US482177A - Electrical conductor - Google Patents
Electrical conductor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US482177A US482177A US482177DA US482177A US 482177 A US482177 A US 482177A US 482177D A US482177D A US 482177DA US 482177 A US482177 A US 482177A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- strata
- conductor
- commutator
- electrical conductor
- electric
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 title description 26
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 12
- 241000209456 Plumbago Species 0.000 description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
- C04B35/528—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite obtained from carbonaceous particles with or without other non-organic components
- C04B35/532—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite obtained from carbonaceous particles with or without other non-organic components containing a carbonisable binder
Definitions
- the object of my invention is to construct an improved electrical conductor, more particularly such as commutator-brushes and arelight pencils.
- Figure l is a perspective View of an arc-light pencilor stick made in accordance with my invention.
- Fig. 2 is a similar View of a commutatorbrush, also made in accordance with my invention.
- Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic sectional plan View illustrating the manner of producing the conductor; and
- Fig. 4 is a section on the line 1 2, Fig. 3. g
- the main feature of my present invention consists in so making the conductor that it 'will be stratified or laminated and the strata will be disposed in planes parallel with the direction of flow of the electrical current through the conductor (if it may be so expressed) when. the latter is used in an electric circuit.
- This I do by making a plastic mass, preferably of plumbago, fiber, and water, and add thereto a suitable granular mineral substance, such as gypsum, and after thoroughly mixing the compound I place it in a mold A, Fig. 3, having in the bottom, top, or side (as the case may be) a series of small passages.
- the oil treatment may be omitted in cases where the strengthening and toughening of the composition resulting from such treatment are not essential; or, on the other hand, when the oil treatment is used the fiber may in some cases be omitted from the compound.
- the pressure is exerted in a direction transversely to the length of the desired article, so that the strata, lying in planes parallel with the face of the plunger, will, when the commutator is shaped as shown in Fig. 2, or the arc-light pencil is shaped as shown in Fig. 4, lie in planes parallel with the direction of flow of an electric current through the conductor when the latter is in use.
- a conductor with the strata so arranged offers less resistance to the electric current than one in which the strata are in planes transverse to the flow of the current.
- An electric conductor composed of particles of plumbago disposed in strata which lie in planes parallel with the direction of the current.
- An electric conductor composed of particles of electric-conducting carbon and divided fiber disposed in strata which lie in planes parallel with the direction of the current.
- An electric conductor composed of particles of electric-conducting carbon united by an oil-binder and disposed in strata which lie in planes parallel with the direction of the current.
- An electric commutator-brush composed of particles of conducting-carbon, such as plumbago, disposed in strata, which lie in planes parallel with the direction of the current, and are thus presentedon end to the 5 commutator when the brush is in use, substantially as described.
Description
UNITED, STATES PATENT OFFI E.
PHILIP HENRY HOLMES, OF GARDINER, MAINE, ASSIGNOR TO THE HOLMES FIBRE-GRAPHITE MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTOR.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 482,177, dated September 6, 1892.
Application filed January 2, 1 8 92.
To all whom it may concern.-
Be it known that I, PHILIP HENRY l-IoLMns, a citizen of the United States, residing in Gardiner, Kennebec county, Maine, have invented certain Improvements in Electrical Conductors, of which the following is a specification.
The object of my invention is to construct an improved electrical conductor, more particularly such as commutator-brushes and arelight pencils.
In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a perspective View of an arc-light pencilor stick made in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a similar View of a commutatorbrush, also made in accordance with my invention. Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic sectional plan View illustrating the manner of producing the conductor; and Fig. 4 is a section on the line 1 2, Fig. 3. g
In making my improved conductor I prefer to make-it of the composition set forth in the application filed by me on June 2, 1891, Serial No. 394,887, in which plumbagoin a finelydivided state is combined with fiber and compressed and united by a suitable binder.
The main feature of my present invention consists in so making the conductor that it 'will be stratified or laminated and the strata will be disposed in planes parallel with the direction of flow of the electrical current through the conductor (if it may be so expressed) when. the latter is used in an electric circuit. This I do by making a plastic mass, preferably of plumbago, fiber, and water, and add thereto a suitable granular mineral substance, such as gypsum, and after thoroughly mixing the compound I place it in a mold A, Fig. 3, having in the bottom, top, or side (as the case may be) a series of small passages. Then upon forcinga plunger 1) into the mold under heavy pressure the Water or other fluid in the compoundwill be forced to pass out through the small openings a towaste, the fiber and the granular material acting as a filter and preventing the escape of the plumbago, while the particles of fiber and plumbago will be turned in the direction of flow of the water, and will thereby be caused to lie parallel or substantially parallel with the face of the enial No. 416,868. (No model.)
plunger. When the material is removed from the mold, it is dried, so as to completely rid the massof any moisture, and is then submerged in a drying-oil, which when it hardens, preferably under heat, binds the mass together.
The oil treatment may be omitted in cases where the strengthening and toughening of the composition resulting from such treatment are not essential; or, on the other hand, when the oil treatment is used the fiber may in some cases be omitted from the compound.
In making commutator-brushes or arc-light pencils the pressure is exerted in a direction transversely to the length of the desired article, so that the strata, lying in planes parallel with the face of the plunger, will, when the commutator is shaped as shown in Fig. 2, or the arc-light pencil is shaped as shown in Fig. 4, lie in planes parallel with the direction of flow of an electric current through the conductor when the latter is in use. I have found that a conductor with the strata so arranged offers less resistance to the electric current than one in which the strata are in planes transverse to the flow of the current.
Another advantage gained by the disposal of the strata in the manner above described is that in commutator-brushes the strata are presented on end to the commutator, so that the commutator-brush does not wear away so fast as it would if the strata were arranged in a different manner.
I claim as my invention- 1. An electric conductor composed of particles of plumbago disposed in strata which lie in planes parallel with the direction of the current.
2. An electric conductor composed of particles of electric-conducting carbon and divided fiber disposed in strata which lie in planes parallel with the direction of the current.
3. An electric conductor composed of particles of electric-conducting carbon united by an oil-binder and disposed in strata which lie in planes parallel with the direction of the current.
4. An electric commutator-brush composed of particles of conducting-carbon, such as plumbago, disposed in strata, which lie in planes parallel with the direction of the current, and are thus presentedon end to the 5 commutator when the brush is in use, substantially as described.
In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.
PHILIP HENRY HOLMES.
Witnesses HENRY I-IoWsoN, EUGENE ELTERIOH.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US482177A true US482177A (en) | 1892-09-06 |
Family
ID=2551029
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US482177D Expired - Lifetime US482177A (en) | Electrical conductor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US482177A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2419356A (en) * | 1943-09-04 | 1947-04-22 | Carter Carburetor Corp | Brush structure with parallel flakes |
-
0
- US US482177D patent/US482177A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2419356A (en) * | 1943-09-04 | 1947-04-22 | Carter Carburetor Corp | Brush structure with parallel flakes |
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