US458585A - kunhabdt - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. D. KUNHARDT. TELEGRAPHY Patented Sept. 1, 18111.

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

D. KUNHARDT.

(No Model.)

TELEGRAPHY.

Patented Sept. 1,1891.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

DAVID KUNI-IARDT, OF AACHEN, GERMANY.

TELEGRAPHY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 458,585, dated September 1, 1891.

Application filed March 26, 1891. Serial No. 386|425. (No model.)

T @ZZ whom it may concern:

Be itrknown that I, DAVID KUNHARDT, a subject of the Emperor of Germany, residing," at Aachen, in the Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for the Transmission of Telegraphic Messages by Means of Direct or Alternate Electrical Current-s, of which the followingisaspeciication. This invention relates to an apparatus by means of which signs can be transmitted by direct currents of electricity-that is to say, currents passing` in the same direction and earth connections-or by alternate currents, I5 according to the interpositions of a contact plug, the necessary relay being switched in after each sign.

'In the accompanying drawings, which are in illustration of the invention, Figure l is a zo general view of an installation for direct and alternate currents. Fig. 2 is a separate view of a modification of the double lever illustrated in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a general view showing separately the installation when the 2 5 transmission is effected by direct current. Fig. 4 is a general view showing separately the installation when the transmission is effected by alternate currents.

In Fig. l the wires and clamps or binding- 3o screws common to both arrangements are shown in thick lines, whereas they are shown in thin lines and the clamps shaded when the apparatus is operated by means of direct currents and earth connections. Furthermore, the wires and clamps, as well as the alterna tive position of rest of one of the armatures of the electro-magnets, are shown in dotted lines for alternate currents, while in order to show more clearly the different arrangements 4o and circuits according to the two methods these are reproduced separately in Figs. 3 and 4.

Referring to Fig. l, H is a double lever or key having its iulcrum upon the block K and carrying at one end the contact-piece R', which forms with the contact-piece R2, placed below it, a normal contact, the spiral spring X constantly holding the lever-arm down, while the other end of this lever or key is furnished with a knob anda contact T', forming with the contact T2, placed beneath it, the

contact for telegraphing a sign. The double lever or key H consists of two insulated pieces which can be metallically connected together by means of the plug or stop S. For operating by meansV of direct currents-that is to say, currents proceeding in the same direc-- tionthe plug S is interposed, whereby the key H, practically, is made to consist of a single solid piece, as shown in Fig. 3.

Fig. 2 shows a modiiication of the construction and arrangement of the key I-I, as represented in Fig. l. In the arrangement shown in Fig. l the positive currentof the local battery passes through the spiral spring X and the normal contacts R R2, While the Wire V, leading to the line or distance battery, is connected to the block or support K ot the key H. In the arrangement shown in Fig. 2 the current of the local battery passes through the spiral spring X and the normal contacts R R2, while the wire V, leading D O. the line or distance battery, is connected to the block or support K ot the key H.

When commencing operations with direct currents, all the binding-screws (designated by roman numerals) are metallically con nected with the severalpieces C, having corresponding italic numerals. The local battery B then actuates the electro-magnet O, the current passing from the said battery to the spiral spring X, (or through the block K in Figs. 2 and 3,) the key H, the normal `contact R R2, the junction ZT, the resistance U, proceeding round the electro-magnet O and to the junction Z of the negative current, and the electro-magnet attracts its armature a. The sign being now transmitted by depressing the key Il, the electro-magnet releases its armature a', while the normal contact R R2 is opened and the armature a makes contact with the set-screw or terminal c of the metal piece c. This elastic metal piece which has the form ot' a fiat spring, as shown, is iixed to the pillar n', its outer end resting upon the rod c2, which limits its moof the screw c', the spring c, is raised to a sufficient height, but is limited in its movements by the screw G.

l In the position resulting from the release of the armature the circuit is directly contion. The armature a', which raises, by means ICQ 5 binding-screws I and G, the wire P, the conductor P the metallic piece if, (resting upon the armature a2, but insulated therefrom,) the contact-point e, the block e', the bindingscrew VII and G7, the junction Z2, the wire j, the junction Z4, and thence to earth at E. When the telegraphing-contac't T T2 is closed, the electro-magnet M is actuatedby the local battery B, the current passing through the spiral spring X, (or the block K in Figs. 2 and 3,) the key H, the plug S, Figs. l and 2, the

telegraphing-con tact T T2, the binding-screwsA IV and G4, the junction Z5 and Z', so that the electro-magnet M attracts its armature a2, which has a very short stroke, and the other end of which then presses against the contact-point f, whereby the connections hitherto existing between the circuit and the earth by means-of the contact t' e is broken, while the circuit from the line-battery B and the wire L is established, the current passing through the junction Z6, the binding-screws GG and VI, the pillar K2, the armature a2, the screw f, and the pillar f, the binding-screws V and G5, the junction Z2, the line-Wire L, and returning through earth E, the junction Z4, and the binding-screws G2 and I. After the telegraphing-contacts T T2 are opened the armature a2 falls back with its insulated contactpiece?. upon the set-screw e, and thereby establishes connection to earth, through which the current passes. The normal contact R R2 is now closed, whereby the armature a is attracted by the electromagnet O. This attraction of the armature a is retarded by suitable mechanism and means influencing the action of the current, such as a further'spring-tension, the movement of a running weight connected t0 the armature, the interposition of the resisttance U in the local circuit connected with the electro-magnet O or the like. In this Way the armature may not fully follow in consequence of the rapid making and breaking of the normal contact R R2, or the attracting impulses of the electro-magnet O, so that the contact of the armature a against the setscrew c remains-that is to say, the discharge-current is continuously connected to earth-the connection being only broken, as above described, when transmitting a sign, and hence making the contact a2 f. It the contact R R2 remains a little longer in its closed position, the armature a is fully at tracted by the electro-magnet O, whereby the contact of the armature ct with the screw c isopened, the connection to earth is broken, and the relay R is inserted. It is therefore left to the operation of the operator whether he allows this relayto be inserted or notafter each elementary sign, whole letter, or full word. As in practice the insertion of a relay after each full word fully suffices to prevent the possibility of a break, the operatorl need not look after each sign to the complete closure of the normal contact R R2; but this closure may be allowed with full security after each complete word. When telegraphing by means of alternate currents, Figs. l and t, the plug S is withdrawn from the key H and all the binding-screws G are connected with the binding-screws W. Another battery B2 is connected, as shown in the general View, with the battery B. When the key l-I is at rest, both the electro-magnets O and M are actuated as, being parallel, the current passes as regards the electro-magnet O through the spiral spring X, the key H, the contacts R R2, the junction Z7, the resistance U, round the electro-magnet O to the junction Z', and the negative pole of the battery B, and as regards the electro-magnet Mthroughthe spiral spring X, the key H, the normal` contact R R2, the junction Z7, the binding-screws III and W2, and the junction Z5 Z. As-the sign is transmitted, the normal contact R R2'is iirst opened, whereupon the armature a', as above explained, presses against the setscrew c', raises the spring c, and strikes the set-screw G. At the same time the electromagnet M releases its armature a2, which, having a short stroke, allows the contactpiece f to fall upon the screw e. When operating with alternate currents only, the insulated contact t' is not required, the armature a2 falling directly upon the contact c, the wire P and the binding-screws W8 and VIII being likewise dispensed with.y When the telegraphic contact T T2 is closed, acurrent is sent into the circuit, passing from lthe battery B through the junction Z2, the

binding-screw lV and I, the spring @,the set.-

lscrew c', the armature a', the pillar K and -the junction Z2 to the line-wire L, ,and back.

through earth at E, junction Z4, wirej, junction Z2, binding-screws W6 VI VIII W2, conducting-Wire P', insulated contact-piece t', set- `screw e, pillar e', binding-screw VIIWV7 IV, ytelegraph-pieces T2 T', wire V, and bindingscrews W2 II. Telegraphic contacts T T2 being now opened, the apparatus remains-inoperative; but the closure of the normal contacts screw c is not immediately broken bythe `closure of the normal contacts R R2; but the armature a2 is immediately attracted by the IOO IIO

R R2 causes a current to be sent ina contraryA ldirection to that of the former one from the lbattery B2 into the circuit, while in: conselquence of the above-described limitation of the mobility ofthe armature a or of the attractive capability of the electro-magnet O the ,contact between the armature a and the setmagnet Mv and brought against the contactpoint f. A current is thus generated in an opposite direction by the Vpositive pole of the battery B2, this current passing through the wire V, the binding screws VW and V, the pillar f', contact-point f, armature a2, pillar K2, binding-screws VI and W6, junctions ZS Z4 to earth E,a11dback through the line-wire L,

junction Z2, pillarl K', armature d', set-screw" c', spring c, binding-screws I and W junction Z to the negative pole of the battery B2. It' further work is carried. on, this negative current is immediately broken, owing to the separation of the normal contacts R R2 and the resulting opening of the contact between the armature a2 and the contact-point f, while the contact between the armature ct and the set-screw c' is only broken, as above described, when the closure of the contact R R2 is of somewhat longer duration.

Vhen operating by means ot' alternate cu rrents, an absolutely secure closure of the normal contact R R2 should be effected after each elementary sign. NVhen the apparatus remains without working for any length of time, the current from the local battery can be broken by withdrawing the plug, while the break occurring at the same time between the circuit, the relay, and the earth,in consequence of the movement of the armature a', can be remedied by a suitable insertion of plugs between the circuit or line-wire L and the pillar d. The receipt of signs is eected in a similar manner in both cases through the circuit L, junction Z2, pillar K armature a', set-screw d, pillar CZ', relay R, junction Z4, and earth E.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature ofthe said invention and the manner in which the saine is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is- An apparatus for telegraphing either with direct currents and earth connections or with alternate currents, consisting of a key or lever H, with normal and telegraphing contactpoints R and T which are either electrically connected together or separate from one another and the contact of which with the contact-pieces R2 or T2 (or the separation there- 4o from) successively or simultaneously actuates or puts out of action two electro-magnets O and M, the armature a2 of the former having a short stroke, while the armature ce of the latter has a long stroke, for the purpose of making and breaking contact at different times by the common action of the rapid movements of the armature a2 and the retarded movements ot the armature a, whereby at each sign either a circuit from the apparatus 5o to earth is formed or a current having an opposite direction to that of the sign-current is sent into the circuit, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I hereunto sign my name, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses, this 9th day of March, 1891.

DAVID KUNI-IARDT.

JOHN HEoKMAUNs, TH. WITTNICH.

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