US4342848A - Processing modifier for high-density polyethylene - Google Patents

Processing modifier for high-density polyethylene Download PDF

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Publication number
US4342848A
US4342848A US06/284,419 US28441981A US4342848A US 4342848 A US4342848 A US 4342848A US 28441981 A US28441981 A US 28441981A US 4342848 A US4342848 A US 4342848A
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United States
Prior art keywords
density polyethylene
break
processing modifier
polyvinyloctadecyl
weight
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Expired - Lifetime
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US06/284,419
Inventor
Robert R. Blanchard
Tommy R. Bourne
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Dow Chemical Co
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Dow Chemical Co
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Priority to US06/284,419 priority Critical patent/US4342848A/en
Assigned to DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY, reassignment DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY, ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: BLANCHARD, ROBERT R., BOURNE, TOMMY R.
Priority to US06/401,052 priority patent/US4415707A/en
Priority to EP82106952A priority patent/EP0099942A1/en
Priority to AU86673/82A priority patent/AU8667382A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Priority to JP57134802A priority patent/JPS5938246A/en
Publication of US4342848A publication Critical patent/US4342848A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/022—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
    • C08L23/06—Polyethene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L71/00—Compositions of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/04—Particle-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • B29C48/10—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels flexible, e.g. blown foils
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
    • B29K2023/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
    • B29K2023/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
    • B29K2023/0608—PE, i.e. polyethylene characterised by its density
    • B29K2023/0641—MDPE, i.e. medium density polyethylene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0037—Other properties
    • B29K2995/0063—Density
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2207/00—Properties characterising the ingredient of the composition
    • C08L2207/06—Properties of polyethylene
    • C08L2207/062—HDPE

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a processing modifier for high-density polyethylene. More particularly, this invention relates to the use of a polyvinyloctadecyl ether as an additive in the extrusion of high-density polyethylene resins.
  • the surface of most extruded polyethylene resins is undesirably rough and non-uniform.
  • extruded resins may exhibit a reduction in physical properties such as tensile strength at break, percentage elongation at break, tearing resistance, and impact resistance.
  • Addition of process modifiers to extruded resin compositions is therefore beneficial in regard to physical strength properties and surface appearance.
  • such additives may result in the reducing of other properties of the extrudates such as gloss, heat-sealability, blocking, transparency and moisture resistance. Therefore, it is advisable to avoid an excess of such additives.
  • the present invention provides a process for extruding high-density polyethylene resins, comprising the steps of (a) heating above its melting point a mixture of about one hundred parts by weight of high-density polyethylene, and between about 0.03 and about 0.5 parts by weight of a polyvinyloctadecyl ether; and (b) extruding the melt formed in step (a), thereby forming an extrudate.
  • Yield Strength--expressed in pounds per square inch, as defined in ASTM Standard No. D 882, is the ratio of the yield load to the original minimum cross-sectional area of the specimen.
  • Tensile Strength at Break--expressed in pounds per square inch is the ratio of the load at break to the original cross-sectional area of the specimen.
  • Percentage Elongation at Break--expressed in percent is the ratio of the elongation at the moment of rupture of the specimen to the initial gage length of the specimen times one-hundred.
  • polyethylene resin in the preferred method of practicing this invention, about one hundred parts by weight of high-density polyethylene resin is blended with between about 0.1 and about 0.3 parts by weight of a polyvinyloctadecyl ether.
  • the mixture of polyethylene and polyether is heated to a temperature between about 140° C. and about 350° C. in an extruder, thereby forming a melt adapted for extrusion.
  • the melt is then extended into a fused extrudate of any desired form or shape.
  • the mixture is heated to a temperature between about 200° C. and about 300° C. in the extruder.
  • the polyvinyloctadecyl ether used in the present invention as a process modifier is characterized as having a number-average molecular weight of between about 1,000 and about 10,000, and more preferably between about 3,000 and about 5,000.
  • a polyvinyloctadecyl ether suitable for practicing this invention is manufactured and sold by the American Hoechst Corporation, Mountainside, New Jersey, under the tradename "Wax V.”
  • a sample of high-density polyethylene resin was multiply-extruded into pellets on a three-quarter-inch 24:1 screw ratio thermoplastic extruder with a temperature profile for Zones 1 through 4 of 170°, 185°, 190°, and 190° C. respectively, at fifty revolutions per minute (RPM).
  • the pellets obtained thereby were then blown into film on a one-inch laboratory extruder with a one-inch annular die and a die gap of 0.025 inches, at a screw speed of sixty RPM, and a temperature profile for Zones 1 and 2, and Gate and Die Zones 1 and 2 of 193°, 196°, 198°, and 198° C., respectively.
  • Conventional high-density polyethylene film and rheological tests were made to characterize the extruded film.
  • Example 1 no processing modifier was added to the polyethylene.
  • Example 2 0.2 weight percent zinc stearate, a known processing modifier, was added.
  • Example 3 and 4 0.2 weight percent of a polyvinyloctadecyl ether was added, said ether characterized as having a number-average molecular weight of about 4,000. The test results obtained are listed in Table I, below.
  • the surfaces of the films blown in Examples 3 and 4 were considerably smoother than the surface of the film blown in Example 1, and substantially smoother than the surface of the film blown in Example 2.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The use of polyvinyloctadecyl ethers as a processing modifier in the extrusion of high-density polyethylene resins leads to a smoother surface of the extruded resin. Other beneficial effects include improved values of such important resin characteristics as tensile strength at break, percentage elongation at break, tearing resistance, and impact resistance.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a processing modifier for high-density polyethylene. More particularly, this invention relates to the use of a polyvinyloctadecyl ether as an additive in the extrusion of high-density polyethylene resins.
In the absence of a processing modifier, the surface of most extruded polyethylene resins is undesirably rough and non-uniform. Moreover, such extruded resins may exhibit a reduction in physical properties such as tensile strength at break, percentage elongation at break, tearing resistance, and impact resistance. Addition of process modifiers to extruded resin compositions is therefore beneficial in regard to physical strength properties and surface appearance. However, such additives may result in the reducing of other properties of the extrudates such as gloss, heat-sealability, blocking, transparency and moisture resistance. Therefore, it is advisable to avoid an excess of such additives.
SUMMARY
In general, the present invention provides a process for extruding high-density polyethylene resins, comprising the steps of (a) heating above its melting point a mixture of about one hundred parts by weight of high-density polyethylene, and between about 0.03 and about 0.5 parts by weight of a polyvinyloctadecyl ether; and (b) extruding the melt formed in step (a), thereby forming an extrudate.
It is an object of this invention to provide a processing modifier for high-density polyethylene. It is a further object of this invention to provide an improved process for extruding high-density polyethylene resins. It is a further object of this invention to provide a process for extruding high-density polyethylene resins whereby the extrudates are characterized by a smooth and uniform surface. It is a still further object of the invention to provide a process for the extrusion of high-density polyethylene resins whereby the extrudates exhibit an improved tensile strength at break, percentage elongation at break, tearing resistance, and impact resistance. These and other objects of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the more detailed description which follows.
The following terms used herein are defined as follows:
Yield Strength--expressed in pounds per square inch, as defined in ASTM Standard No. D 882, is the ratio of the yield load to the original minimum cross-sectional area of the specimen.
Tensile Strength at Break--expressed in pounds per square inch, as defined in ASTM Standard No. D 882, is the ratio of the load at break to the original cross-sectional area of the specimen.
Percentage Elongation at Break--expressed in percent, as defined in ASTM Standard No. D 882, is the ratio of the elongation at the moment of rupture of the specimen to the initial gage length of the specimen times one-hundred.
Tearing Resistance--expressed in grams per millimeter, as defined in ASTM Standard No. D 1922, is calculated by the following formula: ##EQU1## The Elmendorf Tear-Resistance Meter is described in ASTM Standard No. D 1922.
Impact Resistance--expressed in pounds per square inch, defined as work done per volume acted on, is calculated by the following formula: ##EQU2##
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The following description illustrates the manner in which the principles of the present invention are applied, but is not to be construed as in any sense limiting the scope of the invention.
In the preferred method of practicing this invention, about one hundred parts by weight of high-density polyethylene resin is blended with between about 0.1 and about 0.3 parts by weight of a polyvinyloctadecyl ether. The mixture of polyethylene and polyether is heated to a temperature between about 140° C. and about 350° C. in an extruder, thereby forming a melt adapted for extrusion. The melt is then extended into a fused extrudate of any desired form or shape.
More preferably, the mixture is heated to a temperature between about 200° C. and about 300° C. in the extruder. The polyvinyloctadecyl ether used in the present invention as a process modifier is characterized as having a number-average molecular weight of between about 1,000 and about 10,000, and more preferably between about 3,000 and about 5,000. A polyvinyloctadecyl ether suitable for practicing this invention is manufactured and sold by the American Hoechst Corporation, Mountainside, New Jersey, under the tradename "Wax V."
The present invention will now be further illustrated by means of the following examples, which are not to be interpreted as in any sense limiting the scope of the invention.
EXAMPLES
A sample of high-density polyethylene resin was multiply-extruded into pellets on a three-quarter-inch 24:1 screw ratio thermoplastic extruder with a temperature profile for Zones 1 through 4 of 170°, 185°, 190°, and 190° C. respectively, at fifty revolutions per minute (RPM). The pellets obtained thereby were then blown into film on a one-inch laboratory extruder with a one-inch annular die and a die gap of 0.025 inches, at a screw speed of sixty RPM, and a temperature profile for Zones 1 and 2, and Gate and Die Zones 1 and 2 of 193°, 196°, 198°, and 198° C., respectively. Conventional high-density polyethylene film and rheological tests were made to characterize the extruded film.
In Example 1, no processing modifier was added to the polyethylene. In Example 2, 0.2 weight percent zinc stearate, a known processing modifier, was added. In Examples 3 and 4, 0.2 weight percent of a polyvinyloctadecyl ether was added, said ether characterized as having a number-average molecular weight of about 4,000. The test results obtained are listed in Table I, below.
              TABLE I                                                     
______________________________________                                    
                Tensile   Percentage                                      
Example                                                                   
       Yield    Strength  Elongation                                      
                                  Tearing                                 
                                         Impact                           
No.    Strength at Break  at Break                                        
                                  Resist.                                 
                                         Resist.                          
______________________________________                                    
1      3304     5248      570      46     774                             
2      2565     5411      656      67    1621                             
3      2956     6836      683     202    2147                             
4      3070     6818      688     183    2060                             
______________________________________
The data displayed in Table I above clearly show the results of adding a polyvinyloctadecyl ether to high-density polyethylene as a processing modifier during extrusion. With the exception of yield strength, the properties listed therein were significantly improved by the use of the polyether modifier according to the present invention. By way of comparison, the use of zinc stearate in Example 2 led to values of these properties which were intermediate between the resin extruded with no processing modifier added, in Example 1, and the resins extruded with the addition of 0.2 percent polyvinyloctadecyl ether, in Examples 3 and 4.
In addition, the surfaces of the films blown in Examples 3 and 4 were considerably smoother than the surface of the film blown in Example 1, and substantially smoother than the surface of the film blown in Example 2.
While certain representative embodiments and details have been shown for the purpose of illustrating the present invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (4)

What is claimed is:
1. A process for extruding high-density polyethylene resins, comprising the steps of:
(a) heating above its melting point a mixture comprising about one hundred parts by weight of high-density polyethylene, and between about 0.03 and about 0.5 parts by weight of a polyvinyloctadecyl ether; and
(b) extruding the melt formed in step (a), thereby forming an extrudate.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the mixture comprises about one hundred parts of the high-density polyethylene, and between about 0.1 and about 0.3 parts by weight of the polyvinyloctadecyl ether.
3. The process of claim 1, wherein the number-average molecular weight of the polyvinyloctadecyl ether is between about 1,000 and about 10,000.
4. The process of claim 2, wherein the number-average molecular weight of the polyvinyloctadecyl ether is between about 1,000 and about 10,000.
US06/284,419 1981-07-20 1981-07-20 Processing modifier for high-density polyethylene Expired - Lifetime US4342848A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/284,419 US4342848A (en) 1981-07-20 1981-07-20 Processing modifier for high-density polyethylene
US06/401,052 US4415707A (en) 1981-07-20 1982-07-22 Processing modifier for polyolefins
EP82106952A EP0099942A1 (en) 1981-07-20 1982-08-01 Processing modifier for polyolefins
AU86673/82A AU8667382A (en) 1981-07-20 1982-08-02 Processing modifier for polyolefins
JP57134802A JPS5938246A (en) 1981-07-20 1982-08-03 Modifier for polyolefin

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/284,419 US4342848A (en) 1981-07-20 1981-07-20 Processing modifier for high-density polyethylene
US06/401,052 US4415707A (en) 1981-07-20 1982-07-22 Processing modifier for polyolefins
AU86673/82A AU8667382A (en) 1981-07-20 1982-08-02 Processing modifier for polyolefins
JP57134802A JPS5938246A (en) 1981-07-20 1982-08-03 Modifier for polyolefin

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0099942A1 (en) * 1981-07-20 1984-02-08 The Dow Chemical Company Processing modifier for polyolefins
US4522776A (en) * 1983-06-28 1985-06-11 Union Carbide Corporation Process for substantially eliminating surface melt fracture when extruding ethylene polymers
US4552712A (en) * 1983-06-28 1985-11-12 Union Carbide Corporation Process for reducing surface melt fracture during extrusion of ethylene polymers
US4554120A (en) * 1983-06-28 1985-11-19 Union Carbide Corporation Process for eliminating surface melt fracture during extrusion of thermoplastic polymers
US4666950A (en) * 1986-05-21 1987-05-19 The Dow Chemical Company Oxidation stabilization of thermoplastic foams
US5049789A (en) * 1990-01-12 1991-09-17 Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research Electronic capacitive ballast for fluorescent and other discharge lamps

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4532189A (en) * 1982-02-19 1985-07-30 W. R. Grace & Co., Cryovac Div. Linear polyethylene shrink films
US4590124A (en) * 1984-05-10 1986-05-20 W. R. Grace & Co., Cryovac Div. Storm window film
US4514465A (en) * 1984-05-30 1985-04-30 W. R. Grace & Co., Cryovac Div. Storm window film comprising at least five layers

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3069369A (en) * 1957-11-14 1962-12-18 Monsanto Chemicals Color stabilized polyethylene compounds
US3231554A (en) * 1962-06-14 1966-01-25 Monsanto Co Vinyl ether polymerization process using an alkylaluminum dihalide
US3265649A (en) * 1961-01-09 1966-08-09 Faltings Volkert Process for refining polyolefins by an addition of metal salts of inorganic or organic acids
US3299181A (en) * 1960-05-03 1967-01-17 Eastman Kodak Co Thermally modified polyethylene and other polymers and process for preparing the same
US3488306A (en) * 1965-05-28 1970-01-06 Elbatainer Kunststoff Polyethylene copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate-fatty acid or fatty acid salt compositions
US3546146A (en) * 1965-07-12 1970-12-08 Troy Chemical Corp Films of improved uniformity and processes and compositions therefor
US3657114A (en) * 1970-09-25 1972-04-18 Dow Chemical Co Ethylene polymers of improved glass, transparency & heat-sealability containing a zinc salt of a fatty acid
US3803065A (en) * 1971-11-12 1974-04-09 Mitsubishi Petrochemical Co Resin composition
US3879331A (en) * 1974-06-19 1975-04-22 Du Pont Polybutadiene coating compositions

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA961998A (en) * 1969-10-27 1975-01-28 Russell G. Hancock Extrusion of polyolefins without gel streak formation
US4342848A (en) * 1981-07-20 1982-08-03 The Dow Chemical Company Processing modifier for high-density polyethylene

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3069369A (en) * 1957-11-14 1962-12-18 Monsanto Chemicals Color stabilized polyethylene compounds
US3299181A (en) * 1960-05-03 1967-01-17 Eastman Kodak Co Thermally modified polyethylene and other polymers and process for preparing the same
US3265649A (en) * 1961-01-09 1966-08-09 Faltings Volkert Process for refining polyolefins by an addition of metal salts of inorganic or organic acids
US3231554A (en) * 1962-06-14 1966-01-25 Monsanto Co Vinyl ether polymerization process using an alkylaluminum dihalide
US3488306A (en) * 1965-05-28 1970-01-06 Elbatainer Kunststoff Polyethylene copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate-fatty acid or fatty acid salt compositions
US3546146A (en) * 1965-07-12 1970-12-08 Troy Chemical Corp Films of improved uniformity and processes and compositions therefor
US3657114A (en) * 1970-09-25 1972-04-18 Dow Chemical Co Ethylene polymers of improved glass, transparency & heat-sealability containing a zinc salt of a fatty acid
US3803065A (en) * 1971-11-12 1974-04-09 Mitsubishi Petrochemical Co Resin composition
US3879331A (en) * 1974-06-19 1975-04-22 Du Pont Polybutadiene coating compositions

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0099942A1 (en) * 1981-07-20 1984-02-08 The Dow Chemical Company Processing modifier for polyolefins
US4522776A (en) * 1983-06-28 1985-06-11 Union Carbide Corporation Process for substantially eliminating surface melt fracture when extruding ethylene polymers
US4552712A (en) * 1983-06-28 1985-11-12 Union Carbide Corporation Process for reducing surface melt fracture during extrusion of ethylene polymers
US4554120A (en) * 1983-06-28 1985-11-19 Union Carbide Corporation Process for eliminating surface melt fracture during extrusion of thermoplastic polymers
US4666950A (en) * 1986-05-21 1987-05-19 The Dow Chemical Company Oxidation stabilization of thermoplastic foams
EP0246815A2 (en) * 1986-05-21 1987-11-25 The Dow Chemical Company Oxidation stabilization of polyolefin thermoplastic foams
EP0246815A3 (en) * 1986-05-21 1988-10-26 The Dow Chemical Company Oxidation stabilization of polyolefin thermoplastic foams
US5049789A (en) * 1990-01-12 1991-09-17 Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research Electronic capacitive ballast for fluorescent and other discharge lamps

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU8667382A (en) 1984-02-09
JPS5938246A (en) 1984-03-02
US4415707A (en) 1983-11-15
EP0099942A1 (en) 1984-02-08

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