US4849051A - Heat resistant positive resists and method for preparing heat-resistant relief structures - Google Patents
Heat resistant positive resists and method for preparing heat-resistant relief structures Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4849051A US4849051A US07/191,566 US19156688A US4849051A US 4849051 A US4849051 A US 4849051A US 19156688 A US19156688 A US 19156688A US 4849051 A US4849051 A US 4849051A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- positive resist
- hydroxypolyamides
- resistant
- diazoquinone
- heat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/022—Quinonediazides
- G03F7/023—Macromolecular quinonediazides; Macromolecular additives, e.g. binders
- G03F7/0233—Macromolecular quinonediazides; Macromolecular additives, e.g. binders characterised by the polymeric binders or the macromolecular additives other than the macromolecular quinonediazides
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S430/00—Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product thereof
- Y10S430/1053—Imaging affecting physical property or radiation sensitive material, or producing nonplanar or printing surface - process, composition, or product: radiation sensitive composition or product or process of making binder containing
- Y10S430/1055—Radiation sensitive composition or product or process of making
- Y10S430/106—Binder containing
- Y10S430/107—Polyamide or polyurethane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S430/00—Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product thereof
- Y10S430/156—Precursor compound
Definitions
- the invention relates to heat-resistant positive resists based upon oligomeric and/or polymeric polybenzoxazole precursor stages and diazoquinones as well as to a method for preparing heat-resistant relief structures from such positive resists.
- Heat-resistant and highly heat resistant photo resists are required for cost-effective direct production of structured insulating layers.
- the resist materials and the corresponding relief structures must not decompose when subjected to the high temperatures used during the production of the insulating layers.
- the relief structures must not be deformed upon the softening of the polymer material, rather, they must be dimensionally stable.
- the hydroxypolyamides of the kind mentioned above are polycondensation products and, more specifically, copolycondensation products of aromatic diaminodihydroxy compounds and aromatic dicarboxylic acids or dicarboxylic acid chlorides.
- Either two different diaminodihydroxy compounds and one dicarboxylic acid (or acid chloride), or two different dicarboxylic acids (or their acid chlorides) and one diaminodihydroxy compound can be used to synthesize the copolycondenation products.
- two different diaminodihydroxy compounds and two different dicarboxylic acids (or their acid chlorides) can also be used in the synthesis.
- the positive resists according to the invention exhibit excellent resolution. Furthermore, the hydroxypolyamids contained in these photo resists are easy to prepare and can be manufactured at low cost. By employing different dicarboxylic acids or acid chlorides and/or different diaminodihydroxy compounds in the same polymer precursor stage, a special spectrum of properties can be generated, such as low moisture absorption and high solubility.
- hydroxypolyamides of the type mentioned above are preferably comprised of aromatic groups with the following structures:
- R and R* can have the following meaning: ##STR3##
- the hydroxypolyamides are synthesized from aromatic diaminodihydroxy compounds and aromatic dicarboxylic acids or acid chlorides.
- Preferred diaminodihydroxy compounds are 3,3'-dihydroxybenzidine and 2,2-bis(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane. Isomers of these compounds can also be used as well as other hydroxyl-group-containing aromatic diamines such as 3,3'-dihydroxy-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether.
- isophthalic acid dichloride is preferred; however, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid and its dichloride can also be used.
- light-sensitive diazoquinones are used as photoreactive additives, especially o-quinone and o-naphthoquinone diazides (see in this connection European Patent 0 023 662).
- Preferred are esters or amides of the 6-diazo-5(6)-oxo-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid, especially the bisnaphthoquinone-[1,2]-diazide-(2)-5-sulfonic acid ester of ⁇ , ⁇ -bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane.
- the weight ratio of hydroxypolyamide and diazoquinone is between 1:20 and 20:1, and preferably between 1:10 and 10:1.
- a positive resist in the form of a layer or foil is applied to a substrate and is either exposed to actinic light through a mask or is irradiated by guiding a light, electron or ion beam according to a set pattern. Subsequently, the exposed or irradiated layer or foil parts are dissolved or pulled off and the relief structures so obtained are then annealed.
- the photo resist can be dissolved in an organic solvent and applied to the substrate.
- N-methylpyrrolidone is a preferred solvent.
- other organic solvents with similar properties can also be used such as dimethyl formamide and N,N-dimethyl acetamide, as well as mixtures thereof.
- Additives for improving the adhesion and/or the wetting of the solution may also be used in the solution.
- the solution may be applied to the substrate by means of a centrifuging technique. However, other coating methods such as immersion, spraying, brushing or rolling, can also be used. Alternatively, adhesion agents or wetting agents can be applied directly to the substrate before applying the solution.
- the substrate is preferably a glass, a metal, especially aluminum, a plastic or a semiconducting material.
- the concentration of the resist solution is adjusted so that layer thicknesses of 0.01 ⁇ m, to several 100 ⁇ m can be produced. It has been found that when the centrifugal coating method is used, 300 to 10,000 rpm for 1 to 100 seconds is suitable for obtaining a uniform and good surface quality.
- the solvent is removed, i.e., drying is performed. This can take place at room temperature or at elevated temperature; the solvent is preferably removed at a temperature between 50° and 120° C.
- the solvent may be removed in a vacuum.
- exposure times between 1 and 600 seconds are sufficient when using a very high-pressure mercury lamp.
- the choice of such exposure time usually will be function of the resist composition used and the layer thickness.
- the exposed parts of the layer or foil are dissolved with an aqueous alkaline developer.
- images with sharp contours i.e., relief structures are obtained which are converted by annealing into highly heat resistant polybenzoxazoles.
- temperatures between 200° and 500° C. are chosen.
- the annealing preferably takes place at a temperature between 300° and 400° C.
- the annealing process itself is generally carried out within a time of 0.1 to 8 hours and preferably within 1 to 4 hours.
- the relief structures produced by the method according to the invention can be applied for generating passivating layers on semiconductor components, thin and thick-film circuits, solder protection layers on multilayer circuits, insulating layers as parts of multilayer circuits and miniaturized insulating layers on electrically conducting and/or semiconducting and/or insulating base materials especially in the field of microelectronics or generally for fine structuring of substrates.
- the highly heat-resistant relief structures serve as masks for wet and dry etching processes, for electroless or electroplating metal deposition, for vapor deposition methods, and for ion implantation.
- the relief structures also serve as insulating and protection layers in electrotechnology. These relief structures can also be used as orientation layers, for instance, in liquid crystal displays as well as for rastering surfaces, for instance, in X-ray screens, and especially X-ray image amplifiers.
- a resist solution consisting of 3 parts by weight of the polymer prepared in accordance with EXAMPLE 1 and 0.6 parts by weight of the bis-napthoquinone-[1.2]-diazide-(2)-5-sulfonic acid ester of ⁇ , ⁇ -bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane as the photoreactive component, dissolved in 13 parts by weight N-methylpyrrolidone, is pressure-filtered through a 0.8 ⁇ m filter. The finished solution is then centrifuged at 3,000 rpm on a silicon wafer provided with an adhesion agent and is dried for 15 minutes at 80° C. (layer thickness: 1.6 ⁇ m).
- the coated silicon wafer is contact exposed by means of a 350-W mercury vapor very-high-pressure lamp (power: 23 mW/cm 2 ) for 6 to 7 seconds and developed for 35 seconds (developer Shipley Microposit 303, diluted with water in the ratio 1:40) and annealed at 400° C. In the process, fine, highly heat-resistant structures are obtained ( ⁇ 1.6 ⁇ m).
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
- Exposure And Positioning Against Photoresist Photosensitive Materials (AREA)
- Polyamides (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Polymers With Sulfur, Phosphorus Or Metals In The Main Chain (AREA)
- Photosensitive Polymer And Photoresist Processing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (19)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3716627 | 1987-05-18 | ||
DE3716627 | 1987-05-18 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US4849051A true US4849051A (en) | 1989-07-18 |
Family
ID=6327803
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US07/191,566 Expired - Lifetime US4849051A (en) | 1987-05-18 | 1988-05-09 | Heat resistant positive resists and method for preparing heat-resistant relief structures |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4849051A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0291779B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH0612449B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3850809D1 (en) |
Cited By (39)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5019482A (en) * | 1987-08-12 | 1991-05-28 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Polymer/oxime ester/coumarin compound photosensitive composition |
US5037720A (en) * | 1987-07-21 | 1991-08-06 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Hydroxylated aromatic polyamide polymer containing bound naphthoquinone diazide photosensitizer, method of making and use |
US5040090A (en) * | 1989-05-02 | 1991-08-13 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Capacitive moisture-sensor |
US5081000A (en) * | 1989-03-20 | 1992-01-14 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Photosensitive mixture |
US5096999A (en) * | 1989-04-06 | 1992-03-17 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Catalytic preparation of hydroxypolyamides |
US5104773A (en) * | 1989-04-06 | 1992-04-14 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Preparing highly thermoresistant relief structures |
US5376499A (en) * | 1991-05-07 | 1994-12-27 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Highly heat-resistant positive resists comprising end-capped hydroxypolyamides |
US5405661A (en) * | 1992-08-14 | 1995-04-11 | The Dow Chemical Company | Fire resistant panel |
US5449584A (en) * | 1990-05-29 | 1995-09-12 | Sumitomo Bakelite Company, Ltd. | Positive photo-sensitive resin composition comprising a photosensitive polybenzoxazole or a mixture of a polybenzoxazole, an organic solvent soluble polymer and a diazoquinone and/or a dihydropyridine compound |
US5696218A (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1997-12-09 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Preparation of poly-o-hydroxyamides and poly-o-mercaptoamides |
US5726279A (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1998-03-10 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Preparation of poly-o-hydroxyamides and poly o-mercaptoamides |
US5750638A (en) * | 1995-06-19 | 1998-05-12 | Siemens Aktiengesesllschaft | Method for the production of poly-o-hydroxyamides |
US5750711A (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1998-05-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Dicarboxylic acid derivatives |
US5760162A (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1998-06-02 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Preparation of poly-o-hydroxyamides and poly-o-mercaptoamides |
US5777066A (en) * | 1995-06-19 | 1998-07-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for the production of poly-o-hydroxyamides |
US5783654A (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1998-07-21 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Preparation of poly-O-hydroxyamides and poly O-mercaptoamides |
US5807969A (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1998-09-15 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Preparation of poly-O-hydroxyamides and poly O-mercaptoamides |
US5883221A (en) * | 1996-11-12 | 1999-03-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Synthesis of polybenzoxasole and polybenzothiazole precursors |
DE19741437A1 (en) * | 1997-09-19 | 1999-04-01 | Siemens Ag | Electronic component with improved housing molding compound |
US5922825A (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1999-07-13 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Preparation of poly-o-hydroxyamides and poly o-mercaptoamides |
US5973202A (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1999-10-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Preparation of poly-o-hydroxyamides and poly o-mercaptoamides |
US6120970A (en) * | 1997-09-24 | 2000-09-19 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Polybenzoxazole and polybenzothiazole precursors |
US6153350A (en) * | 1997-09-24 | 2000-11-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Polybenzoxazole and polybenzothiazole precursors |
US6177225B1 (en) | 1998-10-01 | 2001-01-23 | Arch Specialty Chemicals, Inc. | Photosensitive resin compositions |
EP1266266A1 (en) * | 2000-03-24 | 2002-12-18 | Arch Specialty Chemicals, Inc. | Novel photosensitive resin compositions |
US20020198294A1 (en) * | 2001-05-23 | 2002-12-26 | Andreas Walter | Antireflective, layer-forming composition, layer configuration containing the antireflective layer, and process for producing the antireflective layer |
US20030087190A1 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2003-05-08 | Recai Sezi | Photosensitive formulation for buffer coatings, film including the formulation, and method for manufacturing electronics using the formulation |
US20030099904A1 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2003-05-29 | Recai Sezi | Photosensitive formulation for buffer coatings, film containing the photosensitive formulation, and method for fabricating electronics with the photosensitive formulation |
US20030134226A1 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2003-07-17 | Recai Sezi | Polybenzoxazoles from poly-o-hydroxyamide, novel poly-o-hydroxyamides, preparation processes therefor, and their application in microelectronics |
US6808857B2 (en) | 2001-05-21 | 2004-10-26 | Kodak Polychrome Graphics Llc | Negative-working photosensitive composition and negative-working photosensitive lithographic printing plate |
US20040229167A1 (en) * | 2003-03-11 | 2004-11-18 | Arch Specialty Chemicals, Inc. | Novel photosensitive resin compositions |
US20040229160A1 (en) * | 2003-03-11 | 2004-11-18 | Arch Specialty Chemicals, Inc. | Novel photosensitive resin compositions |
US20050031994A1 (en) * | 2003-08-06 | 2005-02-10 | Toshio Banba | Polyamide resin, positive-working photosensitive resin composition, method for producing pattern-formed resin film, semiconductor device, display device, and method for producing the semiconductor device and the display device |
WO2006132962A2 (en) | 2005-06-03 | 2006-12-14 | Fujifilm Electronic Materials U.S.A. Inc. | Novel photosensitive resin compositions |
US20080305431A1 (en) * | 2005-06-03 | 2008-12-11 | Powell David B | Pretreatment compositions |
CN100549828C (en) * | 2003-07-29 | 2009-10-14 | 旭化成电子材料株式会社 | Positive type photosensitive organic compound |
US20110083953A1 (en) * | 2009-10-14 | 2011-04-14 | Reklaim, Inc. | Pyrolysis process and products |
CN104448298A (en) * | 2013-09-17 | 2015-03-25 | 达兴材料股份有限公司 | Polymer, liquid crystal aligning agent, liquid crystal alignment film and liquid crystal display module |
WO2018232214A1 (en) | 2017-06-16 | 2018-12-20 | Fujifilm Electronic Materials U.S.A., Inc. | Multilayer structure |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5114826A (en) * | 1989-12-28 | 1992-05-19 | Ibm Corporation | Photosensitive polyimide compositions |
EP0450189B1 (en) * | 1990-03-29 | 1996-10-30 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | High temperature stable negative resists and process for the production of high temperature stable relief structure |
DE69128187T2 (en) * | 1990-09-28 | 1998-03-26 | Toshiba Kawasaki Kk | Photosensitive resin composition for producing a polyimide film pattern and method for producing a polyimide film pattern |
EP0690494B1 (en) | 1994-06-27 | 2004-03-17 | Infineon Technologies AG | Connection and build-up-process for multi-chip-modules |
DE59600371D1 (en) * | 1995-03-23 | 1998-09-03 | Siemens Ag | Process for the preparation of polybenzoxazole precursors and corresponding resist solutions |
TW502135B (en) * | 1996-05-13 | 2002-09-11 | Sumitomo Bakelite Co | Positive type photosensitive resin composition and process for preparing polybenzoxazole resin film by using the same |
US6207356B1 (en) | 1996-12-31 | 2001-03-27 | Sumitomo Bakelite Company Limited | Method for the pattern-processing of photosensitive resin composition |
DE69706396T2 (en) * | 1997-01-03 | 2002-04-18 | Sumitomo Bakelite Co. Ltd., Tokio/Tokyo | Process for imaging a photosensitive resin composition |
JP4207960B2 (en) | 2004-01-14 | 2009-01-14 | 日立化成デュポンマイクロシステムズ株式会社 | Photosensitive polymer composition, pattern manufacturing method and electronic component |
US9188860B2 (en) | 2007-09-06 | 2015-11-17 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Method for producing polyamide and resin composition |
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FR1467620A (en) * | 1965-02-09 | 1967-01-27 | Gen Electric | Polyhydroxyamide derivatives and process for their production |
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DE2647004A1 (en) * | 1976-10-18 | 1978-04-20 | Modest Sergejevitsch Akutin | Organic solvent soluble poly:benzoxazole prepn. - by reacting di:carboxylic acid halide with mixt. of bis:ortho:aminophenol cpds. (OE 15.1.78) |
EP0023662A1 (en) * | 1979-08-01 | 1981-02-11 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Heat-resistent positive photoresists and process for the preparation of heat-resistent relief structures |
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Family Cites Families (1)
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-
1988
- 1988-05-05 EP EP88107255A patent/EP0291779B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-05-05 DE DE3850809T patent/DE3850809D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-05-09 US US07/191,566 patent/US4849051A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-05-13 JP JP63118030A patent/JPH0612449B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Cited By (52)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5037720A (en) * | 1987-07-21 | 1991-08-06 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Hydroxylated aromatic polyamide polymer containing bound naphthoquinone diazide photosensitizer, method of making and use |
US5019482A (en) * | 1987-08-12 | 1991-05-28 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Polymer/oxime ester/coumarin compound photosensitive composition |
US5081000A (en) * | 1989-03-20 | 1992-01-14 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Photosensitive mixture |
US5096999A (en) * | 1989-04-06 | 1992-03-17 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Catalytic preparation of hydroxypolyamides |
US5104773A (en) * | 1989-04-06 | 1992-04-14 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Preparing highly thermoresistant relief structures |
US5147961A (en) * | 1989-04-06 | 1992-09-15 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Preparation of hydroxypolyamides |
US5040090A (en) * | 1989-05-02 | 1991-08-13 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Capacitive moisture-sensor |
US5449584A (en) * | 1990-05-29 | 1995-09-12 | Sumitomo Bakelite Company, Ltd. | Positive photo-sensitive resin composition comprising a photosensitive polybenzoxazole or a mixture of a polybenzoxazole, an organic solvent soluble polymer and a diazoquinone and/or a dihydropyridine compound |
US5376499A (en) * | 1991-05-07 | 1994-12-27 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Highly heat-resistant positive resists comprising end-capped hydroxypolyamides |
US5405661A (en) * | 1992-08-14 | 1995-04-11 | The Dow Chemical Company | Fire resistant panel |
US5750638A (en) * | 1995-06-19 | 1998-05-12 | Siemens Aktiengesesllschaft | Method for the production of poly-o-hydroxyamides |
US5777066A (en) * | 1995-06-19 | 1998-07-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for the production of poly-o-hydroxyamides |
US5760162A (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1998-06-02 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Preparation of poly-o-hydroxyamides and poly-o-mercaptoamides |
US5973202A (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1999-10-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Preparation of poly-o-hydroxyamides and poly o-mercaptoamides |
US5696218A (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1997-12-09 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Preparation of poly-o-hydroxyamides and poly-o-mercaptoamides |
US5726279A (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1998-03-10 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Preparation of poly-o-hydroxyamides and poly o-mercaptoamides |
US5783654A (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1998-07-21 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Preparation of poly-O-hydroxyamides and poly O-mercaptoamides |
US5807969A (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1998-09-15 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Preparation of poly-O-hydroxyamides and poly O-mercaptoamides |
US5750711A (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1998-05-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Dicarboxylic acid derivatives |
US5922825A (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1999-07-13 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Preparation of poly-o-hydroxyamides and poly o-mercaptoamides |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JPH0612449B2 (en) | 1994-02-16 |
DE3850809D1 (en) | 1994-09-01 |
JPS646947A (en) | 1989-01-11 |
EP0291779B1 (en) | 1994-07-27 |
EP0291779A2 (en) | 1988-11-23 |
EP0291779A3 (en) | 1989-09-20 |
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