US476804A

US476804A - mackay

Info

Publication number: US476804A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1892-06-14
Anticipated expiration: 1909-06-14

Description

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 1. W. M. MAUKAY. SEGTIONAL STEAM BOILER.

No. 476,804. PatentedJuhe 14, 1892,

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(No Model.) y 4 Sheets-Sheet 3. W. M. MAOKAY. SEUTIONAL STEAM BOILER.

No. 476,80. Patented'June 14, 1892.

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W. M. MAGKAY. SEGTIONAL STEAM BOILER.

No. 476,804. I Patented June 14,1892.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

XVILLIAM M. MACKAY, OF NElVARK, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO THE RICHARDSON & BOYNTON COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

SECTIONAL STEAM-BOILER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 476,804, dated June 14, 1892. Application filed January 25, 1892- Serial No. 419,231. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, WILLIAM M. MAoKAY, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the cityof Newark, in the county of Essex, of the State of New Jersey, have invented a new and useful Sectional Steam-Boiler, of which the following is a description.

The invention relates to that class of sectional steam-boilers which may be employed for the production of steam-power, for the production of steam for heating purposes in connection with suitable radiators, or for the circulation of hot water through the various apartments of any structure which it is desired to warm.

The invention consists in thevarious novel parts and in the various novel combinations of parts in a sectional steam -boiler, as will first be described with particular reference to its details, and then distinctly pointed out in the paragraphs which follow the detailed description and conclude the specification.

In order that my invention may be fully understood, it will first be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of this specification, and in Wl1lCl1- Figure 1 represents a front elevation of the apparatus. Fig. 2 represents an elevation of the front steam-and-water section, the front closing-plate or door-section having been removed. Fig. 3 represents a horizontal section in the linel Z in Fig. 2. Fig. irepresents a horizontal section on the line 112 m in Fig. 2. Fig. 5 represents in elevation at modification of the construction seen in Figs. 2 and 4, the lower portion of the parts seen in those figures being shown as connected by a transverse water-way. Fig. 6 represents a sectional plan in the line a n of Fig. 5. Fig. 7 represents a front elevation of one of the fire-box or fuel-chamber sections. Fig. 8 represents a horizontal section of one of the tire-box sections as in theline o o in Fig. '7. Fig. 9 represents a longitudinal vertical section as in the line 19 p of Fig. 7. 10 represents a front elevation of the brit ge-wall section. Fig.

11 represents a horizontal section of the bridge-wall section as in the line (1 q of Fig. 10. Fig. 12 represents a horizontal section as in the line r r of Fig. 10. Fig. 13 represents a horizontal section as in the line 8 s in Fig. 10. Fig. 14 represents a horizontal section as in the line t t of Fig. 10. Fig. 15 represents a longitudinal vertical section as in the line it u of Fig. 10. Fig. 16 represents a front elevation of the intermediate or smokechamber section. Fig. 17 represents a sec tional plan view in the line n I) of Fig. 16. Fig. 18 represents a horizontal section in the line to w of Fig. 16. Fig. 19 represents an elevation of the rear steam-and-water or exit-flue section. Fig. 20 is an elevation representing the rear steanl-and-water section in a slightlymodified form. Fig. 21 represents central vertical longitudinal section showing the rear closing or smoke-exit section as discharging into a low-down smoke-chamber. Fig. 22 represents a central vertical longitudinal section showing the rear closingor smoke-exit section as when provided with a smoke-chamher which is of equal height with the section itself. Fig.23is anelevationrepresentingoneof the combustion-chamber sections as composed of two transvere divisions or edge-to-edge subsections. Fig. 24 is an elevation representing the bridge-Wall section as composed of two divisions or transversely-extending subsections. Fig. 25 represents a detail plan, showing the connection of the primary watersupply pipes and the intermediate water-sup ply pipes or manifolds as when the several transverse sections of the boiler are composed of two distinct transverse parts or sub-sections and when the steam-and-water apparatus is supported upon a separate base or ash-pit section. Fig. 26 represents a top plan view of the two part, compound, or twin steam-drum detached from the boiler. Fig. 27 represents a longitudinal vertical central section, in which the rear steam-and-Water section is closed or imperforate and'in which the stea1n-and-water sections are supported upon a separate base or ash-chamber section.

As will be seen in Fig. 1, the front plate or front closing-section a of the boiler A is of such form and dimensions as to adapt it to cover the front steam-and-water section A, and it is provided with flue-door a to afford access to the various fines of the steam-see tions and may have fuel-doors a and a a sliding door a and an ash-pit door a The front steam-section A, in common with all the other sections of the boiler, is provided with right and left water-columns cl cm" and a surmounting intercommunicating arch aa.

At about the mid-h eight of this section at ransverse passage a1) connects the two columns, while vertical passages cw, longitudinally oval, as shown, and placed at a suitable distance apart, connect the transverse passage with the arch portion a a of the section. Theleft and right members of the vertical passages cw extend downward to the floor-line and at. foot are connected by a short passage ah with the exterior columns al CH.

The fuel-box or fire-chambersections A A A A are, as will be seen in Figs. 7, 8, and 9, like the section A, except that none of the intermediate passages extend downwardly below the mid-height transverse connecting-passage up, while at their upper extremities they discharge into the chamber, which is formed by the walls of the exterior columns and their connecting-arch. At the rearot the series of fire-chamber sections is the coincident bridgewall section A, which in all its parts is clearly represented in Figs. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15. As will be seen, the exterior vertical steamand-water columns and the surmounting intercommunicating arch in this section are essentiall y of like construction with corresponding parts in the front section and in the combustion-chamber section already described. The intermediate portions or vertical steamand-water chambers or passages of this section consist of the oval tubes ab ab, &c., flattened at front and rear, as shown, and connected at foot with the transverse water-passage of, while at a point a short distance below the smoke-openings so they are overlapped at front and rear by the oval Water-pas- .sages ow, which are of precisely similar form to the passages below, but are arranged at a right angle therewitlnthereby forming at their junction a series of star-shaped expansion and transfer chambers cc, (best represented in Fig. 12,) which discharge upwardly through the passages ow between the smoke-openings into the common steam-and-waterspace,which has direct and free communication with the exteriorsteam-and-water columns and with their connecting arch-like chambers at the upper extremity of the section.

In rear of the bridge-wall section A is the intermediateorsmoke-chamber section A which exteriorly is uniform with the contiguous sections, but which in its main portion is composed of the vertical oval steam-and-water passages av, which at their lower extremities unite with the transverse passage all, while at their upper extremities they discharge into the chamber which is formed by the walls of the exterior columns al at and their connecting arch act.

In the rear steam-and-water section A the exterior vertical columns are formed as in the bridge-wall section A, Figs. '10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15, and the intermediate steam-'and-water passages above the smoke-openings, like the intermediatesteam-and-waterpassagesin that section below the smoke-openings, are composed of verticallyextending horizontallyoval tubes or passages ab, which at a little distance above the smoke-openings are overlapped by the front and rear oval portions of tubular passages a, which separate the smokeexit openings 60, which at their lower extremities overlap and open into the transverse water-way aw. In this section, it will be observed, the construction represented in the bridge-Wall section is essentially reproduced, the parts being in purpose and effect the same and differing only in their arrangement, the object of the construction in each instance being to permit the provision of the smokeopenings within the area of the vertical steamand-water passages without in any degree diminishing the capacity of such passages.

In Fig. 21 the smoke-exit openings sea in the rear steam-and-water section are represented as discharging into a rear low-down smoke-chamber SO, which is suitably attached at this extremity of the apparatus, a collar so being provided upon the top plate of the smoke-chamber to receive the uptake-pipe and a door 861 being provided at the rear to afford access to the interior of the box and through the openings seo to the interior of the two-part chamber behind the bridge-wall section as well.

Under the construction represented in Fig. 22 the smoke-chamber section S0 at the rear will .extend to the top of the rear steam-andwater section and the ultimate exit-opening M and its collar 30 will be provided in the rear plate of the smoke-chamber and near the upper extremity thereof, while a low-down door sci for the removal of refuse from the several fines and chambers behind the bridgewall section Will be provided, as in Fig. 21.

In some cases a separate rear closing-section or smoke-chamber and exit-opening section, as in Figs. 21 and 22, will be dispensed with, and when it is not employed the rear steam-and-water section A will be modified in construction by substituting for the several smoke-openings so the single transversely-central low-down smoke-exit opening O, as indicated in Fig. 20. Under this modified construction a collard will be provided upon the smoke-exit opening, as seen in that figure, for the attachment of an uptake-pipe.

Steam-drums D and D extend longitudinally of the boiler at asuitable distance above the same and at a short distance apart, the drums communicating with each other through connecting-pipes d d in any desired number,while each drum has communication with the steam-and-water sections through short vertical connecting-pipes cl. The connecting-pipes d and d being provided with valves (1, communication between the two drums is readily controlled.

Along the base of the apparatus, at each side thereof, extends a water supply and distributing pipe or chamber 0, the two pipes being connected, preferably at the rear of the apparatus, by an intermediate pipe op, through which, primarily, the pipes C (J are supplied from an induction-pipe c, which leads from a street-main or other source. A cut-off valve, as 0 being provided in the pipe op at either side of the point of inflow, it is made easily practicable to limit and regulate the supply of water to either division of the apparatus. Under this construction one division of the apparatus may, if desired, be fitted with connections for heating by hot-water circulation, while the appliances of the other division may adapt it for heating by steam pipes and radiators, and use of either division may be discontinued altogether should occasion require it through necessity for minor repairs or for any other purpose.

As will be most clearly seen in Figs. 2, 3, '7, S, and 9, the intermediate or interior vertical steam-and-Water passages cm in the front steam-and-water section A and in the fuel and combustion chamber section A A 850.,

'are of greater longitudinal extent than the transverse horizontal port-ion of such sections and project front and rear beyond the same, the curved or rounded projections serving not only to provide a very large surface for exposure to the action of the volatile products of combustion, but also to constitute partiallyclosed vertical smoke and. flame fiues, which operate to give direction to such volatile products in their movement from the fuel or fire chamber to the exit-opening. This construction serves, also, to produce an active circulation within the water-spaces, the vertical passages uniting with the horizontal passages wherever they are placed in contact.

In the bridge-Wall section A the main or intermediate portion below the smoke-openings is, as already stated, composed of fiattened oval tubes, which are placed edge to edge. To avoid retardation of the flow of the currents through the provision of the smokeopenings at the upper extremity of the bridgewall, it is necessary that the capacity of these steam-and-water sections be undiminished at this point or elsewhere, and itwill be observed upon reference to Fig. 10 and other related figures that through the provision of the double ovalor star formation ashort distance below the smoke-opcnin gs the change from the transversely-oval to the longitudinally-oval formation is effected without at any point diminishing the area or capacity of any of these sections. Under this construction, as will be apparent, a change in the direction of the water-column is effected gradually and without check to the velocity of the current, a semi-spiral motion being imparted thereto through the peculiar relation of the parts to each other.

As already indicated, it will be seen that in the rear steam-and-water section A Fig. 19, a closely-analogous construction is presented, the difference consisting, essentially, in an inversion of the part and in a greater relative capacity at the lower extremity of such rear section.

It will be understood that the horizontal transverse Epassage ab, Fig. 5, at the base of the front steam-and-water section A communicates with the front left and right vertical columns, and through such columns with the exterior longitudinal supply and distributing pipe 0, with which also all the other steamand-water sections are connected for water supply and circulation. This horizontal transverse water-way ab will preferably be provided in this front section only when the apparatus is of considerable dimensions and is supported upon an independent base, as represented in Fig. 27.

Although in the drawings and in the foregoing description but four fuel and combustion chamber sections are provided for, itwill be apparent that in some instances it will be desirable to provide a much greater number.

The construction represented in the first twenty-two figures of the drawings, excepting only Fig. 6, is that which is by preference employed when the apparatus is to be of small or of medium dimensions and is not to be provided with an independent base or ashchamber; but when extensive structures are to be warmed or when for any purpose very great steam-producing capacity is required all the transverse steam-and-water sections will ordinarily be composed of two left and right parts, as represented in Figs. 23 and 24, and such two-part section will rest upon an independent substructure or separate ashchamber section, as in Fig. 27, the volatile products of combustion in such case passing from the end flue cf behind the transverse diaphragm 25d, either directly into an uptake u, coincident with the opening 0 or into and through a low-down smoke=chamberlike that shown in Fig. 2], in connection with one-part transverse steam-andwater sections.

Under the described two-part construction of the transverse sections the exterior horizontal water-supply pipes C will at the rear of the apparatus be connected, as already stated, by a transverse pipe 0 and it will of course be understood that each half-section or sub-section will be connected with one of the steam-drums D or D.

In some situations it may be desirable to provide a smoke-exit opening both in the rear or closing steam-and-water section and in the base or ash-pit section. Under this construction, which may be advantageously employed in connection with a high-up smoke-box, as represented in Fig. 22, it will be practicable by closing the damper in the exit-opening of the steam-and-Water section to direct the smoke through the ash-pit section, or by opening the same to permit the smoke to pass more directly to the opening formed in the upper portion of the rear wall of the smoke-box.

Although the intermediate vertical passages in the bridge-wall section and in the rear steam-and-water section are shown and described as ovalthat is, rounded at their section in the smoke-chamber behind the self to this number, since it is obvious that in situations which require great steam-power or heating capacity a larger number of sections should be employed. It should also be understood that the term. mid-height as applied in description and claims to the horizontal transverse water-ways aq is a generall y-descri ptive and not a specifically-restrictive term, since it is manifest that the relative elevation of the part might be either somewhat greater or somewhat less than as shown without affecting the manner of the operation or in any way exceeding the scope of the invention. Furthermore, although two steamdrums are represented in the drawings, one only may be employed when only a restricted capacity in dimensions and in power is required.

The invention having been thus described, what is claimed is 1. In asectional steam-boiler, a front steamand-water section which embraces left and i right exterior vertical columns, an upper horizontal connecting-ehamber, a lower horizontal continuous connecting chamber or passage between the foot of the two columns, an intermediate or mid-height horizontal chamber or passage connecting the two vertical columns, and a series of vertical passages which are longitudinally oval in their horizontal area and which extend from theintermediate horizontal chamber or passage to the upper horizontal chamber or passage.

2. In a sectional steam-boiler, afront steamand-water section which embraces left and right exterior vertical columns, an upper horizontal connecting-chamber, a lower horizontal connecting chamber or passage between the'foot of the two columns, an intermediate or mid-height horizontal chamber or passage which directly connects the two vertical columns, and a series of vertical passages which extend directly upward from the intermediate horizontal chamber or passage to the upper horizontal chamber or passage.

3. A sectional steam-boiler the fuel and combustion chambers of which are inclosed above and laterally by a series of steam-andwater sections, each of which embraces exterior vertical left and right steam-and-water columns, an upperhorizontal chamber or passage which unites the vertical columns at their upper extremities, an intermediate horizontal chamber or passage which directly connects the vertical exterior columns and which longitudinally of the boiler is of an extent about equal to one-third the longitudinal ex:

tent of the exterior columns, and a series of verticallyarranged passages which extend downwardly from the upper horizontal chamber or passage and embrace or overlap and unite with the intermediate chamber or passage.

i. A sectional steam-boiler the fuel and combustion chambers of which are inclosed above and laterally by a series of steam-and- Water sections, each of which embraces exterior vertical left and right steam-and-water columns, an upper horizontal chamber or passage which at their upper extremities unite the vertical columns, a horizontal chamber or passage which at about its mid-height directly connects the vertical exterior columns and which longitudinally of the boiler is of an extent about equal to one-third the longitudinal extent of such columns, and a series of vertically arranged passages which are longitudinally of the boiler oval in their horizontal area, which longitudinally of the boiler are about two-thirds the extent of the vertical columns, and which extend from the upper horizontal chamber or passage to the intermediate horizontal chamber or passage.

5. A sectional steam-boiler the bridge-wall section of which is composed of a left and a right exterior vertical steam-and-water column, a top horizontal chamber or passage which connects the exterior steam-andwvater columns, a bottom horizontal chamber or passage which connects the lower extremities of the exterior vertical steam-an d-water columns, a series of intermediate edge to edge transversely-oval vertical chambers or passages which are of smallerextent from frontto rear than the exterior vertical columns, and a series of smoke-openings above the upperextremities of the transversely-oval chambers or passages and immediately below the top horizontal chamber or passage.

6. A sectional steam-boiler the bridge-wall section of which is composed of a left and a right exterior vertical steam-and-water column, a top horizontal chamber or passage which connects the exterior steam-and-water columns, a bottom horizontal chamber or passage which connects the lower extremities of the exterior vertical steam-and-watercolumns, a series of intermediate contiguous transversely-oval vertical chambers or passages which together extend across the space between the exterior vertical columns, and a series of steam-and-water passages which extend upwardly from the transversely-oval steam-andwater chambers or passages to the top horizontal chamber or passage, such upwardlyextending steam-and-water passages alternating with smoke-openings formed in the upper extremity of such bridge-wall section immediately below the top horizontal chamber or passage.

7. A sectional steam-boiler the bridge-wall section of which is composed of a left and a right exterior vertical steam-and-water column, a top horizontal chamber or passage which connects the exterior steam-and-water columns, a bottom horizontal chamber or passage which connects the lower extremities of the exteriorvertical steam-and-watercolu1n us, a series of intermediate contiguous transversely-oval vertical steam-and-water columns or passages, and a series of non-contiguous longitudinally-oval steam-and-water chambers or passages which in their lower portion overlap each side of the upper extremities of the transversely-oval steam-andwater chambers or passages and which in their main portion separate and are in alternation with the members of a series of smokeopenings 1n the upper extremity of such bridge-wall section.

S. A sectional steam-boiler the bridge-wall section of which embraces a series of vertical transversely-oval steam-an(l-wate1' tubes or passages which are placed edge to edge in a plane below the several smoke-openings of such bridge-wall section, and a series of longitudinally-oval steam-and-water chambers or passages which in their lower portion overlap the transversely-oval steam-and-water chambers or passages and'which are placed in alternationwith the members of the series of smoke openings in such sect-ion, whereby smoke-openings of the necessary capacity are provided without diminishing the capacity of the steain-and-water passages.

J. In a sectional steam-boiler, a smoke-chamber section behind and coincident with the bridge-wall section, which is composed of a left and a right vertical exterior steam-andwater column, a top horizontal chamber or passage which extends transversely of the apparatus and connects the exterior steamand-water columns, a transversely-extending chamber or passage at the lower extremity of such smoke-chamber section which is of about one-third the extent, longitudinally, of the exterior vertical columns, and a series of vertical tubes or passages which are longitudinally oval in their horizontal area, which are of about two-thirds the dimensions from front to rear of the exterior vertical columns, which are placed at a distance apart about equal to their transverse horizontal diameter, and which extend from the top horizontal chamher or passage to the transversely-extending chamber or passage at the lower extremity of such smoke-chamber section.

10. In a sectional steam-boiler, a rear steamand-water section which embraces left and right exterior vertical steam-and-water columns, a top horizontal steam-and-wat-er chamher or passage which at each end opens into the upper portion of the exterior vertical steam-and-water columns, a bottom horizontal chamber or passage which connects the lower extremities of the exterior vertical steamand-water columns, and a series of intermediate vertically-placed steam-andwater passages which extend from the top horizontal steam-and-water chamber or passage to a point above a series of smoke-openings and which in horizontal area are transversely oval and are of less extent from front to rear than the exterior vertical steam-and-water passages.

11. In asectional steam-boiler, a rear steamand-water section which embraces left and right exterior vertical steam-and-water columns, a top horizontal steam-and-water chamher or passage which at each end opens into the upper portion of the exterior vertical steam-and-water columns, a bottom horizontal chamber or passage which connects the lower extremity of the two exterior vertical steam-and-watercolumns, a series of intermediate contiguous vertically-placed horizontally-oval steam-and-water passages which extend from the top horizontal steam-and-water chamber or passage to a pointa short distance above a series of low-down smoke-openings, anda series of longitudially-oval steamand-water passages which extend downwardly along and upon the transversely-oval steamand-water passages from a point in a plane above the upper extremities of the several smoke openings to the bottom horizontal chamber or passage.

12. In a sectional steam-boiler, a series of transversely-extending steam-and-water sections, each of which is composed of a left half-section and a right half-section, each of the two half-sections being complete in itself, the two being placed edge to edge at the center of the apparatus and each being independently connected with a separate steamdrum and with a water-supply pipe which extends longitudinally along the base of the apparatus at each side thereof, substantially as described.

13. In a sectional steam-boiler, aseries of transversely-extending steam-and-water sections, each of which is composed of aleft halfsection and a right half-section, each of the two half-sections being complete in itself, the two being placed edge to edge at the center of the apparatus and each being independently connected with a separate steam-drum and with a separate water-supply pipe which extends longitudinally along the base of the apparatus at one side thereof, the two longitudinally-extending cold-water pipes being connected together at the rear of the apparatus by an intermediate transversely-extending pipe.

let. In a sectional steam-boiler, a series of transversely-extending steam-and-water sections which in the their lower outer portions bestride the fuel-chamber and which in their upper portions embrace top transversely-extending steam-and-water passages, mid-height transversely-extending steam-and-water passages, and a series of vertical steam-and-water passages which directly connect the top and the mid-height transversely-extending steamandwater passages, the mid-height passages and the vertical connectingpassages being of smaller extent from front to rear than the bestriding and overhanging inclosing portions of the sections, so that all tion-chamber which is formed above the firebox, which opens into and has direct connection with the fire, which has a series of vertical tubes which. are connected at the top with the steam-and-water space, and which are connected at the bottom with a mid-height cross-tube, the communication from the crosstube to the steam-and-water space being directly upward and all the surface in the combustion-chamber being direct'acting fire-surface, substantially as described.

16. A sectional steam-boiler in which are combined a front steam-and-water section which embraces left and right vertical steamand-water columns, top and mid-height transverse steam-and-water ways and vertical intermediate steam-and-water ways, a series of steam-and-water sections which bestride the fuel-chamber and each of which embraces left and right vertical steam-and-water columns, top and mid-height horizontal steam-andwater ways, and intermediate vertical steamand-water tubes which connect the horizontal steam-and-water ways, a bridge-wall section which is provided with smoke-openings and which comprises left and right vertical steamand-water columns, top and bottom horizon-' tal steam-and-water chambers or passages, intermediate vertical transversely-oval contiguous steam-and-water tubes which extend from the bottom passage upwardly to the smoke openings, and longitudinally oval steam and-water passages which are placed in alternation with the smoke-openings, which:

in their lower portion overlap the upper extremities of the transversely-oval passages andv which at their upper extremity open into the top horizontal passage, a smoke chamber steam-and-water section which has left and right vertical steam-and-water columns, top and bottom horizontal passages, and intermediate vertical steam-and-water passages or tubes which are separated from top to bottom by smoke-openings, and a rear steam-and water section which has left and right verti-' cal steam-and-water columns, top and bottom horizontal steam-and-water passages, and interm ediate vertical steam-and-water passages.

17. A sectional steam-boiler in which are combined a front steam-and-watcr section which embraces left and right vertical steamand-water columns, top and mid-height transverse steam-and-water ways, and vertical intermediate steam-and-water ways, a series of steam-and-water sections which bestride the fuel-chamber and each of which embracesleft and right vertical steam-and-water columns, top and mid-height horizontal steam-and-water ways, and intermediate vertical steanrandwater tubes which connect the horizontal steam-and-water ways, a bridge-wall section which is provided with smoke-openings and which comprises left and right vertical steamand-water columns, top and bottom horizontal steam-and-water chambers or passages, intermediate vertical transversely-oval contiguous steam-and-water tubes which extend from the bottom passage upwardly to the smoke-openings, and longitudinally-oval steam-and-water passages which are placed in alternation with the smoke-openings, which in their lower portion overlap the upper extremitiesot' the transversely-oval passages and which at their upper extremities open into the top horizontal passage, a smoke-chamber steam-and-water section which has left and right vertical steamand-water columns, top and bottom horizontal passages, and intermediate vertical steamand-water passages or tubes which are separated from top to bottom by smoke-openings, and a rear steam-and-water section which has left and right vertical steam-and-wate'r columns, top and bottom horizontal steam-andwater passages, intermediate vertical contiguous transversely-oval steam-and-water passages which eXtend from the top horizontal steam-and-water passage to a point above the plane of a series of smoke-openings, and a series of longitudinally-oval steam-and-water passages which are placed in alternation with the smoke-openings and which overlap the lower portion ofthe transversely-oval steamand-water passages and at their lower extremities discharge into the bottom horizontal steam and-water passage.

18. In a sectional steam-boiler, a series of transversely-extending steam-and-water sections, each of which is composed of a left half-section which is surmounted by a steamdrum and a right half-section which is surmounted by a steam-d rum, valved connections between the two steam-drums, and a controllable water-supply pipe which discharges into each of the two half-sections, whereby the action of either of the two half-sections may be controlled or wholly discontinued independently of the other half-section.

19. A sectional steamboiler which embraces a series of two-part transversely-extending edge-to-edge water-sections, each part being complete in itself, a branched or twopart water-supply pipe which discharges into each part of the two-part water-sections, a steam-drum which surmounts each part of the two-part Water-sections, and controllt ble intercommunicating pipes which connect the two drums, whereby either half-section may be operated to its full capacity or may be thrown out of action altogetherindependently of the other half-section.

20. A sectional steam boiler which embraces a series of two-part transversely-extending steam-and-water sections, and an independent base or ash-pit section which supports the steam-and-water sections and which is provided with a transversely-extendin g diaphragm which is coincident with the bridgewall steam-and-water section and which is provided in its rear plate behind the transverselyextending diaphragm with a smoke-exit open ITO ing, whereby the gaseous and carbonaceous products of combustion generated or produced at or above the plane of the upper extremities of the ash-pit sections are first caused to circulate through and between the several transverse steam-and-Water sections in front of the bridge-Wall section and are then caused to dive through the smoke-chamber behind the bridge-Wall section into the rear portion of the base or ash-pit section and to pass to an 10 uptake behind the exit-opening in the rear plate of such base or section.

VILLIAM M. MAOKAY.

\Vitnesses:

D. S. RICHARDSON, 'I. H. WARBENTON.