US417479A - Hydrocarbon-oil burner - Google Patents

Description

'i UNITED- STATES PATENT OFFICE.

orro'EwERT AND JOHN A, MEHLING, or cLEvELANDo1-no.

HYDROCARBON-OIL BURNER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 417,479, dated December 1*?, 1889. Application led March 6, 1889. Serial No. 302,194. (No model.)

T all whom it may coz/Loewe:V

Be it known that we, OTTO EWERT and JOHN A. MEHLING, of Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hydrocarbon-Oil Burners; and we do hereby declare the following to bea full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable other's skilled in the art `to which it pertains to make and usethe same. Our invention relates to .improvements in hydrocarbon-oil burners for heating; and it consists in certain features of construction and in combination of parts hereinafter described, and pointed out in the claims.

Our invention is designed as an improveinenton an oil-burner described in United States Letters Patent No. 361,934, granted April 26, 1887, to Otto Ewert, one of the present applicants. The burner described in patent aforesaid was quite satisfactory as regards the heat developed; but there were cer.- tain objectionable features, to wit: The wicktube becameheated to such'a degree as to char the wick for some distance below the flame, in consequence of which the wick had frequently to be trimmed off an inch or two at a time; also, owing to the high temperature of the wick-tube, a considerable quantity of the oil was vaporized therein, and, although it is probable that more or less of such vapor united with the iiame of the wick and was consumed, yet so much of this vapor escaped at the junction of the chimney and wick-tube that the odor thereof was extremely oensive; also, while the diaphragm of theinner perforated chimney-tube performed its function in causing the upward current of air to pass into the flame, still the flame would assume a conical form above .the chimney, thus inclosing an air-space above the diaphragm, and the air in such' space would from expansion from time to time burst through the sheet of flame and cold air from the outside wouldy burst through the flame to supply the partial vacuum, and the result of such disturbance in the iiame was disagreeable odors. In view of these difficultieswe have devised the improved burner illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 is a side elevation. Fig. 2 is an elevation in section through the centerof the burner. Fig. 3 is a detail hereinafter described.

The wick-tube is of the so called Argand variety, and is usually of cast-iron, and h aving outer and inner annular wallsA A', integral at thebottom and inclosing an annular space for the wick, such space near the bottom being in open relation with the oil-supply-pipe A2. To prevent the main or castiron portion of the wick-tube from becoming overheated and charring the wick, we provide an extension thereof consisting of inner and outer walls d a', preferably7 of thin sheet metal, joined in any suitable manner, respectively, to the walls A A', so as to form tight joints. These extension-walls by reason of theirbeing thin and exposed to the airdo not transmit much heat to the cast metal below. Walls a a are separated so far that the wick does not come in contact therewith except at the upper part, where these walls at a2 are contracted to engage the wick just below the upper end thereof, and from thence wall Ct is iianged outward and wall a is flanged inward-that is to say, both walls diverge from the wick, as shown at a3, thus forming a broad base for the inner and outer chimneytubes B B to rest on. These flanged sections co3 of the wick-tube extension are perforated,-

as shown at a4, for purposes hereinafter mentioned.

For supporting the wick walls d d may be lined with suitable material that is a poor conductor of heat-such, for instance, as asbestus o1' plaster-of-paris; or such lining may be omitted, leaving', as shown, an airchamber A3, through. which the wick passes, the wick being usually stiff enough to support itself through such chamber, and in either case, by reason of the wick being in the main separated from walls a a', the wick is not charred except at or near the flame. With such construction the cast-iron portion of the wick-tube becomes only moderately heated, and consequently but little oil is va porized in the wick-tube. Vhatever vapor there may be that is generated in the wicktube it must pass up by the side of the wick, and, however small in quantity such escaping vapor may be, some provision other than the wick-Haine must behad for burning these vapors; otherwise the burner will emit a strong odor. To this end the perforations a4 are made to admit air to eommingle with these vapors and support combustion, these perforations bein0r located, as shown, below the end of the wick and in close proximity to where the wick protrudes from the reduced section of the wick-tube extension and-close to where such vapor escapes from the wick. The result is that small globules of flame are seen burning on the inside of the lianges at perforations a4 and no odor escapes, whereas if these perforations are temporarily closed for a few minutes a strong odor is emitted, although such closing of these perforations at does not affect the flame of the wick, the latter being supplied with ail' admitted through the perfor-ations of the chimney.

The chimney consists of inner and outer perforated tubes B B aforesaid, the latter being detachably secured to the inner ange a3 by springs, substantially as ordinary lampchimneys are secured to the holder. Tube B is permanently secured to ring b, the latter having depending steady-pins b', with a forked lever C for engaging these steady-pins for raising the tube B for purpose of lighting the burner, all of which are substantially as described in the patent aforesaid.

Heretofore, as described in the patent afore said,a diaphragm was located inside tube B', near the top of the latter, to prevent a current of air from passing up through such tube and to deflect the air through the perforations of the tube into the flame. \Vith such construction the llame converged to a point some distance above the end of tube B', thus inclosing an air-space of conical shape above the diaphragm, and as the air was expanded by the dame jets of heated air would break through the dame and jets of cold air from the outside would break in through the dame and fill the partial vacuum. Such disturbance of the liame seemed to result in imperfect combustion; at least a perceptible odor was emitted with each disturbance of the flame. To remedy this difficulty, we provide an extension or core Bl to fill the flame, such extension being integral or detachably connected with tube B',- as the case may be. This extension maybe solid or maybe a shell closed at the top in case no diaphragm is used, either of which will answer the purpose. This core or flame-filler extends upward to such close proximity to the bottom of the vessel or whatever is to be heated that the ame does not converge and inclose an airspace, but, on the contrary, spreads as it impinges the article that is being heated, and the flame under such condition remains unbroken and odorless. ,Ve employ toothed wheels (not shown) mounted on spindle E for raising and lowering wick D, this spindle passing out through a stuftingbox- 'lhehollow boss Av1 of the wick-tube, that incloses the feed-wheel, and at the e'nd thereof through which the spindle passes, has aseries of holes a5 arranged in concentric order with the spindle, these holes extending only part way through the end wall of the boss. A removable plug I is provided, the same being adapted to fit the holes a5. SpindleE has a lateral pin c for engaging the plug I, such engagelnent serving as a stop in raising the wick. After trimming the wick the latter is raised to the proper position for lighting and plug I is placed in the hole a next in advance of pin e, where it remains until the wick is again trimmed, and serves as a stop, so that on lighting the burner the wick is not raised too high. This adjustable plug, being outside and always accessible, is convenient of manipulation, and of course requiring no screw-driver or other tool.

This burner is more especially adapted to burn the heavier grade of hydrocarbon oil known as kerosene "We will add that perforations a need not be round holes, as small slits will answer the purpose.

That we claim isl. In a hydrocarbon-oil burner,4 awick-tube of the Argand variety having an upward eX- tension of thin metal, the inner and outer walls of the extension being separated from the wick except at or near the burning-point of the wick, substantially as and for the pur.- pose set forth.

2. A wick-tube of the Argand variety, the same having an extension inclosing an airchamber, through which the wick passes without contact with the inclosing-Walls of such chamber, the latter being located below and ext-ending to near the burning-point of the wick, substantially as set forth.

3. In a hydrocarbon-oil burner, a wick-tube of the Argand variety having an upward extension, the walls thereof, near the upper end, being contracted to engage the wick, and above such contraction the walls being flanged or ared away from the wick, such anges havin g perforations, substantially as set forth.

et. ln a hydrocarbon-oil burner, a wick-tube of thc Argand variety having an upward extension, the inner and outer walls of the eX- tension being separated from the wick except at or near the burning-point of the latter,. where they are contracted to engage the wick, the said tube being perforated at points above the contracted portion thereof, substantially as set forth.

5. The combination, with the burner and spindle for moving the wick, substantially as IOC indicated, and a hollow boss in which the f spindle is supported. the said boss having a LIL series of holes in concentric order with the spindle, of a movable plug adapted to fit the respective holes and a lateral pin projecting from the spindle foi1 engaging such plug to serve as a stopin moving Jthe wick, subst-antially as set forth.

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