubes are divided into two coll'ections, the lower half being separated from the upper half from the point J forward by means of one of the rows of tubes being dropped down into the space between the tubes of the row next below, thus forming a crown-sheet and separati-ng one collection from the other and causing the lower body of tubes to extend in the fire-chamber, while the upper body from point J is located in the path of the iame, though within the casing of the generator. The dame, by this arrangement, instead of going directly upward through all the tubes, is carried back to the rear of the fire-chamber where it passes throughl the openings between the tubes directly at the base, while on the whole the flame is confined within the tire-chamber and among the tubes as long as possible to get the bestl heating results. To more effectuallyeut the iiame off from goingupwardly and through the spaces between the tubes, but to cause it to take the more circuitous rou-te shown, and thus keep the heat in the space around the water-tubes, a packing of asbestus is provi-ded between the two bodies of tubes as separated by the crown-sheet and designated by the letter K. The tire is thus directed. to the rear of the chamber, where it can pass between the tubes at their lower ends and into the space in which are assembled the upper'bodfy of tubes, passing between the samealong-their entire length, and outA through the stack L. At the connections of the water-tube with the drum F and the receiver C is provided avpacking or lining of asbestus or asbestus and clay, which not only effectually insulates the said drum F andreceiver C from the fire-chamber, but also. brings the joints of the watertubes outside of the fire-chamber,- so that in this. construction of generator there are no joints in the water-tube within the hre-chamber. Both the front wall and the top of the casing of the fire-chamber are provided with a lining of asbestus, or, preferably, with asbestusand clay formedI into a sheet loymeans of a connecting-web of wire screen, which is bolted firmly to the interior of the casing, the clay surface being exposed tothe dames. This lining is shown at M in the drawings and its construction illustrated by theview in Fig. 6.

Between the steamY drum or receiver Grand,l the front wall o f the casing G is filled a packing of asbestus N, which further insures the IOO IIO

exclusion of heat from the steam-drum from the fire-chamber. t

The water-level of the boiler when properly setwill be at about the line e' e', it being desired to slightly raise the front of the generator to allow the grate-bars Oto be rearwardly inclined, thus permitting the ready access of air to the fire-chamber. The steam-drum C, while serving mainly as a receiver for the steam, is also designed to assist the circulation of the water and to collect such of the water as will be ejected from the water-tubes with the steam and prevent it from being taken up by the steam, and thereby producing moist steam; but by the present device only dry steam can be taken from the generator. For this purpose the steam drum or receiver is provided with a splash-plate or separator P of special construction, against which the steam, together with such water or bubbles as may accompany it, is ejected, the

y dry steam freeing itself and accumulating in the steam-space of the receiver,while the water is allowed to run down the surface of the separator-plate to the water forming the supply for the water-tubes, and this body of water being protected from the fire generates steam within the steam-receiver, and hence cannot affect the character' of the steam coming from the water-tube and freed of its water by the separator. Without deteriorating the quality of steam, the quiet body of water within the steam-drum C brings about a stronger circulation by reason of its being unheated from any outside source, as would be the case were the heat of the tire-chamber allowed to penetrate its shell, and therefore there is no tendency for the water to draw away from the tubes; but the whole circulation is downward through the vertical drum D and to the rear drum F through the horizontal drums E, all of which are located outside of the fire-chamber, the fire-chamber being confined to that portion inclosed by them.

The splash-plate or separator Pis in the forni of a curved sheet of metal extending nearly the entire length of the steam-drum and following nearly the curve of the same in front of that portion where the water-tubes make their connection therewith. The splashplate or separator extends about to the waterline on its first outward curve, whence it bends inwardly and upward and then in coutinuation of the curve is carried downward to the bottom of the drum, where it is securely fastened at Q. The upper edge of the separator Pis rmly bolted tothe top of the steamdrum at R alongaline just behind the steampipe opening, and therefore prevents any of the steam from going directlyinto the steampipe before being freed of its moisture, while by means of the return or under bend S of the separatonplate a shield or roof is provided over the water in the bottom of the drum, which incloses the steam-space and protects the dry steam from any splashings of water which might occur from any of the well-known causes, it being understood that dry steam will readily take up moisture, and hence reduce its quality. Therefore the separator thus combined within the steam-drum not only protects the steam-pipe but acts, also, as a water-shield to the steam-space of the drum.

The generator, in addition to the construction and arrangement of the Water-tubes, circulating system, and steam-receiver, is designed with special construction as to itsftirechamber to the end that all the available products of combustion may be utilized in heating the water tubes. In such boiler where the products of combustion pass between water-tubes before being thoroughly converted into heat there is always a cooling oft' or condensation of some of the gases by contact with the comparatively-low temperature ofthe water-tubes, which results in these gases being carried off or deposited in the form of soot without getting therefrom the heat-units contained therein. Vith a view to provide for the combustion of these gases and prevent as much as possible the cooling of the same the rear of the iire-chamber at the point where the flame passes between the tubes is enlarged by causing the casing to be bulged outward and extended somewhat hack of the tubes, so that a space will be formed around the sides and rear of the collection of water-tubes, as at T, into which the` flame will pass without crowding itself between. the water-tubes, and such portion of the flame as is directed around the tubes to the rear will be d-irected back between the tubes before taking its upward course to the stack, thus preventing the condensation of gases to a great extent and igniting and combusting any that may be cooled 0E by the tubes. The increased space, due to the enlarging of the fire-chamber at its rear, ad mits, also, more air to the flame at a point where its complete combustion requires it.

The generator is provided with the usual glass gages, duc., and the feed-water of the generator enters by thel pipe W at one end of the steam-drum C and is perforated throughout its length to distribute the water.

That the operation of the generator may be fully understood in all its functions a brief outline of the same is here given. The generator being filled with Water to the line indicating the water-levels e, the heat of t-he .tirechamber is only directed on the water-tubes and not on the steam-drum C or any of the water-circulatingdrums. Thesewater-tubes, being located part within the fire-chamber proper while part extend in the path of the flame, receive all the heat, except that which ordinarily will escape through the stack, and within the tubes all the steam is generated, the arrangement being such that the steam in the steam-space of the tubes above the water-line will receive a superheating. All the water-tubes connecting with the transverse water-drum at the rear of the hre-cham- IIO ber, the circulation of the water in the steamdrum C, vertical drums, and horizontal drums will be to the rear, and the tubes receiving a uniform heating and connecting at subst-antially the same point with reference to the fire-chamber the circulation of the water within the generator is uniform throughout. The steam generated is discharged into the steam-drum C against the splash-plate or separator P, which frees the steam of any water which may accompany it in the form of drops or bubbles and allow only the dry steam to accumulate in the steam-d rum, while the water is returned to the bottom of the steam-drum and forms a part of the circulating body within the water-drums. The steamdrum C receiving no heating from the tirechamber, the circulation of the water is made stronger, the heating being only accomplished at one point in the system-t'. e., within the water-space of the water-tubes-and the tubes all drawing from the rear drum. Hence the circulation is all one way and none but absolutely dry steam allowed to lill the steamspace of the steam-drinn and to be taken therefrom.

Having thus described and fully setforth our invention, what we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. A steam-generator of the character described, comprising asteam drum or receiver, water-tubes connecting with same at their upper or steam ends and extending longitudinal-ly within the fire-chamber, a water-drum to which said water-tubes connect, arranged at the rear of the fire-chamber and transversely thereto, the vertical pipes or chambers communicating with the bottom of the steam-drum at each end and with horizontal pipes at their lower ends, which horizontal pipes or chambers connect with the rear water-drum at its ends, said steam-drum and water-chambers being located wholly without the fire-chamber, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

2. A steam-generator of the character described, comprising the steam drum or receiver, the water-drum located at the rear of the tire-chamber and arranged transversely thereto, the water-tubes extending longitudinally of said fire-chamber and connecting with the said water-drum at their lower ends and with the steam drum or receiver at their upper ends, water pipes or chambers extending downward vfrom the steam-drum on each side of the tire-chamber and water pipes or chambers extending along the length of said fire-chamber on each side thereof and connecting, respectively, with the ends of rear drum, of water-tubes connected therewith at their discharge ends and at their lower ends with a Water-drum, water-chambers connecting the steam-drum with the water-drum, and a splash-plate located within the said steamdrum having its upper-edge secured to the top of the drum and its lower edge to the bottom of the same and extending down in front of the discharge-openings of the water-tubes and over the level of the water in said drum, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

t. The combination, in a steam-generator, of the steam drum or receiver having the water-tubes connected therewith and waterchambers connecting the same with the water-tubes with the combined separatorand water-shield located within the said steamdrum extending downward from the top in front of the .water -tube openings, thence curved upwardly and arched over the waterlevel of the drum, said combined separator and shield being secured to the top of the drum at its upper portion and at its bottom to the side or bottom of the drum, substantially as described.

5. A steam-generator comprising a steam drum or receiver,water-tubes connected therewith, extending longitudinally Within the casing of the lire-chamber and connecting with the water-chamber at the rear of the {ire-chamber, a partition dividing the collection of water-tubes into an upper and a lower body and directing the dame to the rear of the tirechamber around the said partition and between the upper body of tubes on its way to the stack, and an enlarged passage for the products of combustion around the said water-tubes at the rear of the re-chamber,sub stantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof we affix our signatures in the presence of two witnesses.

THOMAS MCBRlDE. EBENEZER FISH-ER. Witnesses:

PETER MCBRIDE, GEORGE MCBRIDE.

Images