US440767A - del ant - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet P. B. DELANY.

- SYNGHRONOUS TBLBGRAPHY. No. 440,767.

Patented Nov. 18, 1890'.

J a :0 3 r 1 wll f in (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2'.

P. B. DELANY. SYNOHRONOUS TBLEGRAPHY.

No. 440,767. Patented Nov. 18, 1890.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

P. B. DELANY. SYNOHRONOUS TELEGRAPHY.

No. 440,767. Patented Nov. 18, 1890.

feta Idaho PATRICK B. DELANY,

OF NEXV YORK, N. Y.

SYNCHRONOUS TELEGRAPHY.

SPECIFICATION forining part of Letters Patent No. 440,767, dated November 18, 1890.

Application filed July 30, 1886.

T0 on whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, PATRICK B. DELANY, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Multiple Telegraphy, of which the following is a specification.

In various Letters Patent of the United States heretofore granted to me I have shown systems of synchronous telegraphy based upon the idea of splitting up or subdividing a main line into a number of independent circuits by means of synchronouslymoving circuit-completers traversing over a circle of insulated segments at each end of the main line in such manner that all the sub-circuits can be simultaneously operated in either direction. In working such synchronous sys tems it has been considered necessary that the traveling circuit-completers rest at the same time upon corresponding segments-in other words, that the circuit-completers must at the same time rest on segments connected in the same sub-circuit and the line must be such that a current sent into it at one end can reach and manifest itself at the other end during the time the circuit-completers remain in contact with said segments. Such an operation is suitable for short lines, and has the advantage that the pairs of operators on any sub-circuit can communicate in either direction at all times; but the system cannot be practically operated under the conditions above recited where the line is of such length or where, by reason of cables, underground wires, or other causes of increased resistance of the main line, the time or retardation of the line is such that with segments of reasonable practicable size, such as I have hereto- Serial No. 209,557. (No model.)

instance, in a pending application filed by me I have shown an organization for the purpose in which the feature of reciprocal communication over each sub-circuit is retained. In operating the synchronous systems to which I refer it has therefore always been a necessary condition that the circuitcompleters rest simultaneously upon contacts with which the terminal instruments of a given sub-line are connected. The rotating circuitcompleters must therefore be synchronous as regards their contact with the segments with which any given sub-circuit is connected, though they need not necessarily be synchronous as regards actual correspondence of position relatively to the points of the compass on the circles of segments.

M y present invention is in part based upon the idea of transmitting impulses or messages over the line and sub-circuits in one direction only and of receiving the impulses in their proper successive order upon segments which allow for the time of the line irrespective of the position or synchronism of the circuitcompleters. cuit-completers run isochronously or make given revolutions in the same period of time, it is immaterial whether the circuit-colnpleters are synchronous in either the sense of always occupying exactly corresponding 'positions with reference to the circle of segments or synchronous in the sense of resting at the same moment upon segments connected in the same sub-circuit. For instance, in my present method of working herein described,

In other words, provided the cirif the circuit-completers are run synchronously in either of the senses above mentioned, the operation would be as follows: If both circuit-completers rested at the same moment upon segments, each numbered 1 and occupying exactly corresponding positions, a trans mitted impulse sent into the line would not be received upon the other segment No. 1, but

would be caught upon that segment which was properly located according to the time of the line. Thus if the time of the line was gards' correspondence of posit-ionthat is, if, for instance, at the transmitting end the circuit-completer rests on No. 1 segment at the moment the receiving circuit-completer rests on No. 4 segmentthe transmitted impulse would in like manner be received upon that segment located beyond No. 4 in such position according to the time of the line as to properly catch the impulse. From what has already been said it will doubtless have been perceived that an impulse sent into the line through a segment having a given number may be received upon the segment having a like number, one circuit-completer being run ahead of the other. To restate the matter briefly, the transmitting-operators may all be 7 working and a succession of impulses be sent into the line at one end as the circuit-completer traverses the segments, and at the receiving end of the line such successive impulses will inexact and proper rotation be received upon segments located so as to allow for the time of the particular line and irrespective of the numbers they hear.

The invention also contemplates certain improvements in the construction and operation of apparatus more particularly adapted to the practice of the method of operation above recited than the apparatus now in use.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a View in elevation of an improved arrangement of the motor and distributer or rotating circuit-completer. Fig. 2 is a diagram view illustrating circles of segments which may be used in connection with such apparatus, and also illustrating improved arrangements for maintaining the proper movement of the circuit-completers at both ends of the main line. Figs. 3 and 4: are diagram views illustrating portions of circles of segments at connected stations, and Fig. 5 is a similar view.

For convenience of description I will first describe the apparatus shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

A is the rotating toothed armature-wheel, and B the motor-magnet, which may be energized by a suitable arrangement of electric circuits, contacts, and vibrator, such as shown in my various patents. On the spindle of the armaturewheel is arranged a toothed wheel 0, which gears with a pinion O on a counter-spindle D, arranged centrally within the circle of segments E and carrying a trailing finger or circuit-complete! cl. 1f the pinion C has one-twelfth the number of teeth that the toothed wheel 0 has, it will be rotated twelve times during one revolution of the wheel 0, and the segments in the circle may be reduced to one-twelfth the number that would otherwise be desirable. Of course these relative proportions are mentioned merely by Way of example, and any suitable and desirable relation of the parts may be adopted.

In my prior patents the armature-disk A is described as being rotated about three times per second. If in the arrangement described the disk should be driven at the same rate,

the circuit-completer would be rotated about thirty-six times per second.

I do not wish to limit myself to the special mechanism shown and above described, as the principle of operation is obviously not in any way dependent upon particular details of construction.

In my Patent No. 286,278 I have shown and described each operator as having twelve segments taken at equal intervals in the circle of segments. With thepresent arrangement it will be obvious that each operator would only require one segment in order to get the same number of connections with the main line.

The message-segments are numbered from 1 to 12, and, as viewed in the drawings, those numbered alike occupy corresponding positions in the two circles. The intermediate segments z are used for separating the message-segments, and also when desired for grounding the line. independent of each other and of the other segments. and may individually be connected in any desired way to ground or otherwise.

By giving an increased speed of rotation to the circuit-completer and reducing the number of insulating -.segments, as above described, various ad vantages result as, for instance, the grouping of a number of segments into one circuit is unnecessary; the segments may be made larger than heretofore; the segments being reduced in number the instruments can be made more cheaply; bad effects from inequalities in the circle of segments are avoided; there is no unevenness in the continuity or regularity of the impulses on each circuit, as is somewhat the case with the old plan on account of the arrangement of the correcting-segments; the circle of segments may be made smaller, thus reducing friction to a minimum. and the apparatus is specially adapted for working according to myimproved method above referred to.

One arrangement for effecting the synchronous correction of this apparatus is illustrated in diagram in Fig. 2, which shows the correction sending and receiving segments and their connections wit-l1 the battery and correcting devices and the way in which the latter act on the vibrator or reed.

It has been deemed unnecessary to illustrate the manner in which the vibrator controls the motor-circuit, as that may be done in exactly the same way described in a large number of patents heretofore granted to me.

The correcting-impulses are all sent from one end of the line from Xto Y, as illustrated in the figure, and may be either accelerating or retarding impulses, according to the position of the circuit-completer at the receiving-station. One correcting-impulse for each revolution of the circuit-completers will be ample, as the speed of rotation is comparatively high. At station X three large segments similar to the message-segments are shown as devoted to the correction of the speed of the apparatus. The correcting-bat- They are separate and tery C B is shown as connected with the first one of these segments, and the other two may be grounded. More than three segments could be used, if desired, or only two might be used, and the segments might be reduced in size or connected differently, according to the requirements of any special circuit. At station Y the space corresponding to that occupied by the three correcting-segments at station X is occupied by a number of smaller segmentssay seven(marked a b c d e f g,) which may be the same size and preferably have segments 2 2 arranged at each side of the group.

In the arrangement shown in Figs. 2, 3, and 4 provision is made for the time or retardation of th line, and the correction-receiving segments are displaced relatively to the battery-connected correction-sending segment at station X. The middle one d of the smaller segments is shown as grounded. Such segment is displaced according to the amount of retardation of the linethat is, if the circuit-completers are running in the same relation to the corresponding segments the current sent in at the battery-segment at station X will be delivered into the segment (1 at station Y. If the circuit-completer at Y,how-

ever, is tardy and rests upon the segment a at the moment the current manifests itself, a correcting-impulse of acceleration will be imparted to the apparatus at station Y in a manner presently described, and if the circuit-completer rests upon the segmept g a correcting-impulse of retardation will be given the apparatus at Y, as presently described. The segments 2 and z are preferably normally grounded, so as to keep the line free from any current as the circuitcompleter comes upon the correcting-segments and as the circuit-completer leaves such contacts to come upon the first message-segment. The other smaller segments may also be grounded, as shown, if desired, to discharge the correcting-battery current from the line when the apparatus is running properly, and other segments than those mentioned may be connected for correction, according to the retardation of the line. The vibrator V, in this instance a reed being shown, is actuated by its local circuit and battery B, as is well understood. A resistance R is included in the local circuit and is normally shunted out of the circuit through the wire 4" and armature R of a magnet R which isincluded in anormallyclosed local circuit 8, which runs through the armature S of a magnet S, through the coil of which an accelerating-contact a is connected to earth.

As explained in my prior patents,a decrease of the electro-magnetic power of the vibratorcircuit will cause an acceleration of the vibrator. If, therefore, the circuit-completer at Y should be tardy and the transmitted correcting-impulse should manifest itself upon the segment a, the magnet S would be energized, its armature attracted, the local 3 broken, and the shunt 1' opened by the armature R leaving its front stop. This would throw the resistance B into the vibrator-circuit and cause a momentary acceleration of the vibrator.

The retarding-contact g is connected through the coil of a magnet O to earth. The armature of this magnet normally rests against its back stop, thus closing a local circuit 0, in which the coil of a magnet P is included. The normal attraction of the armature of the magnet P against its front stop closes a shunt P around a battery P in a local circuit Q, which includes the coils of a double magnet Q, the poles of which are arranged on opposite sides of the end of the reed and are provided with adjustable screw pole-pieces, as fully described in my prior patents. If, therefore, the circuit-completer rests upon the retarding-contact g when the correcting-impulse transmitted from X manifests itself, the armature of the magnet 0 will be attracted, the local 0' opened, and the shunt P broken, thus causing the local battery P to become effective in the coils of the magnet Q, creating a magnetic field around the end of the reed and producinga retardation of its vibration, as described in my prior patents.

Other methods than those illustrated of controlling the vibrator at station Y may of course be used.

Having now described one form of my improved apparatus for carrying out my method, one way of arranging the correcting-contacts, and one way of making the corrections, either for acceleration or retardation, efiective, I will now refer again particularly to the correction of the apparatus and then to the method of transmitting messages.

Fromwhat has been said it will have been perceived that it is entirely immaterial what point in the circle is selected for the location of the correcting-segments. In other words, as it is entirely immaterial whether the circuit-completers run synchronously as regards actual position or synchronously as regards resting upon exactly corresponding segments at the same time, the correction-receiving segments may be selected at any point in the circle. When both circuit completers are running properly, the current sent in from the correcting-battery O B at the distant station will be delivered into the ground located between the accelerating and retarding segments. If the receiving circuit-completer is running out of time, then when the transmitted correcting-impulse has reached the circuit-completer and the circuit-completer touches the accelerating or retarding-contact the speed of the receiving apparatus will be increased or diminished.

In Fig. 3 I have shown two connected stations with a portion of a circle of segments at each station. In these circles the segments are the same size, whether they be for correction or messages, while the interposed ground-segments z are somewhat smaller. I

might, however, make all the segments the same size and connect them for use in any manner desired.

Referring to Fig. 3, if I select segment marked at station X for connection to the correcting-battery O B, I may select at the other station Y any segments desired. For instance, I may select Nos. 2 and 4 for connection to the accelerating and retarding apparatus, as indicated. In that event I would ground at the receiving-station segment No. 3, and also, preferably, the separating or ground segment on each side of it. This would give a ground-contact between the acceleratingan d retarding segments of considerably greater area than that of the segment 0 from which the correcting-impulse was sent into the line. A similar arrangement is exhibited in Fig. 2. This is a desirable feature, because the current will discharge at Y more slowly thanit comes in at X, and by providing this enlarged area of ground-contact the line will be properly discharged between the correcting-segments 2 4 and not afiect the retarding, apparatus when the circuit-completer runs upon segment 4. I might connect a segment on the outside of the accelerating or retarding segment to the accelerating or retarding devices to catch all the correcting-current, if desired, thus providing an area of contact for the delivery of a correcting-impulse to the correcting devices larger than the segment from which the impulse was sent into the line, or I might connect the correcting-battery with two segments and the retarding or accelerating devices each with three segments, as shown in Fig. 4. In this figure the segments are all the same size. They may be connected as desired. At station X, Fig. 3, I might, as shown, ground the separating or ground segment and the adjoining main segment on each side of the segment 0 with which the correcting-battery C B is connected. This, however, is not necessary, and under some conditions by leaving these segments open a more marked effect will be produced at Y by the transmitted impulse.

Now, in regard to the transmission of messages, such transmission should, in order to utilize the full'capacity of the line, be in the same direction that the correcting-impulses are sent over the line; in other words, transmission should be from X to Y, as shown in the drawings. Operators sending instruments S may, therefore, be connected with each of the message-segments at X, and receivinginstruments R maybe connected with each of the receiving message-segments at Y. If the time of the line is equal to the space between two message-segments, then a message sent on segment 6, for instance, would be received at Y on segment 7. If the time of the line is equal to two message-segments, then it would be received on segment 8. It will therefore be readily perceived that if all the operators connected with the message-segments at X should transmit simultaneously the transmitted impulses would be successively sent into the line, and the receiving-segments at Y being properly selected according to the time of the line such message-impulses would in proper and accurate succession be delivered through the proper segments to the receivers, and this irrespective of the position of the circuit-completers, provided they make a revolution in the same period of time.

As above remarked, the correcting segments or message-segments may all be made the same size and connected as desired. For instance, very small segments insulated from each other, but arranged closely together, could be used and two or more such segments connected together so as practically electrically to form a single segment either for correction or transmission of messages. In Fig. 4 I have shown the message-segments all the same size, and in both Figs. 3 and 4 have illustrated the use of several segments connected together so as to electrically constitute one segment; but obviously, so far as this part of my invention is concerned, the condition and operation will be precisely the same if the segments were made very much smaller, and a suitable number connected together to give the required area of contact.

I have above spoken of receivinga correcting-impulse upon a greater area of contact than the segment from which the impulse was sent into the line-in other words, of providing for the spread or slower discharge of the received current. The same principle might be adopted with reference to the mesage-segments, and each receiving-operator might have two receiving-segments and the current only be sent into the line at the other end on one segment. In that event the idle segment at the transmitting-station could be either grounded or left in the air, as desired. Such an arrangement is seen in Fig. 4, where S at X indicates a key and battery connected to one contact, the adjoining contact being grounded. At Y the corresponding receiver R is connected with both contacts.

In an apparatus like that illustrated in Fig. 3 it might be considered desirable, and probably would be under some circumstances, to have the correcting-segments smaller than theothers-sayon e-half the size-so they could be connected independently in any manner desired, as suggested in connection with the description of Fig. 2 or otherwise. Instead of controlling the circuit-completers by corrections of acceleration and retardation, the receiving apparatus might be run faster or slower than the other apparatus and be controlled by corrections of opposite tendency.

In the figures thus far described the trailers are shown as running togetherz'. a, in the same relation to the correspondingly marked or numbered segments. An objection to working according to this plan is that one or more of the message-segments to the left of the correcting-segments (as viewed in the drawings) must be idle, because if a mesend of the line, and thus prevent the proper running of the apparatus.

At the beginning of this specification it is stated that one cir cuit-completer may be run ahead of the other.

, Such an arrangement is shown in Fig. 5, and

l with cl.

has certain advantages over those above described. In that figure the segments are shown as of same size. They may of course be made of any desired size and connected to accomplish the desired results, as fully stated above in connection with the other figures. As before, two stations X and Y are shown. The correcting segments at both stations are marked a b c d e f. At the correction-sending station X a segment 0 is connected with :the correcting-battery, the segments a b on the left and d e on the right being grounded.

At station Ysegment c is grounded, I) connected with acceleration devices, d with retardation devices, and a and e are grounded. Segmentf may beleft in the air or grounded; or, if it is desired to have two segments connected to the correcting-battery and two to the corresponding ground at Y, the segment f may be utilized. As shown, the trailer at X is running ahead of that at Y, the difference between them depending on the time of the line. Thus, assuming the time of the line to be three segments, while the trailer at X is on correcting-battery segment 0 trailer at Y is on the segment ahead of a; but by the time the latter trailer reaches 0 the current from the correctingbattery has arrived and is discharged into the ground. The relative positions are clearly shown by the full and dotted lines. If trailer at Y is tardy, the current from O B will be delivered into the accelerating devices connected with b, and if too fast into the retarding devices connected Of course the message-currents are transmitted in the same way-that is to say, an impulse sent into theline atX through any message-segment would arrive at Y by the time the trailer there had reached the corresponding segment and would be delivered through said segment to the receiving-instrument corresponding with the transmitter from which the impulse was sent. \Vith this plan there is no idle space in the circles, because the received current, either for messages or correction, is delivered into segments corresponding with those from which the current is sent out. It will also be noted that the trailers automatically adjust themselves to the time of the line, for when they are started to rotating the trailer at Y will be accelerated or retarded until it finds its true relation to the trailer at X and delivers the current from GE into the ground through segment 0. Changes in the condition of the circuit afiect-ing its time, arising from atmospheric or other causes, are automatically compensated, because if a change tending to reduce the time of the line occurs the current from C B will reach the trailer at Y while it is still upon segment I), and the trailer will be accelerated and the distance between the two trailers correspondinglyreduced. A corresponding retarding effect is produced by the retarding devices it the time of the line should increase. The instruments, therefore, are adapted to any lines, and no special adoption or change is required to work them on any circuit.

In starting the apparatus both trailers are caused to rotate at what is approximately the same speed, and, if necessary, the speed of trailer at Y may be slightly adjusted until the correctingimpulses are delivered into the ground 0.

The advantages of my improved method of working besides those above mentioned are thata great number of circuits maybe worked over any given line, and the received impulses will be strong and effective, because all the current arriving at the receiving-station is delivered into the receiving-segment and not partly into adjoining ground-segments, as is the case when operating in both directions under my patented system.

Obviously the apparatus hereinbefore described may on sufficiently short lines be operated according to the plans set forth in my patents already granted.

The special apparatus above described is not essential to the practice of my improved method of working, thoughl deem it specially Well adapted for the purpose. The apparatus shown in my prior patents might with little, if any, change be worked according to my present plan, though there would be certain objections to it.

Two main lines could be used advantageously-one for sending, the other for receiving-and the operators instruments arranged in relation to each other similar to the common disposition of quadruplex lines, so that the operator receiving on No. 1 circuitof one wire may break the operator on No. 1 circuit of the other wire. This is a common arrangement in quadruplex telegraphy and needs no illustration.

No claim is made herein to the broad idea of sending an impulse from one segment and receiving it on another so displaced relatively to the sending segment as to allow for the time or retardation of the line, as such subject-matter is claimed in another pending application filed by me.

No claim is made herein to themethod of operation, as that is claimed in a divisional application filed by me.

I claim- 1. The combination of the several segments for correction, messages, and grounding, said segments being arranged in a circle independently insulated and provided with independ ent binding posts or contacts, so that they may be independently connected, as desired.

2. The combination of the insulated mes-- sage-segments, the insulated correction-segments, and theindependently-insulated interposed ground-segments having each an independent binding-post, whereby they are capable of being connected independently to ground or otherwise, as desired.

3. The combination of the electricallydriven disk, its spindle, the counter-spindle, gearing interposed between the spindles, the trailer, and the circle of segments.

4. The combination of the primary driven spindle, a second spindle, interposed mechanism by which the latter spindle is driven at an increased speed, the trailer carried by the latter spindle, and the circle of segments.

5. The combination of the line, circles of segments, rapidly-rotating trailers traversing them and connected with the line, the speed of rotation of said trailers being so related to the segments that each operator need be connected with but one segment in each circle for multiplex Morse transmission, correctionsending segments located at one point only in one circle of segments, and correction-receiving segments located at one point only in the other circle of segments.

6. The combination of a main line, a circle of insulated segments, electrically driven traversing circuit-completer and its controlling-vibrator or circuit-interrupter at each end of the line, a correcting-battery connected with a segment at one end of the line, at the other end of the line a segment connected with circuit-completer accelerating devices, and also a segment connected with circuitcompleter retarding devices, and a groundconnected contact arranged between said accelerating and retarding segments, said ground-contact having an area not less than the area of the segment or contact through which the correcting-current is sent into the line at the distant station.

7. The combination of a main line, a circle of insulated segments, electrically driven traversing circuit-completer and its controlling-vibrator or circuit-interrupter at each end of the line, a correcting-battery connected with a segment at one end of the line,

at the other end of the line a segment con nected with circuit-completer accelerating devices, and also a segment connected with of contact not less than the segment through which the correcting-impulse is sent into the line at the distant station, and a ground-connected contact arranged between said accelerating and retarding segments.

8. The combination of a main line, a circle of segments, electrically driven traversing circuit-completcr and its controlling-vibrator or circuit-interrupter at each end of the line, acorrecting-battery connected with a segment at one end of the line, and at the opposite end of the line correcting-segments located in a group at one point only in the circle, one of said segments corresponding with the distant battery-connected segment being connected to ground, another of said segments on one side of said grounded segment connected to accelerating devices, and another of said segments on. the other side connected to retarding devices, substantially as set forth.

9. The combination of a main line, a circle of segments, electrically driven traversing circuit-completer and its controlling-vibrator or circuit-interrupter at each end of the line, a group of correcting-segments in one of the circles of segments, a correcting-battery connected with the middle segment of said group, connections between the other segments of said group and the earth, a corresponding group of correcting-segments in the other circle, a connection between the ground and the middle segment of the latter group, vibratoraccelerating devices connected with the segment or segments on one side of the middle grounded segment, and vibrator-retarding devices connected With the segment or segments on the other side of said middle segment.

10. The combination of the circles of contacts and trailers at each end of the line, a battery and transmitting devices connected with a contact in one circle for sending impulses over the line, and corresponding receiving devices at the distant end of the line having a relatively greater contact areain the circle for the reception of said impulses, for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name.

PATRICK B. DELANY.

Witnesses:

GEORGE A. Scorr, B. R01.

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