US4144462A - Emergency lighting fluorescent pack - Google Patents
Emergency lighting fluorescent pack Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4144462A US4144462A US05/791,953 US79195377A US4144462A US 4144462 A US4144462 A US 4144462A US 79195377 A US79195377 A US 79195377A US 4144462 A US4144462 A US 4144462A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fluorescent
- pack
- lamp
- power
- emergency
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
- H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
- H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
- H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
- H05B41/282—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices
- H05B41/285—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions
- H05B41/2851—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions for protecting the circuit against abnormal operating conditions
- H05B41/2853—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions for protecting the circuit against abnormal operating conditions against abnormal power supply conditions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
- H02J9/062—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for AC powered loads
- H02J9/065—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for AC powered loads for lighting purposes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/538—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a push-pull configuration
- H02M7/53803—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a push-pull configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
- H02M7/53806—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a push-pull configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current in a push-pull configuration of the parallel type
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to self-contained emergency lighting packs for use with fluorescent lamps or tubes in standard fluorescent fixtures in order to provide for the illumination of at least one fluorescent lamp during times of power outages.
- the emergency lighting fluorescent pack of the present invention is a self-contained pack which may be synergistically mounted in line with a fluorescent lamp or alongside a fluorescent lamp. It is not necessary, nor is it desirable, to mount the pack within the portion of the fluorescent fixture containing the ballast used to drive the lamps when utility AC power is present. By mounting to the exterior of the fluorescent fixture, lower ambient temperatures are encountered, thereby improving the operation and extending the life of the batteries.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,336,472, Steinig discloses a device for supplying emergency lighting which is installed within a fluorescent lighting fixture. The device is placed within an elongated housing similar to a fluorescent lamp and incorporates therein batteries, electronic circuitry, and a light source 10. Thus, this device is not used in line with a standard fluorescent lamp but is used in substitution of an entire lamp.
- U.S. Pat. No. 2,401,555, De Reamer discloses a holder for series-connected fluorescent lamps, the holders interposed between these series-connected lamps. These holders however do not embody electronic circuitry for driving these lamps during power outages and are primarily utilized for insuring the deenergization of the lighting system when any particular fluorescent lamp is not properly in place.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,659,179, Barker et al. discloses an emergency electric lighting unit which is mounted onto a main fluorescent lamp 15 so as to provide emergency power via auxiliary fluorescent lamp 16.
- This emergency lamp is not in line with the standard fluorescent lamp 15 but is merely added onto the standard lamp, unlike the present invention.
- the present invention also incorporates a new element; namely, a safety cradle mounted to the fluorescent fixture so as to close a microswitch mounted within the cradle when the fluorescent lamp is properly installed within the fluorescent fixture.
- This safety cradle may be used in all mounting arrangements of one version of the present invention and insures that the electrical connections to all fluorescent lamps electrically associated with the lamp selected to be driven by the pack during power outages are de-energized until such time that the latter fluorescent lamp is properly installed.
- Another version of the pack for original equipment manufacturers does not utilize a safety cradle. This electrical de-energization prevents any shock hazard from utility AC or the higher voltage emergency generated power when replacing the lamp driven by the emergency pack.
- U.S. Pat. No. 2,401,555, De Reamer merely discloses the use of lamp holders 4 in conjunction with a series-connected fluorescent lighting system, the holders incorporating switch contact 33 and 34 to insure the de-energization of the fluorescent lamps when they all are not properly installed within these holders.
- these holders are connected in series with the fluorescent lamps unlike the present invention where the safety cradle switch contacts the exterior of a fluorescent lamp and does not make electrical connection therewith.
- the emergency lighting fluorescent pack according to the present invention also incorporates a ferro-resonant transformer operating at a high frequency, typically 11 kilohertz, whose output characteristics match the power requirements of the driven fluorescent lamp.
- This high frequency sinusoidal voltage impressed upon the fluorescent lamp ensures lamp ignition without the necessity of heating the filaments found within the lamp. In normal operation, these filaments are heated in order to produce free electrons and thereby enable ignition of the fluorescent lamp at utility line voltages.
- the ferro-resonant transformer ignites the fluorescent lamp with a voltage of between 300 and 600 VRMS at a power output of approximately ten watts. In order to sustain ionization of the lamp, five watts of power at approximately 120 volts RMS is needed.
- ferro-resonant transformers have been widely used in generating alternating current and for voltage regulation thereof, such applications have typically been in the fifty to sixty hertz range. Furthermore, such ferro-resonant transformers are normally only operated along the constant voltage portion of their operating curve rather than along the constant current portion of the curve. Thus, although U.S. Pat. No. 3,946,301, Love, discloses a direct DC-AC inverter utilizing a ferro-resonant transformer 88, this inverter is disclosed as operating in the low frequency range, typically sixty hertz.
- 3,906,243 Herzog, discloses a retrofit emergency lighting system for fluorescent lamps which utilizes a three kilohertz inverter for supplying emergency power to the fluorescent lamps.
- the frequency of operation is defined as being in the range of 2.5 kilohertz to 4.0 kilohertz and utilizes a standard transformer having a primary winding 25 and a secondary winding 26 for supplying the power from the inverter 20 to the circuitry associated with driving the fluorescent lamp.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,448,335, Gregory et al. discloses a high frequency AC-DC fluorescent lamp driver circuit operating at a frequency of approximately five to twenty kilohertz utilizing a saturable core output transformer T1 in order to drive the fluorescent lamp.
- a self-contained emergency lighting fluorescent pack is mountable to a fluorescent fixture either in-line with a fluorescent lamp or alongside a fluorescent lamp in order to provide emergency electrical power to the lamp during power outages.
- the fluorescent pack incorporates an electrically interconnected safety cradle mounted to the fluorescent fixture in a position to interfit with the fluorescent lamp when the lamp is properly mounted in the fluorescent fixture.
- a switch within the safety cradle remains open until the lamp is properly positioned within the cradle. When this switch is open, both the fluorescent pack and the fluorescent fixture sockets are de-energized to eliminate any shock hazard when changing lamps. Only when the switch is closed are the fluorescent fixture sockets and emergency pack energized.
- the present emergency lighting fluorescent pack also incorporates an electrical harness with an accompanying polarized plug for interconnecting with a mating polarized plug and harness.
- This latter harness includes wiring for electrically connecting the dual lamp ballast used with standard rapid start fluorescent lamps to a switchable source of utility AC power. This source of AC is typically used to turn the lamps on and off.
- This latter harness also includes wiring for connection to an unswitched source of utility AC power as well as to the fluorescent lamp driven by the emergency pack. The switched and unswitched AC are connected to the same utility AC power and therefore loss of one necessarily means loss of both sources.
- the present fluorescent pack By being mountable on the exterior of the fluorescent fixture, either in-line or alongside the fluorescent lamp, the present fluorescent pack is not subjected to the high temperature environment found within the ballast compartments of standard fluorescent fixtures. By being outside of the ballast compartment, the present invention therefore operates at a much lower temperature, insuring long life to the electrical components within the fluorescent pack and batteries used to provide the emergency power.
- the emergency lighting fluorescent pack When the emergency lighting fluorescent pack is mounted inline with a fluorescent lamp, a standard fluorescent lamp, having a length shorter than the lamp that would normally be installed in the fluorescent fixture is utilized due to the length of the fluorescent pack.
- a standard fluorescent lamp having a length shorter than the lamp that would normally be installed in the fluorescent fixture is utilized due to the length of the fluorescent pack.
- the fluorescent pack incorporates removable end caps for electrically connecting one end of the device to the normal electrical lamp socket of the fluorescent fixture and the other end of the fluorescent pack to one end of the shorter fluorescent lamp.
- the same fluorescent lamps as normally used in the fluorescent fixture are utilized, the only electrical connections then being from the electrical harness of the fluorescent pack to the alternating current ballast within the fluorescent fixture and to the utility AC source.
- the electronic circuitry utilized by the present invention incorporates a high-frequency DC-AC inverter emergency power module for generating a high frequency alternating electrical current source operating at approximately 11 kilohertz.
- a pair of main power transistors are utilized having base drive circuitry without the need for base drive resistors which would typically consume approximately ten percent of the battery power.
- the drive transistors for the main power switching transistors utilize auxiliary drive primary windings on the ferro-resonanant transformer for proper biasing. The current flow through these auxiliary windings as well as the primary windings associated with the switching transistors provide the necessary magnetic flux to the ferro-resonant transformer while minimizing wasted battery power.
- the ferro-resonant transformer is uniquely designed to match the power requirements of the driven fluorescent lamp so as to provide a relatively high voltage for igniting the lamp and a lower voltage for sustaining the ignition and therefore illumination of the fluorescent lamp.
- the ferro-resonant transformer during this latter mode of operation operates in the constant current portion of its operating curve unlike typical utilization of a ferro-resonant transformer for constant voltage applications.
- the high voltage output from the ferro-resonant transformer is only maintained until such time that the fluorescent lamp ionizes and ignites with automatic reduction of the output voltage and current to the lower voltage and current required for maintaining the fluorescent lamp ignited.
- This matching of the ferro-resonant transformer to the power requirements of the fluorescent lamp has the further advantage of providing the approximately ten watts of power needed to ignite a thirty or forty watt fluorescent lamp and the six watts of power needed to sustain this ignition, without the use of other electronic circuitry nor the use of substantial amounts of battery power as would otherwise occur with other types of transformers.
- the emergency fluorescent pack also incorporates transfer circuitry interconnected to the switched and unswitched sources of utility AC power, the safety cradle, and the emergency power high frequency generating module.
- the transfer circuitry includes a relay having a coil which is maintained energized so long as the safety cradle switch is closed. Whenever the safety cradle switch opens, the relay coil de-energizes, opening the relay contacts which in turn disconnect the utility AC power from the fluorescent fixture ballast so as to de-energize the fluorescent fixture sockets.
- the transfer circuitry also incorporates a transistor network associated with the safety cradle switch, the network providing for the activation and de-activation of the oscillator within the emergency power module so as to control the activation and de-activation of high frequency emergency power generation.
- the same transistor network senses utility AC power so as to activate the emergency power circuitry whenever the AC power fails as well as to de-activate the emergency power when AC power is present.
- a combination testswitch/panel light is interconnected to the transfer circuitry for indicating to the user when normal utility AC power is present as well as to allow the user to simulate a power failure to thereby test the proper functioning of the emergency fluorescent pack.
- the transfer circuitry also incorporates a low battery voltage disconnect circuit associated with the transistor network activating and de-activating the emergency power module.
- This low battery voltage network senses the battery pack voltage and causes the transistor network to de-activate the emergency power oscillator whenever the battery pack voltage falls below a predetermined level, typically 3 volts.
- This low battery voltage disconnect circuitry therefore prevents deep discharge of the battery pack and thereby extends the useful life of the batteries.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a fluorescent pack of the above description incorporating a safety cradle for de-energizing the fluorescent pack and the associated electrical connections of the fluorescent fixture whenever the driven fluorescent lamp is not properly aligned with the fluorescent fixture, and, for in line mounting, the fluorescent pack;
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a fluorescent pack of the above description capable of easy installation to existing fluorescent fixtures while providing for extended period emergency lighting during power outages, by mounting the pack outside of the ballast chamber of the fluorescent fixture;
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a fluorescent pack of the above description operating at a high frequency during its emergency mode so as to ignite and sustain ignition of the fluorescent lamp without the need for heating the lamp filaments normally used in the lamp for igniting and maintaining the lamp in its illuminated state;
- a further object of the present invention is to provide a fluorescent pack of the above description wherein a ferro-resonant transformer is utilized having output characteristics matched to the power requirements of the fluorescent lamp so as to insure ignition and sustainance of ignition of the fluorescent lamp while minimizing the amount of power delivered to the lamp and similarly minimizing the power losses of the electronic circuitry within the fluorescent pack to thereby maximize the duration of battery power;
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a fluorescent pack of the above description having automatic transfer circuitry for switching the pack into its emergency mode when the utility voltage fails or falls below a predetermined level and also for disconnecting the battery pack from the remainder of the fluorescent pack when the battery pack voltage drops to a predetermined percentage of its nominal voltage, thereby preventing deep discharge of the battery pack;
- An additional object of the present invention is to provide a fluorescent pack of the above description incorporating base drive circuitry to the main power switching transistors which eliminates the need for base drive resistors which would otherwise consume a substantial portion of the battery power.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the self-contained emergency lighting fluorescent pack according to the present invention mounted in-line with a fluorescent lamp of a standard fluorescent fixture, also showing in phantom the fluorescent pack mounted between two fluorescent lamps in its alternative method of mounting;
- FIG. 1A is a perspective view of the emergency lighting pack mounted along the side of a standard commercial fluorescent fixture
- FIG. 1B is a perspective view of the emergency lighting pack mounted in the lamp area of a fluorescent fixture for U-shaped fluorescent lamps;
- FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective assembly view of the fluorescent pack shown in FIG. 1 illustrating one of the removable end caps for use when the fluorescent pack is mounted in-line with a fluorescent lamp;
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the safety cradle shown in the orientation in which it is mounted to the fluorescent fixture as shown in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 4 is a partially cutaway perspective view of the fluorescent pack with its cover in place and mounted in-line with a fluorescent lamp;
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the safety cradle viewed in the same orientation as the fluorescent pack shown in FIG. 4 and illustrating the microswitch mounted within the safety cradle;
- FIG. 6 is a partially cutaway cross-sectional side elevational view of the fluorescent pack illustrating its mounting to a fluorescent fixture
- FIG. 7 is a voltage-current diagram showing the operating characteristics of the ferro-resonant transformer used in the fluorescent pack as well as the load line for an ignited fluorescent lamp;
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating the electrical connections between the fluorescent pack and the dual lamp ballast, fluorescent lamps, and utility power when the fluorescent pack is mounted in-line with a fluorescent lamp;
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the electrical interconnections between the fluorescent pack and the ballast, fluorescent lamp, and utility power when the fluorescent pack is physically mounted alongside the fluorescent lamps, and also illustrating the interconnection of the fluorescent pack with one fluorescent lamp in a single lamp ballast arrangement, the portion within the dotted line being considered omitted;
- FIG. 10A is a schematic diagram of a portion of the electrical circuitry of the fluorescent pack according to the present invention.
- FIG. 10B is a schematic diagram of the remaining circuitry of the present invention.
- FIG. 10C is a diagram showing how FIGS. 10A and 10B are put together.
- FIG. 11 is a diagrammatic view of the shape of the ferro-resonant transformer and the windings placed thereon.
- an emergency lighting fluorescent pack 20 is a self-contained device capable of mounting in-line with a fluorescent lamp or tube 22 or nearby or alongside the fluorescent lamps 22 and 24.
- the fluorescent lamp 22 which is operated by the fluorescent pack has a length equal to the length of the other fluorescent lamp 24.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the emergency pack installed beneath fixture reflective surface 25 and in-line with lamp 22. In phantom, the emergency pack is shown mounted beneath surface 25 and between lamps 22 and 24, in which case lamp 22 would have the same length as lamp 24.
- FIG. 1A illustrates pack 20 mounted to the side of fluorescent fixture 26 while FIG. 1B illustrates the emergency pack mounted to the fixture utilizing U-shaped lamps 22 and 24.
- the present fluorescent pack is designed for use in a dual lamp ballast fluorescent fixture 26 commonly found in industrial, commercial and home workshop areas and incorporating fluorescent lamps with "rapid start" configurations.
- the fluorescent pack 20 is for use with rapid start lamps using a dual ballast electrical configuration, it is known that single and three lamp ballast configurations of some manufacturers can be properly driven by the present invention.
- connection harness 34 comprises a number of wires 35, 36, 37, 38, 39 and 40 which are color coded for facilitating installation of the device with the dual ballast 42 and utility AC 76 and 84 (see FIGS. 8 and 9) within the fluorescent fixture 26. All dual lamp ballasts for rapid start fluorescent lamps are color coded as shown for wires 81, 82, 83 and 85 emanating therefrom. These wires connect with the circuit elements comprising ballast 42 as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9.
- end caps 44 and 45 are removed from the fluorescent pack in order to make electrical interconnections with lamp 22 and fluorescent fixture socket 46.
- Removal of end cap 44 exposes a female bi-pin socket 48 similar to the fluorescent fixture socket 46.
- the bi-pins at one end of lamp 22 are electrically and physically secured to the bi-pin fluorescent socket 48 of fluorescent pack 20.
- Socket 48 is angularly positionable by machine screws 33 so as to have an insertion entrance angle for the lamp equal to the entrance angle of fixture socket 47'.
- the other end of fluorescent pack 20, with the removal of end cap 45 exposes adjustable male bi-pins 50 which are physically and electrically secured to the fluorescent fixture socket 46. These pins are adjustable to facilitate insertion of the pins in socket 46, while maintaining the pack in a set orientation to the fixture.
- the fluorescent pack 20 has a length of one foot while the in-line fluorescent lamp 22 has a length of three feet. This gives an overall length of four feet which is the normal length for a 40 watt fluorescent lamp 24.
- the three foot fluorescent tube 22 has a typical wattage rating of 30 watts.
- a safety cradle 52 is electrically interconnected with the fluorescent pack 20 via cable 54. The safety cradle insures the proper alignment of the fluorescent lamp 22 driven by pack 20.
- the safety cradle has a concave configuration substantially identical to the outer configuration of the fluorescent lamp and is mounted to the fluorescent fixture 26 at a point which insures proper alignment of lamp 22 to fixture 26 and pack 20 when it sits within safety cradle 52.
- a microswitch 56 (see FIG. 5) with a depending lever 59 normally extending within the concave recess of the safety cradle 52 is electrically closed by the fluorescent lamp 22 thereby enabling the remainder of the fluorescent pack to operate the lamp in both normal and emergency mode operations (to be discussed later).
- the lever 59 causes the microswitch 56 to be in the electrically open state.
- This electrical state is sensed by the remainder of the fluorescent pack 20 which in turn de-energizes the electrical connections within the female bi-pin fluorescent socket 48 as well as the fluorescent fixture socket 46 to which the fluorescent fixture socket 46 to which the fluorescent pack 20 interconnects as well as the remaining fluorescent fixture sockets 47 to which the fluorescent lamps 22 and 24 electrically and physically interconnect.
- the safety cradle 52 insures the de-energization of the fluorescent fixture sockets 46 and 47 regardless of the mounting configuration of the fluorescent pack; that is, regardless of whether it is mounted in line or alongside the fluorescent lamp 22.
- the safety cradle 52 incorporates a base interlock 87 having mounting holes 89 through which machine screws (not shown) pass and are locked in place by nuts (not shown).
- a cradle portion 93 has a curved slot 53 for positioning and mounting the cradle to the base interlock by machine screw 99.
- Slot 53 allows the cradle to be positioned with its opening at any desired angle within approximately plus or minus 50° of the axis normal to the base interlock. This allows the cradle opening to be positioned so that the lamp 22 when positioned to mate with sockets 47 and 48 also will seal itself within cradle 93.
- the safety cradle therefore facilitates installation of the lamp in addition to deenergizing the pack and fixture sockets when the lamp 22 is not properly in place.
- This safety cradle is mounted to the fluorescent fixture 26 with the use of standard metal screws and nuts (not shown) passing through two mounting holes 87.
- Shims 55 may be placed between the base interlock and the upper inside surface of the fixture 26 in order to properly space the safety cradle therefrom.
- the shims preferably have a range of thickness for facilitating a desired spacing.
- the remainder of the fluorescent pack 20 is also mounted to the fluorescent fixture 26 by any standard fastening means such as machine screw and nut arrangement 57 and 58 (see FIGS. 2, 4 and 6). These screws are preferably spaced on opposite sides of the pack's center of gravity in order to minimize torque loading on socket 48.
- Shims 60 similar to shims 55, are used to properly space the fluorescent pack from the upper inside surface of fixture 26 especially when the fluorescent pack is mounted in-line with fluorescent lamp 22.
- the fluorescent pack 20 has a housing 61 incorporating a base 62 and a cover 64 removably interfitted with base 62 by a captive machine screw 65.
- the base and cover are preferably fabricated from a light colored flame retardant thermoplastic to insure proper operation of the fluorescent pack even in times of fire.
- the base and cover also have a rounded shape as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 in order to minimize the shadow effect of the pack when mounted in-line with a shorter fluorescent lamp as well as to facilitate installation of the pack in fixtures with curved reflective surfaces.
- the present invention incorporates a battery pack 66 held within base 62 by means of strap 67.
- the battery pack preferably comprises sealed lead cell batteries 88 (see FIG. 10B) with an output voltage for the pack of approximately four volts.
- Other rechargeable batteries such as nickel-cadmium and gelcells may be used. Since the pack 20 is not mounted within the hot ballast channel 63 of fixture 26, the life of the battery pack is greatly extended.
- the fluorescent pack also incorporates electronic circuit boards 68 which form the battery charger, transfer circuitry, and emergency power generating portions of the fluorescent pack.
- a combination testswitch/pilot light 70 extends downwardly from the fluorescent pack through an aperture 71 in cover 64.
- the testswitch/pilot light 70 has an adjustable collar 72 which provides for the downward extension of the testswitch/pilot light so as to make contact with the inside surface of the translucent fluorescent fixture lens or diffuser 74 (see FIG. 1) when the lens is in the closed position.
- the observer can see a faint glow of the pilot light through the lens which indicates that normal charging of the battery pack is occurring and he or she may push up against the fluorescent fixture lens so as to activate the testswitch which then indicates to the observer if the fluorescent pack can operate the fluorescent lamp during emergency conditions.
- the cover 64 may be removed for battery maintenance without disturbing other components and without removing the pack from the fluorescent fixture.
- connection harness 28 and ballast and utility AC harness 34 the electrical interconnections between the fluorescent pack 20 and the ballast 42 of the fluorescent fixture 26 as well as the utility line voltage is accomplished through connection harness 28 and ballast and utility AC harness 34.
- the electrical interconnections shown in FIG. 8 are utilized. That is, brown wires 35 and 36 of harness 34 are respectively connected to the black wire 77 of switched alternating current source 76 and the black wire 80 of ballast 42.
- the fluorescent lamp 22 selected for interconnection with the fluorescent pack 20 must have blue wires 81 and 82 at one end thereof within the fluorescent fixture 26.
- the remaining fluorescent lamp 24 which is not energized by the fluorescent pack 20 will have red fixture wires 83 at one end and yellow fixture wires 85 at the other end, as shown in FIG. 8.
- Blue wire 37 of harness 34 is connected to blue wire 82 within fluorescent fixture 26.
- black wire 39 and white wire 40 of harness 34 are respectively connected to the black and white wires of an unswitched AC source 84.
- the yellow wire 38 of harness 34 is left disconnected for it is only used when the pack 20 is mounted nearby lamp 22.
- This unswitched source of utility AC is the same as switched utility AC 76 except that the unswitched source remains activated even if utility AC 76 is switched off. That is, utility AC 76 allows lamps 22 and 24 to be turned on and off while utility AC 84 continues to supply power to emergency pack 20.
- the electrical connection between the fluorescent pack 20 and the ballast 42, the switched AC source 76 and the unswitched AC source 84 is the same as for the in-line mounting installation except that yellow wire 38 of harness 34 is connected to one of the yellow wires 85 from ballast 42 interconnected with fluorescent fixture socket 46. If the pack is used with a single lamp ballast, the interconnections are the same as those shown in FIG. 9, deleting lamp 24 and the respective wires enclosed by dotted line 79.
- the electrical circuitry of the fluorescent pack 20 contains a constant potential temperature compensated battery charger 86 of standard design capable of recharging battery pack 66 in approximately twelve hours.
- the battery charger 86, as well as the remaining circuitry shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B, have circuit component values as set forth in Table II.
- line transformer 90 has two hot primary taps 91 and 92 respectively for interconnection with 277 VAC and 120 VAC unswitched utility line voltage. In this manner, the fluorescent pack is capable of installation in any
- connection harness 28 has wires connected to each tap 91 and 92. Only the one desired is interconnected with polarized plug 30.
- the transfer circuitry module 94 of the electronic circuit of the emergency lighting fluorescent pack 20 is best seen in FIG. 10A. This portion performs the transfer of power from the normal utility AC to the battery pack 66 when a utility power outage occurs as well as to transfer power back to the utility AC when power returns.
- the transfer circuitry also removes battery power from driving fluorescent lamp 22 if the battery voltage drops below a predetermined level. This low voltage battery interrupt portion of the transfer circuitry prevents the batteries 88 from encountering a deep discharge which for most batteries is highly detrimental to their further use.
- This module when activated by the transfer circuitry module, produces high frequency and high voltage alternating current to ignite fluorescent lamp 22 and a high frequency, lower voltage, current controlled alternating current to maintain the lamp in the ignited state.
- the fluorescent fixture female socket 46 interconnects with adjustable male bi-pins 50 while female bi-pin fluorescent socket 48 of pack 20 interconnects with the male bi-pins 49 at one end of fluorescent lamp 22.
- the female socket 48 and male bi-pins 50 of the emergency pack electrically interconnect by wires 51 and 75.
- the AC power supplied to the fluorescent fixture socket 46 is simultaneously applied to the fluorescent lamp 22 if the switched utility AC source 76 is electrically connected to ballast 42. This connection occurs if relay contacts 96 (FIG. 10A) are closed. Relay contacts 96 are closed if relay coil 95 is energized.
- relay coil 95 This energization of relay coil 95 occurs if utility unswitched AC power 84, as sensed by secondary winding 155 of line transformer 90, is present and if switch 56 of safety cradle 52 is closed, thus indicating that fluorescent lamp 22 is properly installed.
- Output 151 in turn is connected to the blue wire 37 of harness 34 and interconnects with blue wire 82 forming one of the contacts of fluorescent fixture socket 47.
- output 149 interconnects with one of the male bi-pins 50 of the fluorescent pack 20 which in turn interconnects with one of the female pins 46 associated with fluorescent lamp 22.
- output 150 is connected to yellow wire 38 of harness 34. Therefore, outputs 150 and 151 drive lamp 22 when pack 20 is mounted alongside the lamps and outputs 149 and 151 drive lamp 22 when pack 20 is mounted in line with the lamp.
- bypass capacitor 147 when normal AC power is present, this power is not impressed upon the outputs of the fluorescent pack 20 since output 148 is effectively isolated from the sixty hertz low frequency power by bypass capacitor 147.
- This capacitor at 60 hertz presents a high impedance, thus effectively isolating ferro-resonant transformer 141 from the utility AC power.
- bypass capacitor 147 due to the high frequency of ferro-resonant transformer 141 presents a low impedance, thus allowing energization of the fluorescent lamp.
- the value of capacitor 147 must be selected so as to not adversely affect the inductive reactance of ballast 42, which reactance is necessary for limiting the current flow in lamps 22 and 24 during normal operation.
- the ballast 42 presents a high impedance to the emergency outputs due to the impedance of windings 41 and 43 at high frequencies. Therefore, although the ballast is interconnected with the output of the power pack, this interconnection does not adversely load the power pack during emergency mode operation.
- the emergency lighting fluorescent pack 20 when the emergency lighting fluorescent pack 20 is interconnected in its side-by-side configuration to fluorescent lamp 22, the pack allows for normal utility AC power 76 to drive fluorescent lamps 22 and 24 when such utility power is present and to switch power to the fluorescent pack 20 to illuminate fluorescent lamp 22 during power outages.
- the operation of coil 95 and contacts 96 in conjunction with AC utility power 76 is identical in this mounting configuration as it is in the "in-line" mounting configuration.
- the normal utility power is interconnected with fluorescent lamp 22 directly across fluorescent fixture socket 46 and 47, without the intermediate connection between female fluorescent socket 48 and male bi-pins 50 of fluorescent pack 20 (see FIG. 10B).
- the female fluorescent socket 48 of the pack 20 is not interconnected with the male pins 49 at one end of fluorescent lamp 22.
- the blue output wire 37 is interconnected with output 151 but also the yellow wire 38 is interconnected with the output 150. As best seen in FIG. 9, this in turn provides energizing power to fluorescent lamp 22 during emergency mode operation.
- the transfer circuitry module 94 is responsible for all switching interconnections between the fluorescent pack 20 and the fluorescent lamps 22 and 24 as well as ballast 42 and switched AC utility power 76.
- Secondary winding 155 of line transformer 90 has output terminals 156 and 157.
- Output terminal 157 interconnects to transfer circuitry module 94 via combination testswitch/pilot light 70 while common output terminal 156 directly interconnects with the transfer circuitry module and the negative output of battery pack 66.
- the output of secondary winding 155 is halfwave rectified by diode 107 charging capacitor 108 to approximately 10 volts.
- Charged capacitor 108 maintains the voltage at the cathode of diode 111 at a value greater than the 4 volt output of battery pack 66 on positive output line 97.
- the cathode voltage of diode 111 is applied to the base-emitter junction of PNP transistor 118 via resistor 115; thereby maintaining the PNP transistor 118 in the non-conducting state.
- the collector output of transistor 118 is coupled to the emitter of a second PNP transistor 124. Since transistor 118 is in the non-conducting state, collector current flow is not possible through transistor 124.
- the collector output of transistor 124 is interconnected with the inverter module 98 which generates the high frequency emergency power for fluorescent lamp 22.
- the collector output of transistor 124 is interconnected to an oscillator activating input 158 of oscillator integrated chip 130. Therefore, if transistor 124 is in the non-conducting state, oscillator chip 130 is prevented from oscillating, thereby de-energizing the remaining portion of the emergency power inverter module 98.
- capacitor 108 cannot be maintained in its charged state, discharging through coil 95 and diode 110 as well as through the series combination of resistor 113 and transistor 114 and the series combination of resistor 116, diode 117, resistor 120, and resistor 128. Once the voltage across capacitor 108 falls to a point so that the cathode voltage of diode 111 is less than the output voltage of battery pack 66, transistor 118 can no longer be maintained in the non-conducting state. Therefore, collector current through transistor 118 begins to flow both to transistor 124 as well as diodes 119, 126 and 127 to resistor 120 biasing the base of transistor 114.
- transistor 118 and 114 comprise what is known as a regenerative transistor pair.
- transistor 124 When transistor 118 conducts, transistor 124 is caused to enter the conducting state since the emitter voltage is greater than the base voltage due to biasing resistor 125. Once transistor 124 enters the conducting state, the oscillator activating input 158 is energized thereby causing oscillator integrated chip 130 to begin oscillating and consequently driving the remaining portion of the emergency power generating module 98.
- coil 95 is de-energized if push-button switch 69 of the combination testswitch/pilot light 70 is depressed, as would be done manually in order to ascertain if the pack 20 is operating properly.
- the opening of pushbutton switch 69 however does not prevent the emergency power generating module 98 from operating, as does the opening of safety cradle switch 56, since base resistor 129 is not disconnected from center tap 156. Therefore, when pushbutton switch 69 is depressed, fluorescent lamp 24 becomes de-energized while fluorescent lamp 22 is energized by the fluorescent pack 20.
- Another function of the transfer circuitry module 94 is to prevent battery pack 66 from de-energizing to a state where batteries 88 are in a condition of deep discharge. In order to prevent this, the transfer circuitry module 94 senses the output voltage of battery pack 96 and de-energizes emergency power output module 98 when this sensed battery pack voltage is below a predetermined level. This function of the transfer circuit module 94 is accomplished primarily by transistor 118 in conjunction with diodes 119, 126, and 127, resistors 120 and 128 and transistor 114.
- the emergency power generating module 98 is designed to provide high frequency power to fluorescent lamp 22 during emergency mode operation in order to ignite the lamp and maintain the lamp in its ignited state for as long as battery pack voltage 66 is above the approximately three volt level spoken of earlier with respect to the low voltage battery disconnect portion of transfer module 94.
- the fluorescent lamp 22 used with the present invention is the standard rapid start fluorescent lamp which normally uses filament heater windings installed therein to generate free electrons which allow for ionization of the lamp at 60 hertz and approximately 120 volts. However, in the emergency mode operation, it is desirable from an energy conservation point of view not to heat the heater filaments. If the filaments are not heated, it is necessary to have between 300 and 600 VRMS in order to start ionization of the lamp. Once ionization has occurred, the lamp operating voltage drops to approximately 120 VRMS and is fairly independent of lamp current. The power necessary to ignite the tube at the 300 to 600 VRMS level is typically 10 watts while the power to sustain ionization is approximately 5 watts.
- the emergency power module generates its 11 kilohertz signal initiated by oscillator integrated circuit 130 when energized by the collector output of transistor 124.
- This oscillator integrated circuit chip is preferably a CMOS multi-vibrator chip with true symmetrical outputs on output lines 159 and 160.
- the frequency of oscillation is governed by variable resistor 121 in series with resistor 122, their series combination in parallel with capacitor 123.
- the preferable frequency for driving the lamp is 11 kilohertz.
- the signals on output lines 159 and 160 are symmetrical in order to eliminate any DC bias on the accompanying circuit components.
- Output line 159 through resistor diode parallel combination 139 and 140 and capacitor 136 drive the base of transistor 142 while output line 160 similarly drives the base of transistor 133 through diode resistor parallel combination 137 and 138 in parallel combination with capacitor 135.
- the collector current of transistors 133 and 134 when energized is obtained from battery packs 66 through primary windings 162 and 163 of ferro-resonant transformer 141. In this manner, battery power is conserved by eliminating the need for collector current limiting resistors.
- collector current through transistors 133 and 142 which in turn provide for the base current drive for switching transistors 132 and 143 respectively provide for additional primary magnetic excitation of ferro-resonant transformer 141 instead of having a portion of the current dissipated in the form of heat across current limiting collector resistors.
- switching transistors 132 and 143 are driven by driving transistors 133 and 142 respectively and provide the majority of the primary current to the ferro-resonant transformer 141 through primary windings 164 and 165 respectively.
- These current pulses in conjunction with the current pulses generated through primary windings 162 and 163 -- the latter pulses occurring virtually simultaneously with those pulses passing through windings 165 and 164 respectively -- provide for the excitation of ferro-resonant transformer 141.
- the secondary of ferro-resonant transformer 141 generates a high frequency, high voltage sinusoidal output across secondary windings 166 and 167 which in turn are respectively delivered to fluorescent lamp 22 when the pack is mounted in the side-by-side or "in-line" configuration.
- the ferro-resonant transformer 141 utilizes a core comprising two E-shaped halves 175 facing each other.
- the center leg 176 of each E-shaped half combines to form a magnetic shunt having an air gap of approximately 0.075 inches therebetween.
- the core material used in the preferred embodiment was a Type 77 proprietary composition manufactured by Fair-rite Products Corporation, of Wallkill, N.Y. This core material is generally described in two publications of Fair-Rite Products, Inc.; namely, "Specifications and Characteristics of 77 Fair-Rite Material", Revision A, dated Jan. 1976, and "Magnetic Properties of Fair-Rite Materials", dated Sept. 1974. These publications indicate that the material is a manganese-zinc ferrite core material.
- Primary windings 162 and 164 each comprise ten turns of #20 wire, bifilar wound, while primary windings 163 and 165 each comprise five turns of #36 wire, bifilar wound.
- Secondary winding 166 comprises 475 turns of #36 wire and secondary winding 167 comprises 100 turns of #36 wire.
- This construction of the ferro-resonant transformer yields a transformer having an operating curve as shown in FIG. 7.
- Capacitor 146 resonates with winding 166 and drives ferrite section 168 (see FIG. 11) into deep saturation which generates the high voltage section 170 of transformer operating curve 169 (see FIG. 7).
- the operating curve 169 of ferro-resonant transformer 141 further has an approximate constant current portion 171.
- the typical fluorescent lamp 22 when operated at a high frequency, such as 10 kilohertz, and without the use of the cathode filament within the lamp, requires between 300 to 550 V RMS at a power level of 7 to 11 watts and a duration of two to four seconds to ionize the lamp, the voltage and power variations depending upon the lamp length and lamp make. As seen in FIG. 7, once ionization has occurred, the voltage across the lamp drops to between 120 and 140 V RMS and is fairly independent of lamp current as indicated by load line 173.
- the cross-hatched area 172 of FIG. 7 represents typical ionization volt-ampere products of various fluorescent lamps. Therefore, if a lamp requires 400 V RMS at 20 milliamperes to ionize, the ferro-resonant transformer operating curve 169 indicates that the transformer will have an output of 400 V RMS at 32 milliamperes. (point 176), and thus ionization of the lamp will occur.
- the uniqueness of the ferro-resonant transformer utilized in the present invention is its power foldback capability between ionization of the fluorescent lamp and maintenance of this ionization.
- the same lamp, as shown by its load line 173, requires 120 V RMS at 41 milliamps to remain ionized (point 177). This converts to a power requirement of 4.92 watts in order to remain ionized.
- the ferro-resonant transformer is able to maintain the lamp in the lit or ionized state at a lower power dissipation once the lamp is ionized while providing the higher power output necessary to initially ionize the lamp.
- This result translates into a corresponding battery current drain foldback which is desirable for minimizing the size of the battery necessary for providing emergency lighting for a given period of time.
- the ferro-resonant transformer delivers a relatively high power level requiring high battery current during ionization of the lamp. Thereafter, the operating characteristic of the fluorescent lamp suppresses the ferro-resonant output causing a reduction in the output power of the transformer with a corresponding reduction in the battery current drain supplied to transistors 132, 133, 142 and 143.
- the ferro-resonant transformer only demands high battery power during lamp ionization and thereafter low battery power for the duration of the maintenance of lamp ionization, which for most emergency lighting situations is no greater than 90 minutes. This feature reduces the size of the batteries yet delivers a significant amount of light emergency operations. Furthermore, the ferro-resonant transformer allows transistors 132, 133, 142 and 143 to be operated in the efficient switch-mode with resultant magnetic lamp ballasting. In addition, the operation of these transistors in the switch-mode minimizes transistor voltage drop and therefore permits the use of low battery pack output voltages, such as 4 volts.
- ferro-resonant transformer such as U.S. Pat. No. 3,946,301
- their use of ferro-resonant transformers is typically at 60 hertz and for voltage regulation purposes.
- the present invention uses the ferro-resonant transformer at a high frequency to, 1) provide the high voltage necessary to ignite the lamp and 2) provide a current limiting ballast simulating function once the lamp is ignited so as to maintain the lamp in the ignited state without supplying too much current thereto.
- the present invention provides for an emergency power fluorescent pack for providing emergency power to a fluorescent lamp during power outages, the fluorescent pack being mountable either in-line with the fluorescent lamp or in a side-by-side configuration thereto.
- the fluorescent pack of the present invention incorporates a ferro-resonant transformer for providing igniting voltage to the lamp and current limiting characteristics for maintaining the proper power dissipation in the lamp.
- the ferro-resonant transformer is driven by drive circuitry which utilizes the collector current of both the drive and switch transistors for providing primary current to the ferro-resonant transformer, thereby conserving battery power.
- the fluorescent pack of the present invention incorporates a safety cradle interlock for preventing energization of the fluorescent fixture sockets when the fluoresecent lamp driven by the pack is not properly mounted within the fluorescent fixture.
- the transfer circuitry of the present invention provides for a disconnect of the battery pack from the inverter portion of the pack when the battery voltage drops below a predetermined level and thereby prevents the discharge of the batteries within the battery pack.
- the fluorescent pack incorporates a combination testswitch/pilot light for indicating to the user when the fluorescent pack is operating normally as well as to test the fluorescent pack in its emergency mode.
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Abstract
Description
TABLE I __________________________________________________________________________ Patent No. Inventor Title Date __________________________________________________________________________ 2,170,456 H.W. Lord Electric Discharge Apparatus 1939 2,401,555 F.C. De Reamer Lighting System for Tubular Lamps And Holders For Use Therein 1946 2541,033 J. Cates Circuits For Electric Discharge Lamps 1951 3,217,156 G.W. Sherwood Emergency Lighting System 1965 3,233,091 S. Hunt Portable Stand-By Emergency Light 1966 Unit 3,239,716 V.M. Brooks Safety Circuit For Sequence Start 1966 Ballast With Disconnect Switches In The Primary And Secondary Windings 3,336,472 W. Steinig Device For The Safety Lighting of Rooms 1967 or Open-Air Installations 3,448,335 B.F. Gregory et al High Frequency AC-DC Fluoroescent Lamp 1969 Driver Circuit 3,591,796 John S.N. Barker Emergency Electric Lighting Installations 1971 3,659,179 Barker et al Emergency Electric Lighting Units 1972 3,660,714 E.A. Chandler Emergency Lighting System 1972 3,684,891 R.L. Sieron Fail-Safe Solid-State Emergency Lighting 1972 Power Supply and Transfer Circuit 3,688,123 A.H.B. Walker Emergency Fluorescent Lighting Apparatus 1972 3,758,823 P.L. Jett et al Battery Powered Fluorescent Light 1973 3,906,243 R.R. Herzog Retrofit Emergency Lighting System 1975 3,912,969 K. Nakai et al Discharge Lamp Lighting Apparatus 1975 3,946,301 R.R. Love Direct Current to Alternating Current 1976 Electronic Inverter With Overload and Short-Circuit Protection Circuitry 3,975,660 F. Knobel et al Starterless Low-Voltage Fluorescent-Lamp 1976 Circuit Arrangements __________________________________________________________________________
Table 2 ______________________________________ Value Reference No. Component (or Component Code) ______________________________________ 91Line Transformer 120 and 277 VACprimary windings 95Relay Coil 96Relay Contacts 100 Resistor 270 ohm 101Zener Diode 1N752 102Diode 1N4001 103SCR 1C106Y1 104 Resistor 2K 105 Resistor 3K 106 Capacitor 1000 uf at 16V 107Diode 1N4001 108 Capacitor 220 uf at16V 109Diode 1N4001 110 Diode 1N4001111 Diode 1N4001 112 Resistor 10K 113 Resistor 10K 114Transistor 2N4124 115 Resistor 1K 116 Resistor 10K 117Diode 1N4001 118Transistor 2N4125 119Diode 1N4001 120 Resistor 10K 121 Resistor 10K 122 Resistor 10K 123 Capacitor .0012uf 124Transistor 2N4125 125 Resistor 10K 126Diode 1N4001 127 Diode 100 ohm 129 Resistor 101N4001 128 ResistorK 130 Integrated Circuit CD4047AE (RCA) 131Diode 1N4001 132 Transistor D44H2 (G.E.) 133 Transistor HS 5307 (G.E.) 134Resistor 100 ohm 135 Capacitor 220uuf 136 Capacitor 220uuf 137 Diode 1N 4446 138 Resistor 22K 139 Resistor 22K 140 Diode 1N 4446 141 Ferro-resonant Transformer 142 Transistor HS 5307 (G.E.) 143 Transistor D44H2 (G.E.) 144Resistor 100 ohm 145Diode 1N4001 146 Capacitor 3900 PF. 147 Capacitor .01 uf at 1KV ______________________________________
Claims (72)
______________________________________ Output Output Current Voltage (milliamperes rms) (volts rms) ______________________________________ 0 570 5 565 10 562 15 560 20 535 25 490 30 435 35 345 40 170 42 0 ______________________________________
______________________________________ Output Output Current Voltage (milliamperes rms) (volts rms) ______________________________________ 0 570 5 565 10 562 15 560 20 535 25 490 30 435 35 345 40 170 42 0 ______________________________________
______________________________________ Output Output Current Voltage (milliamperes rms) (volts rms) ______________________________________ 0 570 5 565 10 562 15 560 20 535 25 490 30 435 35 345 40 170 42 0 ______________________________________
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US05/791,953 US4144462A (en) | 1977-04-28 | 1977-04-28 | Emergency lighting fluorescent pack |
CA302,113A CA1123044A (en) | 1977-04-28 | 1978-04-27 | Emergency lighting fluorescent pack |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US05/791,953 US4144462A (en) | 1977-04-28 | 1977-04-28 | Emergency lighting fluorescent pack |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US4144462A true US4144462A (en) | 1979-03-13 |
Family
ID=25155342
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US05/791,953 Expired - Lifetime US4144462A (en) | 1977-04-28 | 1977-04-28 | Emergency lighting fluorescent pack |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4144462A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1123044A (en) |
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