US472621A - jones - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.)A A w 5 sheets-sheet 2. F. J. A'JNYES. PROCESS OP MAKING COKE.

No. 472,621. Patented Apr. 12, 1892.

(No Modl.) 5 Sheets-Sheet. 3r 1:".y J. JONES. PROCESS 0F 'MAKING COKE.

No; 472,621. PatentedApr. 12, 1892.

(No Model.) v5 Sheets-Sheet 4. F J.- JONES.

PROGBSS'OF MAKING COKE. No. 472,621.- Patented Apr. 12, 1892.

5 Sheets-Sheet 5.

(No Model.)

P. Jv. JONES'. PROCESS of' MAKING COKE.

PatentedApr. 12, l1892.

dhwvu/c/ a @nm mi mums versus cm. mommno., wnsungcvon. nl rg.

'UNTTED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FREDERICK .IOSIAH JONES, OF BEDFORD, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR TO THE ECONOMIC GAS AND COKE COMPANY, LIMITED, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

PROCESS OF MAKING COKE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 472,621, dated .April 12, 1892.

Application led February 18, 1891. Serial No. 382,001. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, FREDERICK JosIAH JONES, engineer, of 61 Goldington Road, Bedford, in the county of Bedford,England, have invented new and useful Improvements in the Process of Making Coke, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to improvements in that process of making coke wherein the coking of the coal is effected by the passage transversely through a thin vertical stratum of coal of the hot gases resulting from the combustion of fuel in a separate gas-prod ucer furnace. In this process as heretofore conducted the coke produced is liable under certain circumstances to be contaminated by the impurities-particularly the sulphur-contained in the fuel consumed in the gas-producer furnace, while the gases resulting from the coking operation are to alarge extent virtually wasted.

The object of my present improvement is both to avoid this contamination with sulphur and to utilize to greater advantage the gases given off by the charge of coal to be coked.

To this end the invention consists in using the gases given off in the coking'operation (or in the preliminary stage thereof) in a purified and reheated condition for the purpose either of coking another charge or for completing the coking of the same charge and at the same time sweeping out the impurities contained in the charge. If,'therefore, the gases given off in the operation of coking a charge are suilicient to repeat the operation on another charge, the gases from the producer need only be used at starting for the purpose of coking the charge in the irstoven (or first pair of ovens) of a series, the coking of the charges in the succeeding ovens of the series being effected by the gases (puried and reheated) coming o from the other ovens, the timing of the heats and of the intermediate operations being so arranged as to make the cycle of operations continuous through the whole series of ovens. The process thus differs from all others in that there is theoretically no loss of heat and the gases used are theoretically everlasting, simply alternating in composition from a rich gas consisting largely of carbonic oxide to a gas consisting of carbon dioxide, and back again from carbon dioxide to the rich gas, dto., as in each complete cycle the carbon dioxide made in the combustion-chamber becomes changed in passing through the body of the hot ook-ing mass' and highly charged with tarry vapors, ammonia, and other gaseous constituents. In practice, however, the gases after purification are reheated by being mixed with the gases from the gas-producer, which is fed with the breeze or small pure coke resulting from a previous charge coked by this process.

By purifying the gases and using them as above4 described a much purer kind of coke will be produced than when crude gases from the producer furnace are used, and the ammonia, sulphur, and other valuable by-products may be recovered.

The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which- Figure l is a general plan of the ovens, the` apparatus for purifying the coke-oven gases, extracting the by-products therefrom, and returning the purified gases to the ovens. Fig. 2 is a side elevation,partly in section, on line l l, Fig. 3, of a set of six pairs of ovens, the producer-furnace in connection therewith being shown in Fig. 2a. Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional elevation through a pair of ovens, one being open and the charge in the act of being drawn. Fig. 4 is a section through one of the gas-collecting chambers. Fig. 5 is a vertical section, and Fig. 6 a horizontal section, of one of the purifiers.'

The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in all the figures, and I will now more fully describe the process with reference thereto.

A A A A are pairs of ovens, each pair being situated between a combustion-chamber B on the one side and a gas-collecting chamber C on the other side, these chambers being common to the two ovens of a pair which communicate With said chambers, respectively, by orifices b c in the division-walls. Each combustion-chamber B is preferably placed between two pairs of ovens A A and is common to both pairs.

Each oven A is a long narrow upright chamber of approximately equal length and height, but of a breadth of only about onetenth the height. The roof and licor are inclined at a pitch of about thirty-three degrees, the side and end walls being vertical. The roof is preferably eoveredwith a deep layer of partially non-conducting material, as ashes, asbestus, or sand orlime, forming a thick roof, as shown. The most important dimension is the breadth, which would be limited accordingto thepermeability of the mass by the gases of combustion, which would depend on the kind of coal and size of the pieces. I find that one foot is a good working dimension for the breadth of the oven for coking what is known as smudge or duff, or eighteen inches for coking rough slack. The orifices i) c are of such size that they will not be filled and choked by the coal and may be made either by using perforated lu inps or leaving open (tothe extent of about half an inch) all the vertical joints of the brick-work of the side walls from the floor a up to the shoulder a', above which the brick-work is solid, these perforated walls being prevented from bulging by headers or cross-ties of fire-brick crossing the chambers B C and binding their 0pposite walls together, as shown in Fig. The opposite side walls of the ovens being thus perforated, the products of combustion in passing from chamber l to the gas-collecting chamber C will pass across the ovens and transverse in the direction of its least thickness the mass of coal contained therein.

The ovens of each pair A A are set back to back or with their higher ends together, and each pair has a charging-mouth A2, closed by a cover and common to the two ovens A A', the division-wall between the ovens being only high enough to separate the masses of coke without interfering with the free charging of both ovens from the one mouth A2. In order to enable the coke to be discharged en bloc and with little waste or labor, each oven-licor a is inclined downward toward the front end, where is situated the dischargingaperture extending the full width and height of the oven and closed by sand-luted doors D D', the downward inclination of the floor being continued outside the oven to enable the mass of coke to be slid out with little or no breakage. rl`he perforated side walls of the ovens have each when using a shrinking coal a ledge or shoulder a', before referred to, inclined at a slightly greater pitch than the floor a and situated at such a height that a sufficiency of the charge, which fills the oven nearly to the roof, will rest 011 the shoulders a and by sealing the passage left by the contraction in bulk of the coal in coking prevent the gases of combustion passing around instead of through the charge. In order to insure the sufficient heating of the charge from below, the space E beneath the floor a (which is of fire-brick) communicates with the lower part of the co1nbustion-chamber B by orifices c.

F is a gas-producer furnace communicating with the several co1nbustion-chambers by a flue G, provided with valves g of fire-brick for controlling the passage of the furnacegases tothe combustionchambers. The furnace has air-heating tlues H, through which the air-supply to the combustion-chamber passes'.

At starting the cycle of operations the combustion-chambers I3 receive the gases resulting from imperfect combustion in the gasproducer furnace F, charged, for this time only, with wood or charcoal, thus insuring the production of a pure coke in the ovens from the very commencement of the operation. The combustion of these gases is completed in the chambers B by the admission of just su flicient air (admitted through flues II and apertures 7L) to the chambers B to produce nearly, but not quite, perfect combustion, and the resulting gases traverse the charge of coal in the ovens and are collected in chambers C. In the subsequent repetitions of the operation the gasessupplied to thecombustion-chambers B are mainly those derived from the coking of another charge, (after purification and reheating, as hereinafter described,) the producer gases being only used alone in startin g operations. The gases after traversing the ovens are received in the gas-collectin g chambers C, whence they pass oil' through a fiue I, common to all the gas-collecting chambersC, the communication of which with the said flue is controlled by suitable valves t' of fire-clay. The gases are conveyed by the flue I to a condenser K, which may be of the ordinary construction as used in gas-works. From this the uneondensed gases are extracted by an exhauster (situated at L, for example) and forced through a scrubber M, also of the ordinary kind used in gas-works, the condensed products from both the condenser and scrubber flowing into atar-settling tank N, whence the ammonia separated therein overflows into a tank O. From the scrubber M the washed gases pass to one of two purifiers I) P', in which the operations of purifying the gases and revivifying the purifying agent are alter nately performed, the purifying operation going on in the one while the revivifying operation is performed in the other. From the purifier the purified gases return to the furnace F, where theyare raised to the requisite temperature before being returned to the combustion-chambers B for the purpose of being again passed through the charges to be coked, as above described. This reheating-furnace is the ordinary gas-producer,cxcept that it is provided with a gas-inlet flue j', leading up through the furnace-bridge. The gases coniing from the purifier P or P pass through the flue f and are mixed above the bridge with the gases resulting from imperfect conibustion in said producer. Afterstarting the cycle of operations with charcoal, as above mentioned, this furnace is fed with small pure coke or breeze resulting from a previous coking operation by this process, so that the gases produced byit will be pure. rlhe mixed IOO IIO

pure gases generated in the gas-producer and returned from the purifier through fiue f are then conveyed to the several combustionchambers B and-thence through the ovens.

The purifiers P P are ofthe ordinary construction used in gas-Works, except that they are entirely constructed of refractory materials, in order that the spent lime may be desulphurized by burning Without being removed from the purifier. With this object in vievtr the layer ot' lime (which is the purifying agent employed) is supported on perforated slabs of tire-clay p, supported on intermediate bearer-Walls p', apertured to permit free circulation of the gases. The gas-inlet from the scrubber is at m andthe outlet to thereheater is at f.

For the purpose of desulphurizing the lime a mixture of the previously-purified gas and air is burned .in the purifier, the gas being admitted at a nozzle q and drawing in ,its own supply of air, or a current of hot air or of products of combustion, or of both, may be passed through or over the spent lime for the purpose of roasting outl the sulphur and revivifying the lime. The Waste gases from this operation may be utilized by being burned in a steam-boiler furnace or heated for the extraction of their sulphur. The communications of the scrubber M with the several purifiers P P and of the latter With the furnace F andl the boiler-furnace, if any, are controlled by valves, all made of re-clay, so arranged that the purifying and revivifying operations may go on concurrently and alternately in each purifier.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention and in What manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is- 1. The improvement in the process of making coke herein referred to, Which consists in purifying the mixed gases resulting from the -ment which consists in cooling and Washing the vmixed gases resulting from the coking operation herein referred to, collecting the con densable constituents, passing the cooled and Washed gases through apurifier, then mixing them Withfresh gas-producer gases generated from coke and with air, and finally passing the gases resulting from the combustion of the purified and reheated gaseous mixture through a fresh or partially-coked charge, as specified.

The foregoing specification of my improvements in the production of coke for foundry and other purposes signed by me this 7th day of February, 189i. Y l

- FREDERICK JOSIAH JONES.

Witnesses:

' WALTER J. SKERTEN, 17 Gracechtwch St., London, E. O'.

T. W. KENNARD,

21 Parthenia Rel., Poole Park, Fulham, Clerk.

Images