US4391802A - Method of treating leukemia or leukemoid diseases - Google Patents
Method of treating leukemia or leukemoid diseases Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4391802A US4391802A US06/356,385 US35638582A US4391802A US 4391802 A US4391802 A US 4391802A US 35638582 A US35638582 A US 35638582A US 4391802 A US4391802 A US 4391802A
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- cells
- hydroxyvitamin
- leukemia
- dihydroxyvitamin
- derivative
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/59—Compounds containing 9, 10- seco- cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of leukemia or leukemoid disease treatment by administration of a vitamin D derivative with a hydroxyl group at 1 ⁇ -position.
- vitamin D 3 is first hydroxylated (at 25-position) in the liver to form 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 , then is hydroxylated (at 24-position or at 1 ⁇ -position) in the kidney to form 24,25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 , or 1 ⁇ ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 and 1 ⁇ ,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D 3 .
- these metabolites and other synthetic analogs, such as 1 ⁇ -hydroxyvitamin D 3 thereof enhance intestinal calcium transport and bone mineral mobilization and are useful as therapeutic agents to treat the diseases caused by various disorders in calcium metabolism.
- the present inventors administered Alfarol (the trademark for a 1 ⁇ -hydroxyvitamin D 3 preparation made by the Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha) to patients who were under hemodialysis because of chronic renal failure and suffered from fever and leukocytosis, resulting in following unexpected clinical status: the fever which could not be abated by antibiotics such as kanamycin and rifampicin or steroid hormones reduced to the normal level, the blast granulocytes attributable to myeloproliferative disorders disappeared, and the count of leukocytes became normal.
- Alfarol the trademark for a 1 ⁇ -hydroxyvitamin D 3 preparation made by the Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha
- the present inventors have performed series of experiments with a myeloid leukemia cell line (Ml) isolated from an SL mouse with myeloid leukemia, finding that the 1 ⁇ -hydroxyvitamin D 3 is about 100 times as potent in the production of macrophage-inducing factor from Ml cells as dexamethasone the most potent inducer ever known. This observation was confirmed by the changes in the morphology of the Ml cells, their adhesion to the dish surface, an increase in the lysozyme activity, the induction of phagocytic activity, and the appearance of Fc and C3 receptors on the cell surface.
- Ml myeloid leukemia cell line
- the present inventors assumed that the 1 ⁇ -hydroxyvitamin D 3 is capable of treating leukemia or leukemoid diseases through redifferentiation of the leukemia cells produced by abnormal differentiation and found that this capability is inherent in vitamin D derivatives with a hydroxyl group at 1 ⁇ -position.
- the inventors carried out further studies on this phenomenon and accomplished the present invention. Therefore, the present invention provides a method of leukemia or leukemoid diseases treatment by administration of vitamin D derivatives with hydroxyl group at 1 ⁇ -position.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a microscopic observation ( ⁇ 800) of the differentiated or undifferentiated Ml cells obtained in Experiment 1.
- FIG. 2 shows the density gradient distribution profiles of adherent Ml cells among the four fractions prepared in Experiment 2.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relation between incubation time and lysozome activity in the Ml cells prepared in Experiment 4.
- FIG. 4 is a dose response curve showing the relation between the concentration of hormones and lysozome activity in the Ml cells prepared in Experiment 4.
- the conditions treatable by the method of the present invention include leukemoid diseases and leukemia.
- the invention is particularly effective on the treatment of myelogenous leukemias.
- Illustrative vitamin D derivatives with a hydroxyl group at 1 ⁇ -position include 1 ⁇ -hydroxyvitamin D 3 , 1 ⁇ ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 , 24,24-difluoro-1 ⁇ ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 , 1 ⁇ ,24,-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 , and 1 ⁇ ,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D 3 . All of these derivatives are well known and can be prepared by any of the methods described previously, e.g., Japanese Patent Public Disclosure Nos. 62750/73, 95956/74, 76252/76, 108046/76 and 111462/80. These compounds are used in the method of the present invention after being formulated in a desired preparation by a conventional technique. Since these can achieve the purpose with a very small dose, as low as 20 to 400 pg/ml in terms of blood level, these are advantageously administered in a soft capsule.
- Mouse myelogenous leukemia cells were cultured in an Eagle's minimal essential medium at 37° C. in the mixture of 5% carbon dioxide and 95% air. The medium was supplemented with twice the normal concentrations of amino acids and vitamins, and 10% calf serum inactivated by heat treatment at 56° C. for 30 minutes. The cells were transferred every 2 or 3 days. Ethanol, 10 -6 M of dexamethasone, 1.2 ⁇ 10 -8 M of 1 ⁇ ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 and 1.25 ⁇ 10 -6 M of 1 ⁇ -hydroxyvitamin D 3 were added separately to the Ml cells and incubated for 3 days.
- FIG. 1(A) shows, most of the cells to which ethanol was added were myeloblastic with a large round nucleus, but the cells treated with 10 -6 M of dexamethasone [FIG. 1(B)], with 1.2 ⁇ 10 - 8 M of 1 ⁇ ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 [FIG. 1(C)] or with 1.25 ⁇ 10 -6 M of 1 ⁇ -hydroxyvitamin D 3 [FIG. 1(D)] differentiated into mature macrophage-like cells.
- Ml Cells were cultured as in Experiment 1, and ethanol, 10 -6 M of dexamethasone, 1.2 ⁇ 10 -8 M of 1 ⁇ ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 and 1.25 ⁇ 10 -6 M of 1 ⁇ -hydroxyvitamin D 3 were added to the cultures, separately, and the respective cultures were incubated for 3 days. After the non-adherent and loosely adherent cells were washed off by rinsing with a prewarmed culture medium, the cells adherent to the dishes were collected with a calcium- and magnesium-free phosphate buffered saline [PBS(-)] on ice.
- PBS(-) calcium- and magnesium-free phosphate buffered saline
- the collected cells were resuspended in PBS(-) and mixed with an equal volume of 2.43% Ficoll in Urografin solution.
- FIG. 2(A) shows the relative cell number of the culture containing ethanol
- FIG. 2(B) shows the case of the culture containing 10 -6 M of dexamethasone
- FIG. 2(C) shows the case of the culture containing 1.2 ⁇ 10 -8 M of 1 ⁇ ,25-dehydroxyvitamin D 3
- FIG. 2(D) shows the case of the culture containing 1.25 ⁇ 10 -6 M of 1 ⁇ -hydroxyvitamin D 3 .
- 1 ⁇ ,25(OH) 2 D 3 and 1 ⁇ (OH)D 3 represent 1 ⁇ ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 and 1 ⁇ -hydroxyvitamin D 3 , respectively.
- FIG. 3 depicts the relation between incubation time and lysozyme activity observed when Ml cells cultured after the treatment with 10 -6 M of dexamethasone, 1.2 ⁇ 10 -8 M of 1 ⁇ ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 and 1.25 ⁇ 10 -6 M of 1 ⁇ -hydroxyvitamin D 3 as in Experiment 1 and incubated on a lysoplate at 30° C.
- FIG. 4 is a dose response curve depicting the effect of the respective hormones on the lysozyme activity.
- the lysozyme activity was indicated by measuring the diameter of cleared zones made by lysozyme action after incubation.
- One unit of the lysozyme activity was defined as the amount equivalent to 1 ⁇ g of albumen lysozyme (cell count for 4 ⁇ 10 6 ) under the same conditions.
- the curves ⁇ -- ⁇ , ⁇ -- ⁇ and ⁇ -- ⁇ indicate the Ml cells treated with dexamethasone, 1 ⁇ ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 and 1 ⁇ -hydroxyvitamin D 3 , respectively.
- Ml Cells were treated with 1.0 ⁇ 10 -6 M of dexamethasone, graded amounts (see Table 2) of 1 ⁇ ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 and 1.25 ⁇ 10 -8 M of 1 ⁇ -hydroxyvitamin D 3 , incubated for a predetermined period, collected by centrifugation and resuspended in a serum-free culture medium. Four hours later, the cells were incubated with polyethylene latex particles (2 ⁇ l/ml, av. dia. 0.81 ⁇ m, product of Difco Lab. Co.) under the same conditions. Then, the cells were washed vigorously four times with PBS(-), and the number of phagocytic cells among at least 200 viable cells was counted under a miroscope. The resut is shown in Table 2. The figures in the column of "Incubation Period" represent the percentage of phagocytic cells relative to total cell number after the respective incubation periods.
- Fc and C3 receptors were carried out according to the method of Lotem and Sachs (Int. J. Cancer, 15, 731-740). Sheep erythrocytes were washed three times with PBS(-) and resuspended in the same buffer at 1 ⁇ 10 9 cells/ml. Equal volumes of sheep erythrocytes (E) and rabbit antiserum (A) diluted with PBS(-) were mixed and incubated at 37° C. for 30 minutes. The resulting antibody-coated erythrocytes (EA) were washed three times with PBS(-) and resuspended in a serum-free culture medium at 1 ⁇ 10 9 cells/ml.
- Equal values of EA cells and a fresh mouse serum diluted with the same serum-free culture medium were mixed and incubated at 37° C. for 30 minutes.
- the resulting complex (EAC) of erythrocytes coated with antibody (EA) and complement (C) were washed and resuspended as described for the preparation of EAC.
- Ml Cells (1 ⁇ 10 6 per ml) were incubated for 3 days in the presence of ethanol, 10 -6 M of dexamethasone, graded amounts (see Table 3 below) of 1 ⁇ ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 , and 1.25 ⁇ 10 -8 M of 1 ⁇ -hydroxyvitamin D 3 , and mixed with EA or EAC (5 ⁇ 10 7 cells per ml) and centrifuged for 3 minutes at 500 ⁇ g. Each sample was incubated at 37° C. for 30 minutes without dispersing the pellet. The number of cells with a rosette to which at least four erythrocytes were bound was counted with a hemocytometer. The result is shown in Table 3. The figures in the columns of "Fc receptor" and "C3 receptor” represent the percentage of the number of cells with a rosette relative to the total cell number (at least 200 cells were counted).
- Soft capsules each containing 1.0 ⁇ g of 1 ⁇ ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 , were produced as in Example 3 except that the 1 ⁇ -hydroxyvitamin D 3 was replaced with 1 ⁇ ,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 .
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- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
TABLE 1 ______________________________________ Total Adherent Chemicals Concentration cell number cell number added (M) (%) (%) ______________________________________ Control -- 100 5.2 ± 0.8 Dexamethasone 1.0 × 10.sup.-6 57 ± 4* 33.0 ± 5.4* 1α,25(OH).sub.2 D.sub.3 1.2 × 10.sup.-9 77 ± 2* 17.9 ± 5.0 1.2 × 10.sup.-8 57 ± 5* 41.3 ± 8.0* 1α(OH)D.sub.3 1.25 × 10.sup.-7 71 ± 3* 25.4 ± 3.4* 1.25 × 10.sup.-6 43 ± 6* 26.5 ± 2.7* ______________________________________ *P < 0.01
TABLE 2 ______________________________________ Phagocytic cells (%) Chemicals Concentration (Incubation period) added (M) 1day 2 days ______________________________________ Control -- 0.5 8.9 Dexamethasone 1.0 × 10.sup.-6 26.7 36.7 1α,25(OH).sub.2 D.sub.3 1.2 × 10.sup.-10 26.0 29.6 1.2 × 10.sup.-9 35.0 44.4 1.2 × 10.sup.-8 51.0 48.4 1α(OH)D.sub.3 1.25 × 10.sup.-8 21.6 31.2 ______________________________________
TABLE 3 ______________________________________ Chemicals Concentration Fc receptor C3 receptor added (M) (%) (%) ______________________________________ Control -- 6.9 7.6 Dexamethasone 1.0 × 10.sup.-6 16.5 24.3 1α,25(OH).sub.2 D.sub.3 1.2 × 10.sup.-9 11.1 12.7 1.2 × 10.sup.-8 20.2 21.4 1α(OH)D.sub.3 1.25 × 10.sup.-8 18.2 14.0 ______________________________________
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP56035218A JPS57149224A (en) | 1981-03-13 | 1981-03-13 | Tumor-suppressing agent |
JP56-35218 | 1981-03-13 |
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US4391802A true US4391802A (en) | 1983-07-05 |
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US06/356,385 Expired - Lifetime US4391802A (en) | 1981-03-13 | 1982-03-09 | Method of treating leukemia or leukemoid diseases |
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JP (1) | JPS57149224A (en) |
Cited By (53)
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WO1986002527A1 (en) * | 1984-11-02 | 1986-05-09 | The General Hospital Corporation | Method of treating psoriasis |
US4594340A (en) * | 1984-11-29 | 1986-06-10 | Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. | 25,26-dehydro-1α,24R-dihydroxycholecalciferol and 25,26-dehydro-1α,24S-dihydroxycholecalciferol and the epimeric mixture |
US4612308A (en) * | 1984-11-29 | 1986-09-16 | Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. | 25,26-Dehydro-1α,23(S,R)-dihydroxycholecalciferol and its epimers |
US4613594A (en) * | 1984-11-16 | 1986-09-23 | Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. | Fluorinated vitamin D3 compounds |
WO1986006255A1 (en) * | 1985-04-23 | 1986-11-06 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Seco-sterol compounds effective in inducing the differentiation of malignant cells |
WO1987000834A1 (en) * | 1985-08-02 | 1987-02-12 | Leo Pharmaceutical Products Ltd. A/S | Novel vitamin d analogues |
US4717721A (en) * | 1985-05-30 | 1988-01-05 | Howard W. Bremer | Sidechain homo-vitamin D compounds with preferential anti-cancer activity |
EP0296800A1 (en) * | 1987-06-23 | 1988-12-28 | Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. | Vitamin D3 derivatives |
US4800198A (en) * | 1985-04-23 | 1989-01-24 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Method of inducing the differentiation of malignant cells with secosterol |
US4906785A (en) * | 1984-12-19 | 1990-03-06 | Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. | Novel trifluorinated vitamin D3 intermediates |
US5037816A (en) * | 1984-11-02 | 1991-08-06 | The General Hospital Corporation | Method of treating psoriasis |
US5039671A (en) * | 1984-12-19 | 1991-08-13 | Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. | Trifluorinated-1α,25S-dihydroxy vitamin D3 compounds |
US5087619A (en) * | 1988-01-20 | 1992-02-11 | Hoffman-La Roche Inc. | Vitamin D3 analogs |
US5120722A (en) * | 1984-02-08 | 1992-06-09 | Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. | Trihydroxy-cholecacliferol and trihydroxy-ergocalciferol for treating leukemia |
US5145846A (en) * | 1988-01-20 | 1992-09-08 | Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. | Vitamin D3 analogs |
US5250523A (en) * | 1988-04-29 | 1993-10-05 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Side chain unsaturated 1α-hydroxyvitanim D homologs |
US5254538A (en) * | 1989-10-04 | 1993-10-19 | Trustees Of Boston University | Method of treating periodontal disease |
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JPS60120812A (en) * | 1983-12-02 | 1985-06-28 | Teijin Ltd | Remedy for diabetic osteopenia |
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JPH0115484B2 (en) | 1989-03-17 |
JPS57149224A (en) | 1982-09-14 |
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