US4346834A - Thermoplastic carrying bag with polyolefin resin blend - Google Patents
Thermoplastic carrying bag with polyolefin resin blend Download PDFInfo
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- US4346834A US4346834A US06/208,092 US20809280A US4346834A US 4346834 A US4346834 A US 4346834A US 20809280 A US20809280 A US 20809280A US 4346834 A US4346834 A US 4346834A
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- olefin
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002397 thermoplastic olefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims 4
- 239000013032 Hydrocarbon resin Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 229920006270 hydrocarbon resin Polymers 0.000 claims 3
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006026 co-polymeric resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- ALSOCDGAZNNNME-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;hex-1-ene Chemical compound C=C.CCCCC=C ALSOCDGAZNNNME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000707 stereoselective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D31/00—Bags or like containers made of paper and having structural provision for thickness of contents
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1334—Nonself-supporting tubular film or bag [e.g., pouch, envelope, packet, etc.]
- Y10T428/1345—Single layer [continuous layer]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24628—Nonplanar uniform thickness material
- Y10T428/24669—Aligned or parallel nonplanarities
- Y10T428/24686—Pleats or otherwise parallel adjacent folds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
- Y10T428/31909—Next to second addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
- Y10T428/31913—Monoolefin polymer
Definitions
- This invention relates to thermoplastic carrying bags, commonly used as grocery sacks, shopping bags, etc.
- it relates to an improved "undershirt” type bag made of blown tubular film comprising blended polyolefin resins for improved strength and tear resistance.
- thermoplastic film technology has made possible low cost blown tubular film, made with various olefinic polymers, out of which packaging materials were made.
- Thermoplastic bags, and in particular polyethylene bags have in recent years gained prominence in the packaging of a wide variety of goods such as grocery items, dry goods and the like.
- Conventional low density polyethylenes (LDPE) made by high pressure radical polymerization methods, have been commercially available for many years and have been employed in blown films and shopping bags. These LDPE resins have a high molecular weight and are highly branched.
- LDPE low density polyethylenes
- One of the most common drawbacks of the employment of such LDPE grocery bags is their tendency to rupture under load stresses and, also, their fairly low puncture resistance.
- One solution is to increase the film gauge, but that would lead to an increase in product costs.
- HDPE High density polyethylene
- LDPE low pressure polyethylene
- the HDPE copolymers have a density greater than 0.94 and are commercially available as ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymers such as ethylene-octene or ethylene-hexene.
- blended polyolefin resins containing linear low density polyethylene copolymers are advantageous in the manufacture of thermoplastic films and bags.
- the blended polyolefin resins are particularly well suited for making seamless-wall handled strap bags from thin tubular film consisting essentially of a homogeneous ternary blend of HDPE copolymer, LLDPE, and ordinary branched LDPE.
- FIG. 1 is a front elevation view of one form of the bag structures of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the bag illustrated in FIG. 1 in a partially open position
- FIG. 3 is a front elevation view of another form of bags made according to the present invention.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,867,083 (Herrington) describes the method and apparatus for preparing a continuous, seamless blown thermoplastic film tubing by extruding a melt of the thermoplastic through an annular orifice into an instantaneous cylindrical shape, inflating the film tube thus formed and cooling such inflated tubing.
- a typical undershirt bag structure is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,165,832 to Kuklies et al.
- the disclosure relates to thermoplastic bag structures which are characterized by having a pair of carrying handles which are formed integrally with the bag walls, and extended upwardly from the open mouth portion of the bag.
- thermoplastic polyolefin bags Numerous techniques have been described in the prior art for the formation of thermoplastic polyolefin bags. In order to obtain the improvements in physical properties such as improved strength and tear resistance which are essential to a shopping bag, most of the prior art teaches the formation of multilayer laminar thermoplastic film. In bag construction, certain particularly desirable physical characteristics should be exhibited. The bag should have a relatively high tensile modulus and resistance to impact forces. It should also exhibit good elongation under stress with a high degree of tear resistance. These improved physical characteristics are achieved in this invention in a bag made of a single layer film.
- the "undershirt” bag is made from an improved thermoplastic polyolefin film consisting essentially of a ternary blend of about 5 to 20 wt. % HDPE, 20 to 70 wt. % LDPE, and 20 to 70 wt. % LLDPE.
- the HDPE is a high density copolymer of ethylene and at least one alpha-olefin.
- the alpha-olefin can have a carbon number range between and including 4 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the preferred HDPE resin is a copolymer where said alpha-olefin has from 6 to 8 carbon atoms, such as hexene-1 or octene-1.
- the HDPE copolymer has a density greater than 0.940 and preferably has a melt index value of 0.2 to 2.
- the preferred concentration of HDPE is 8 to 15 wt.% and the most preferred concentraton is 10 wt. %.
- a suitable high density polyethylene copolymer is made by DuPont Co. under the name "Alathon F7810," which is a high density fractional melt index ethylene-3% octene copolymer resin employed in the blown extrusion method.
- the HDPE fraction adds stiffness and strength to the bag.
- the low density polyethylene is made by the conventional high pressure method and thus is highly branched.
- the LDPE has a density not greater than 0.930 and a fractional melt index range of 0.5 to 0.9 with a preferred melt index of 0.7.
- the preferred LDPE concentration is 20 to 40 wt. % or 50 to 70 wt. %.
- the LDPE lends its excellent processing properties which are necessary for heat sealing. It also possesses excellent toughness, impact strength and tear strength.
- a suitable LDPE is made by Dow Chemicals under the name "Resin 682.”
- Low density polyethylene "Resin 682" has a melt index of 0.7 and a density of 0.921.
- the linear low density polyethylene resins are produced by the newly developed low pressure method thus having less branching and more controlled molecular structure than the conventional high pressure LDPE resins.
- the LLDPE is a copolymer of polyethylene and at least one alpha-olefin where said alpha-olefins have 4 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the preferred alpha-olefins are those with 4 to 8 carbon atoms such as butene-1, hexene-1 4-methyl pentene, octene-1 and mixtures thereof.
- the LLDPE resins employed herein have a density not greater than 0.940, and preferably have a melt index range of 0.2 to 2.
- the preferred concentration of LLDPE in the bag blend is 20 to 40 wt.
- Films made with LLDPE resins have significantly higher impact, tear, and tensile strength. Because of the improved physical properties, the film fabricator can either fabricate film having superior properties to conventional LDPE/HDPE blends, or can reduce film thickness to achieve comparable or even still superior film properties thus attaining significant savings in resin cost.
- Suitable LLDPE resins are Dow Chemical's "Dowlex 2045,” which has a density of 0.920 and a melt index value of 1.0, and XO-61500 series of experimental resins.
- Dow's XO-61500.38 LLDPE resin has a density of 0.935 and a melt index value of 1.0. These resins add to the tear strength, stiffness, and toughness of the bag.
- the three above components are formulated in such a manner as to give an overall blend density range of about 0.92 to 0.935, optimally about 0.924.
- the film produced from this blend is preferably between 20 and 40 microns in thickness.
- Formulation A contained 20 wt. % of "Dowlex 2045" LLDPE and 10 wt. % of DuPont's Alathon F7810 HDPE. The balance, or 70 wt. %, was made up of Dow's Resin 682 LDPE (branched).
- Formulation B contained 40 wt. % of Dow's XO-61500.45 LLDPE and 10 wt. % of DuPont's Alathon F7810 HDPE. The balance was made up of Dow's Resin 682 LDPE.
- C Control formulation
- Punctures are defined as rounded holes caused by cans and/or box corners. Cans typically cause a puncture during loading, unloading, and/or bag placement in the auto; punctures from box corners are typically induced during the carrying phase. Tears/splits are defined as elongated holes and are most often induced by box corners during the loading operation.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Bag Frames (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
According to the present invention, it has been found that blended polyolefin resins containing linear low density polyethylene copolymers (LLDPE) are advantageous in the manufacturing of thermoplastic films and bags. The blended polyolefin resins are particularly well suited for making seamless-wall handled strap bags from thin tubular film consisting essentially of a homogeneous blend of HDPE, LLDPE, and ordinary branched LDPE. Superior physical properties of blown film from this blend permits the fabrication of economical carrying bags from thinner film, resulting in substantial material savings.
Description
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to thermoplastic carrying bags, commonly used as grocery sacks, shopping bags, etc. In particular, it relates to an improved "undershirt" type bag made of blown tubular film comprising blended polyolefin resins for improved strength and tear resistance.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Significant advances in thermoplastic film technology have made possible low cost blown tubular film, made with various olefinic polymers, out of which packaging materials were made. Thermoplastic bags, and in particular polyethylene bags, have in recent years gained prominence in the packaging of a wide variety of goods such as grocery items, dry goods and the like. Conventional low density polyethylenes (LDPE), made by high pressure radical polymerization methods, have been commercially available for many years and have been employed in blown films and shopping bags. These LDPE resins have a high molecular weight and are highly branched. One of the most common drawbacks of the employment of such LDPE grocery bags is their tendency to rupture under load stresses and, also, their fairly low puncture resistance. One solution is to increase the film gauge, but that would lead to an increase in product costs.
Development of low pressure polymerization processes, using stereo-specific catalysts, has permitted the manufacture of linear olefin homopolymers and interpolymers. High density polyethylene (HDPE) has been economically blended with LDPE to obtain advantageous film materials having a good balance of physical properties. The HDPE copolymers have a density greater than 0.94 and are commercially available as ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymers such as ethylene-octene or ethylene-hexene.
In accordance with the present invention, it has been found that blended polyolefin resins containing linear low density polyethylene copolymers (LLDPE) are advantageous in the manufacture of thermoplastic films and bags. The blended polyolefin resins are particularly well suited for making seamless-wall handled strap bags from thin tubular film consisting essentially of a homogeneous ternary blend of HDPE copolymer, LLDPE, and ordinary branched LDPE.
Superior physical properties of blown film from this blend permits the fabrication of economical carrying bags from thinner films, resulting in substantial material savings. These and other features and advantages of the invention will be seen in the following description of the preferred embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a front elevation view of one form of the bag structures of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the bag illustrated in FIG. 1 in a partially open position; and
FIG. 3 is a front elevation view of another form of bags made according to the present invention.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,867,083 (Herrington) describes the method and apparatus for preparing a continuous, seamless blown thermoplastic film tubing by extruding a melt of the thermoplastic through an annular orifice into an instantaneous cylindrical shape, inflating the film tube thus formed and cooling such inflated tubing. A typical undershirt bag structure is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,165,832 to Kuklies et al. The disclosure relates to thermoplastic bag structures which are characterized by having a pair of carrying handles which are formed integrally with the bag walls, and extended upwardly from the open mouth portion of the bag. U.S. Pat. No. 4,062,170 to Orem, discloses an apparatus for dispensing such plastic handle bearing bags from a stack of bags and holding the dispensed bag in an open position for loading. These three patents show the production and use of the present invention and are herein incorporated by reference.
Numerous techniques have been described in the prior art for the formation of thermoplastic polyolefin bags. In order to obtain the improvements in physical properties such as improved strength and tear resistance which are essential to a shopping bag, most of the prior art teaches the formation of multilayer laminar thermoplastic film. In bag construction, certain particularly desirable physical characteristics should be exhibited. The bag should have a relatively high tensile modulus and resistance to impact forces. It should also exhibit good elongation under stress with a high degree of tear resistance. These improved physical characteristics are achieved in this invention in a bag made of a single layer film.
In this description parts by weight and metric units are employed unless otherwise stated. The term "density" is used in ordinary metric fashion, equated to specific gravity or grams per cubic centimeter (g/cc).
The "undershirt" bag is made from an improved thermoplastic polyolefin film consisting essentially of a ternary blend of about 5 to 20 wt. % HDPE, 20 to 70 wt. % LDPE, and 20 to 70 wt. % LLDPE. The HDPE is a high density copolymer of ethylene and at least one alpha-olefin. The alpha-olefin can have a carbon number range between and including 4 to 12 carbon atoms. The preferred HDPE resin is a copolymer where said alpha-olefin has from 6 to 8 carbon atoms, such as hexene-1 or octene-1. The HDPE copolymer has a density greater than 0.940 and preferably has a melt index value of 0.2 to 2. The preferred concentration of HDPE is 8 to 15 wt.% and the most preferred concentraton is 10 wt. %. A suitable high density polyethylene copolymer is made by DuPont Co. under the name "Alathon F7810," which is a high density fractional melt index ethylene-3% octene copolymer resin employed in the blown extrusion method. The HDPE fraction adds stiffness and strength to the bag.
The low density polyethylene (LDPE) is made by the conventional high pressure method and thus is highly branched. Advantageously, the LDPE has a density not greater than 0.930 and a fractional melt index range of 0.5 to 0.9 with a preferred melt index of 0.7. The preferred LDPE concentration is 20 to 40 wt. % or 50 to 70 wt. %. The LDPE lends its excellent processing properties which are necessary for heat sealing. It also possesses excellent toughness, impact strength and tear strength. A suitable LDPE is made by Dow Chemicals under the name "Resin 682." Low density polyethylene "Resin 682" has a melt index of 0.7 and a density of 0.921.
The linear low density polyethylene resins (LLDPE) are produced by the newly developed low pressure method thus having less branching and more controlled molecular structure than the conventional high pressure LDPE resins. The LLDPE is a copolymer of polyethylene and at least one alpha-olefin where said alpha-olefins have 4 to 12 carbon atoms. The preferred alpha-olefins are those with 4 to 8 carbon atoms such as butene-1, hexene-1 4-methyl pentene, octene-1 and mixtures thereof. The LLDPE resins employed herein have a density not greater than 0.940, and preferably have a melt index range of 0.2 to 2. The preferred concentration of LLDPE in the bag blend is 20 to 40 wt. % and 50 to 70 wt. %. Films made with LLDPE resins have significantly higher impact, tear, and tensile strength. Because of the improved physical properties, the film fabricator can either fabricate film having superior properties to conventional LDPE/HDPE blends, or can reduce film thickness to achieve comparable or even still superior film properties thus attaining significant savings in resin cost.
Suitable LLDPE resins are Dow Chemical's "Dowlex 2045," which has a density of 0.920 and a melt index value of 1.0, and XO-61500 series of experimental resins. For example, Dow's XO-61500.38 LLDPE resin has a density of 0.935 and a melt index value of 1.0. These resins add to the tear strength, stiffness, and toughness of the bag.
The three above components are formulated in such a manner as to give an overall blend density range of about 0.92 to 0.935, optimally about 0.924. The film produced from this blend is preferably between 20 and 40 microns in thickness.
Two blend formulations were tested against a control formulation containing no LLDPE. Formulation A contained 20 wt. % of "Dowlex 2045" LLDPE and 10 wt. % of DuPont's Alathon F7810 HDPE. The balance, or 70 wt. %, was made up of Dow's Resin 682 LDPE (branched). Formulation B contained 40 wt. % of Dow's XO-61500.45 LLDPE and 10 wt. % of DuPont's Alathon F7810 HDPE. The balance was made up of Dow's Resin 682 LDPE. These two formulations were tested against a control formulation (C) containing 10 wt. % HDPE and 90 wt. % LDPE, with the LLDPE component being absent. Several bags with different nominal gauge films were made of each formulation according to Table 1.
TABLE 1
______________________________________
Nominal Gauge
Sample Number
(mils) Composition
______________________________________
0 1.50 Control
1 1.25 10% HDPE
2 1.125 (C)
3 1.0
4 1.25 20% LLDPE
5 1.125 10% HDPE
6 1.0 (B)
7 1.25 40% LLDPE
8 1.125 10% HDPE
9 1.0 (B)
______________________________________
500 Bags of each of the different grocery sacks were subjected to standardized simulation testing. This entailed the packaging of groceries into sacks making use of the dispenser system, and the transporting of those loaded grocery sacks by auto and by foot. An analysis of each bag was conducted as part of the work.
Historical data indicates that 75% of all customers transport groceries by automobile with the remaining 25% making their shopping trips on foot. Thus, the simulation assured this 75:25 ratio. Auto trips included carting a six (6) bag order to the car, driving a total of five miles and then noting any pertinent data about the bags. Walking trips included carrying a two (2) bag order for 150 yards and again noting pertinent bag data, studies of loaded bag weights indicate the average bag weighs 13-15 pounds; the simulation incorporated this data. Boxes were replaced frequently to maintain "sharp" corners representative of a normal environment during the bag usage.
Punctures are defined as rounded holes caused by cans and/or box corners. Cans typically cause a puncture during loading, unloading, and/or bag placement in the auto; punctures from box corners are typically induced during the carrying phase. Tears/splits are defined as elongated holes and are most often induced by box corners during the loading operation.
Results of the simulation tests are summarized in Tables 2 and 3. The results clearly show the ability to reduce film gauge when linear low density polyethylene is used. With the addition of this component (LLDPE) one can make stronger thinner bags. Table 4 summarizes the properties of the bag films. It is clear that the bags with LLDPE show better characteristics than the ones without.
TABLE 2
______________________________________
15 Pound Load
Sample Number
0 1 3 4 6 7 9
______________________________________
Number of Trips
walk 55 62 66 57 60 63 60
drive 62 61 54 61 66 62 61
TOTAL 117 123 120 118 126 125 121
Number of Bags
walk 110 124 132 114 120 126 120
drive 372 366 324 366 396 372 366
TOTAL 482 490 456 480 516 498 486
% of Incidence
Tears/splits
16 13 23 9 13 8 5
Punctures 46 42 26 17 29 25 37
______________________________________
TABLE 3
______________________________________
23 Pound Load
Sample Number
0 1 3 4 6 7 9
______________________________________
Number of Trips
walk 3 4 4 4 4 4 4
drive 2 3 3 4 4 4 4
TOTAL 5 7 7 8 8 8 8
Total
Number of Bags
walk 6 8 8 8 8 8 8
drive 12 18 18 24 24 24 24
TOTAL 18 26 26 32 32 32 32
% of Incidence
Tears/splits
44 23 31 9 13 6 9
Punctures 56 81 115 41 56 19 59
Bottom Seal Failure
-- -- 4 2 -- -- --
Handle Failure
-- -- 3 -- -- -- --
______________________________________
TABLE 4
__________________________________________________________________________
Sample Number 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
__________________________________________________________________________
Caliber (mils) -
1.46
1.19
1.08
1.00
1.26
1.12
1.03
1.26
1.17
.94
yield (psi) -
MD 1210
1238
1130
1079
1271
1203
1216
1117
1304
1230
TD 1506
1579
1585
1582
1692
1602
1714
1500
1508
1694
(p/x) MD 1.84
1.56
1.32
1.09
1.50
1.36
1.24
1.43
1.46
1.25
TD 2.38
1.99
1.68
1.65
2.03
1.81
1.80
1.89
1.81
1.66
Ultimate (psi)
MD 4118
4460
4638
4673
4780
5189
4833
5016
5295
4733
TD 2228
2119
2226
2163
2517
2487
2238
2603
2254
2602
(p/x) MD 6.26
5.63
5.38
4.72
5.64
5.50
4.93
6.42
5.93
4.78
TD 3.52
2.67
2.36
2.12
3.02
2.81
2.35
3.28
2.57
2.55
Elongation (%)
MD 292
218
183
126
316
284
254
416
412
320
TD 600
527
500
502
634
590
560
674
592
616
Modulus (psi)
MD 2.61
2.84
2.80
2.78
3.19
3.20
3.38
2.86
2.85
3.42
X10.sup.4 TD 3.12
3.81
3.90
3.03
3.53
4.61
4.47
4.21
3.04
4.74
ELMENDORF (gm/Mil)
MD 103
148
131
130
5 26 6 8 5 0
TD 190
232
205
190
412
416
428
589
588
682
GMS MD 157
182
144
144
6 29 6 10 6 0
TD 298
285
230
198
515
445
454
778
682
675
__________________________________________________________________________
Melt extruded blown films were made under conditions similar to the above examples. The blend compositions were formulated according to Table 5. For each formulation the line speed was adjusted to yield a film thickness of about 32 (1.3 mil) and 35 (1.6 mil) respectively, with cooled air ring imposed shape blowing. The control formulation did not contain any LLDPE, but had the same amount of HDPE. The film properties are tabulated below in Tables 5 through 8.
TABLE 5
______________________________________
Example No. Composition Wt. %
______________________________________
10 Dow 123 LDPE 51.5
11 DuPont 7810 HDPE 20
Dowlex 2038 LLDPE 20
Masterbatch 7
Antiblock (CaCO.sub.3)
0.5
Slip 1
12 Mobil Liner LKA-753 LDPE
53
13 DuPont 7810 HDPE 20
Dowlex 2042 11DPE 20
Masterbatch 7
14 Northern 941 LDPE 73
15 DuPont 7810 HDPE 20
Masterbatch 7
______________________________________
*Masterbatch: contains 50 wt. % pigment and 50 wt. % LDPE
TABLE 6
______________________________________
TOTAL ENERGY DART DROP RESULTS
Average
Example Caliper Average Total Energy
No. (Mils) in-lb in-lb/mil
______________________________________
10 1.457 13.97 9.60
11 1.780 16.79 9.42
12 1.454 9.51 6.66
13 1.721 12.72 7.39
14 1.477 19.35 12.90
15 1.740 23.37 13.46
______________________________________
TABLE 7
______________________________________
HANDLE SEAL STRENGTH
E/S E/S
Example
E/S LOAD TOUGHNESS ELONGATION
No At break/lb
ft-lb/in.sup.3
%
______________________________________
10 13.81 1618 525
11 15.42 1597 572
12 8.82 794 322
13 12.60 1482 553
14 10.96 878 317
15 11.80 965 358
______________________________________
TABLE 8
__________________________________________________________________________
FILM PROPERTIES
Elastic Tensile
Tensile
Tensile Elmendorf
Modules Stiffness
Yield Ultimate
Toughness
Elongation
Tear Film
Sample
Caliper
PSI lb/in PSI PSI ft-lb/in.sup.3
% gm/mil Density
No. Mills
MD TD MD TD MD TD MD TD MD TD MD TD MD TD gm/cc
__________________________________________________________________________
10 1.469
59256
85838
80.5
121.4
1808
2039
5203
3341
1508
1600
499
828
17 673
.9534
11 1.674
60744
83135
101.1
145.8
1818
2055
4816
3308
1473
1655
528
854
235 660
.9548
12 1.346
53735
71311
70.2
47.4
1763
2014
4208
2841
1248
1426
456
786
29 594
.9465
13 1.644
55405
68925
90.1
111.7
1756
1980
3712
2804
1077
1468
428
821
452 578
.9603
14 1.421
45325
65045
63.4
90.4
1512
1733
4109
3107
940
1345
339
787
12 373
.9492
15 1.656
44768
64448
74.0
107.0
1526
1678
4086
3038
1099
1301
412
777
15 345
.9469
__________________________________________________________________________
Although the present invention has been described with preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that modifications and variations may be resorted to, without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention, as those skilled in the art will readily understand. Such modifications and variations are considered to be within the purview and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A thermoplastic polyolefin film having heat sealing properties and comprising a blend of
(a) 5 to 20 weight % high density copolymer of ethylene with about 1 to 10 weight % alpha-olefin having 6 to 8 carbon atoms (HDPE), and having a melt index of 0.2 to 2;
(b) 20 to 70 weight % linear low density copolymer of ethylene with 1 to 10 weight % alpha-olefin having 4 to 12 carbon atoms (LLDPE), and having a melt index of 0.2 to 2; and
(c) 20 to 70 weight % highly branched low density ethylene homopolymer (LDPE) having a fractional melt index of 0.5 to 0.9.
2. The thermo-plastic polyolefin film of claim 1 in which the HDPE comprises 10 to 15 weight percent.
3. The polyolefin film of claim 1 wherein the alpha-olefin in said LLDPE has 4 to 8 carbon atoms.
4. The film of claim 1 having a substantially uniform thickness of 20 to 40 microns, and an average polymer blend density of about 0.92 to 0.935 grs/cc.
5. A thermoplastic polyolefin bag wherein a uniform tubular film of claim 1 is pleated and heat sealed to form a transverse bottom portion and sealed at opposing portions adjacent to a central cutout to form a pair of integral handles.
6. An undershirt-type handle strap carrying bag formed of a thin polyolefin film consisting of a ternary blend of 100% hydrocarbon resins, said resin blend containing:
(a) 10 to 15 weight % high density copolymer of ethylene with about 1 to 10 weight % alpha-olefin having 6 to 8 carbon atoms, and having a melt index of 0.2 to 2;
(b) 20 to 70 weight % linear low density copolymer of ethylene with 1 to 10 weight % alpha-olefin having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, and having a melt index of 0.2 to 2; and
(c) 20 to 70 weight % highly branched low density ethylene homopolymer having a fractional melt index of 0.5 to 0.9.
7. The bag of claim 6 wherein said hydrocarbon resin blend contains about 20 to 40 weight % linear low density copolymer having a specific gravity 0.915 to 0.94 and about 10 weight % high density ethylene/octene copolymer having a specific gravity greater than 0.94.
8. An undershirt-type handle strap carrying bag formed of a thin polyolefin film consisting of a ternary blend of hydrocarbon resins, said resin blend containing about:
(a) 20 weight % high density copolymer of ethylene with with about 1 to 12 weight % alpha-olefin having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, and having a melt index of 0.2 to 2;
(b) 20 weight % linear low density copolymer of ethylene with 1 to 10 weight % alpha-olefin having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, and having a melt index of 0.2 to 2; and
(c) 60 weight % highly branched low density polyethylene homopolymer or copolymer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/208,092 US4346834A (en) | 1980-11-18 | 1980-11-18 | Thermoplastic carrying bag with polyolefin resin blend |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/208,092 US4346834A (en) | 1980-11-18 | 1980-11-18 | Thermoplastic carrying bag with polyolefin resin blend |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US4346834A true US4346834A (en) | 1982-08-31 |
Family
ID=22773149
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/208,092 Expired - Lifetime US4346834A (en) | 1980-11-18 | 1980-11-18 | Thermoplastic carrying bag with polyolefin resin blend |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4346834A (en) |
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| JPS5971349A (en) * | 1982-10-19 | 1984-04-23 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Ethylenic resin composition |
| US4461792A (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1984-07-24 | Union Carbide Corporation | Poly-1-butene multilayers plastic film |
| US4464157A (en) * | 1981-10-05 | 1984-08-07 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Method of preparing a thermoplastic bag having reinforced handles |
| US4464426A (en) * | 1981-11-03 | 1984-08-07 | Union Carbide Corporation | Multilayer film having a layer of low pressure, low density heterogeneous ethylene copolymers |
| US4511609A (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1985-04-16 | Union Carbide Corporation | Multilayer trash bag film |
| US4513038A (en) * | 1981-11-03 | 1985-04-23 | Union Carbide Corporation | Multilayer film having a layer of low pressure, low density heterogeneous ethylene copolymers |
| US4514465A (en) * | 1984-05-30 | 1985-04-30 | W. R. Grace & Co., Cryovac Div. | Storm window film comprising at least five layers |
| US4521437A (en) * | 1982-06-02 | 1985-06-04 | Du Pont Canada Inc. | Pouches of ethylene/octene-1 copolymer film containing a flowable material |
| US4551380A (en) * | 1984-05-10 | 1985-11-05 | W. R. Grace & Co., Cryovac Div. | Oriented heat-sealable multilayer packaging film |
| US4560598A (en) * | 1982-05-20 | 1985-12-24 | Stiksack Sts S.A. | Plastics film and bags and sacks therefrom |
| US4574104A (en) * | 1983-11-14 | 1986-03-04 | Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd. | Multi-layer film |
| US4597749A (en) * | 1984-01-16 | 1986-07-01 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Thermoplastic bag having reinforced handles and method of manufacture |
| US4617241A (en) * | 1984-01-23 | 1986-10-14 | W. R. Grace & Co., Cryovac Div. | Linear polyethylene stretch/shrink films |
| US4728325A (en) * | 1986-04-03 | 1988-03-01 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Diaper backsheet |
| US4770912A (en) * | 1987-07-23 | 1988-09-13 | Union Camp Corporation | Polyethylene resin blend |
| US4911872A (en) * | 1985-07-11 | 1990-03-27 | Hureau Jean C M | Process of making a perforated film |
| US5026610A (en) * | 1987-10-20 | 1991-06-25 | Courtaulds Films & Packaging (Holdings) Ltd. | Polymeric films |
| US5056931A (en) * | 1989-07-14 | 1991-10-15 | First Brands Corporation | Thermoplastic handled bags and their method of manufacture |
| US5078667A (en) * | 1989-07-14 | 1992-01-07 | First Brands Corporation | Thermoplastic handled bags and their method of manufacture |
| US5089322A (en) * | 1988-09-01 | 1992-02-18 | Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd. | Polyethylene resin composition and film thereof |
| USD332740S (en) | 1991-07-22 | 1993-01-26 | Robbins Gerald D | Shopping bag |
| US5288531A (en) * | 1991-08-09 | 1994-02-22 | The Dow Chemical Company | Pouch for packaging flowable materials |
| US5395471A (en) * | 1991-10-15 | 1995-03-07 | The Dow Chemical Company | High drawdown extrusion process with greater resistance to draw resonance |
| US5508051A (en) * | 1993-06-24 | 1996-04-16 | The Dow Chemical Company | Process of preparing a pouch for packaging flowable materials |
| US5582923A (en) * | 1991-10-15 | 1996-12-10 | The Dow Chemical Company | Extrusion compositions having high drawdown and substantially reduced neck-in |
| US5674342A (en) * | 1991-10-15 | 1997-10-07 | The Dow Chemical Company | High drawdown extrusion composition and process |
| US5681523A (en) * | 1994-05-09 | 1997-10-28 | The Dow Chemical Company | Medium modulus polyethylene film and fabrication method |
| US5747594A (en) * | 1994-10-21 | 1998-05-05 | The Dow Chemical Company | Polyolefin compositions exhibiting heat resistivity, low hexane-extractives and controlled modulus |
| US5847053A (en) * | 1991-10-15 | 1998-12-08 | The Dow Chemical Company | Ethylene polymer film made from ethylene polymer blends |
| US5935367A (en) * | 1996-12-11 | 1999-08-10 | Tenneco Packaging Inc. | Apparatus and method for forming handles in plastic bags |
| US5967663A (en) * | 1996-03-26 | 1999-10-19 | Tenneco Packaging Inc. | Thermoplastic bag structure |
| US5986028A (en) * | 1991-10-15 | 1999-11-16 | The Dow Chemical Company | Elastic substantially linear ethlene polymers |
| US6025448A (en) * | 1989-08-31 | 2000-02-15 | The Dow Chemical Company | Gas phase polymerization of olefins |
| US6059707A (en) | 1998-03-27 | 2000-05-09 | Tenneco Packaging Inc. | Easy to open handle bag and method of making the same |
| US6068933A (en) * | 1996-02-15 | 2000-05-30 | American National Can Company | Thermoformable multilayer polymeric film |
| US6149007A (en) * | 1999-10-27 | 2000-11-21 | Inteplast Group, Ltd. | Central handled co-extruded stiff polyethylene bag stack and method of making same |
| US6506867B1 (en) | 1991-10-15 | 2003-01-14 | The Dow Chemical Company | Elastic substantially linear ethylene polymers |
| US6538080B1 (en) | 1990-07-03 | 2003-03-25 | Bp Chemicals Limited | Gas phase polymerization of olefins |
| US20030064181A1 (en) * | 2001-09-07 | 2003-04-03 | Brian Ingraham | Peelable film and packaging made therefrom |
| US6548611B2 (en) | 1991-10-15 | 2003-04-15 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Elastic substantially linear olefin polymers |
| US20030187083A1 (en) * | 2002-03-29 | 2003-10-02 | Harris Michael G. | High density polyethylene melt blends for improved stress crack resistance in pipe |
| US20040127119A1 (en) * | 2001-06-11 | 2004-07-01 | Brighton Thomas B. | Mesh reinforced breathable film |
| US20050075619A1 (en) * | 2000-03-22 | 2005-04-07 | Sims Sandra M. | Container for linezolid intravenous solution |
| US20070142558A1 (en) * | 2005-12-20 | 2007-06-21 | Harilaos Mavridis | High tear strength film |
| US20080114131A1 (en) * | 2001-12-17 | 2008-05-15 | Media Plus, Inc. | Polyethylene melt blends for high density polyethylene applications |
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| US20100055432A1 (en) * | 2008-09-03 | 2010-03-04 | Etherton Bradley P | Polyethylene thick film and process for preparing polyethylene |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4464157A (en) * | 1981-10-05 | 1984-08-07 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Method of preparing a thermoplastic bag having reinforced handles |
| US4464426A (en) * | 1981-11-03 | 1984-08-07 | Union Carbide Corporation | Multilayer film having a layer of low pressure, low density heterogeneous ethylene copolymers |
| US4513038A (en) * | 1981-11-03 | 1985-04-23 | Union Carbide Corporation | Multilayer film having a layer of low pressure, low density heterogeneous ethylene copolymers |
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| US4521437A (en) * | 1982-06-02 | 1985-06-04 | Du Pont Canada Inc. | Pouches of ethylene/octene-1 copolymer film containing a flowable material |
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| US4511609A (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1985-04-16 | Union Carbide Corporation | Multilayer trash bag film |
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| US4617241A (en) * | 1984-01-23 | 1986-10-14 | W. R. Grace & Co., Cryovac Div. | Linear polyethylene stretch/shrink films |
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| US4514465A (en) * | 1984-05-30 | 1985-04-30 | W. R. Grace & Co., Cryovac Div. | Storm window film comprising at least five layers |
| US4911872A (en) * | 1985-07-11 | 1990-03-27 | Hureau Jean C M | Process of making a perforated film |
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| US4770912A (en) * | 1987-07-23 | 1988-09-13 | Union Camp Corporation | Polyethylene resin blend |
| US5026610A (en) * | 1987-10-20 | 1991-06-25 | Courtaulds Films & Packaging (Holdings) Ltd. | Polymeric films |
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| US5364486A (en) * | 1991-08-09 | 1994-11-15 | The Dow Chemical Company | Pouch for packaging flowable materials |
| US6136937A (en) * | 1991-10-15 | 2000-10-24 | The Dow Chemical Company | Elastic substantially linear ethylene polymers |
| US5674342A (en) * | 1991-10-15 | 1997-10-07 | The Dow Chemical Company | High drawdown extrusion composition and process |
| US6849704B2 (en) | 1991-10-15 | 2005-02-01 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Elastic substantially linear olefin polymers |
| US6780954B2 (en) | 1991-10-15 | 2004-08-24 | Dow Global Technologies, Inc. | Elastic substantially linear ethylene polymers |
| US6737484B2 (en) | 1991-10-15 | 2004-05-18 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Elastic substantially linear olefin polymers |
| US20040082741A1 (en) * | 1991-10-15 | 2004-04-29 | Shih-Yaw Lai | Elastic Substantially linear olefin polymers |
| US5847053A (en) * | 1991-10-15 | 1998-12-08 | The Dow Chemical Company | Ethylene polymer film made from ethylene polymer blends |
| US6548611B2 (en) | 1991-10-15 | 2003-04-15 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Elastic substantially linear olefin polymers |
| US5395471A (en) * | 1991-10-15 | 1995-03-07 | The Dow Chemical Company | High drawdown extrusion process with greater resistance to draw resonance |
| US5986028A (en) * | 1991-10-15 | 1999-11-16 | The Dow Chemical Company | Elastic substantially linear ethlene polymers |
| US5582923A (en) * | 1991-10-15 | 1996-12-10 | The Dow Chemical Company | Extrusion compositions having high drawdown and substantially reduced neck-in |
| US6534612B1 (en) | 1991-10-15 | 2003-03-18 | The Dow Chemical Company | Elastic substantially linear ethylene polymers |
| US6506867B1 (en) | 1991-10-15 | 2003-01-14 | The Dow Chemical Company | Elastic substantially linear ethylene polymers |
| US6111023A (en) * | 1991-10-15 | 2000-08-29 | The Dow Chemical Company | Fabricated articles made from ethylene polymer blends |
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| US5681523A (en) * | 1994-05-09 | 1997-10-28 | The Dow Chemical Company | Medium modulus polyethylene film and fabrication method |
| US5792534A (en) * | 1994-10-21 | 1998-08-11 | The Dow Chemical Company | Polyolefin film exhibiting heat resistivity, low hexane extractives and controlled modulus |
| US5773106A (en) * | 1994-10-21 | 1998-06-30 | The Dow Chemical Company | Polyolefin compositions exhibiting heat resistivity, low hexane-extractives and controlled modulus |
| US5747594A (en) * | 1994-10-21 | 1998-05-05 | The Dow Chemical Company | Polyolefin compositions exhibiting heat resistivity, low hexane-extractives and controlled modulus |
| US6068933A (en) * | 1996-02-15 | 2000-05-30 | American National Can Company | Thermoformable multilayer polymeric film |
| US5967663A (en) * | 1996-03-26 | 1999-10-19 | Tenneco Packaging Inc. | Thermoplastic bag structure |
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| US20050075619A1 (en) * | 2000-03-22 | 2005-04-07 | Sims Sandra M. | Container for linezolid intravenous solution |
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| US20030064181A1 (en) * | 2001-09-07 | 2003-04-03 | Brian Ingraham | Peelable film and packaging made therefrom |
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| US6822051B2 (en) | 2002-03-29 | 2004-11-23 | Media Plus, Inc. | High density polyethylene melt blends for improved stress crack resistance in pipe |
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| US20070142558A1 (en) * | 2005-12-20 | 2007-06-21 | Harilaos Mavridis | High tear strength film |
| US7608327B2 (en) | 2005-12-20 | 2009-10-27 | Equistar Chemicals, Lp | High tear strength film |
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| WO2010002829A1 (en) * | 2008-07-03 | 2010-01-07 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fabric conditioner sheet comprising a three-dimensional textured substrate comprising a thermoplastic film |
| US20100055432A1 (en) * | 2008-09-03 | 2010-03-04 | Etherton Bradley P | Polyethylene thick film and process for preparing polyethylene |
| US7816478B2 (en) | 2008-09-03 | 2010-10-19 | Equistar Chemicals, Lp | Polyethylene thick film and process for preparing polyethylene |
| US20110150368A1 (en) * | 2009-12-21 | 2011-06-23 | Justin Alan Ellsworth | Bag and Article of Manufacture |
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