US413535A - Mixture for refining copper and its alloys - Google Patents
Mixture for refining copper and its alloys Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US413535A US413535A US413535DA US413535A US 413535 A US413535 A US 413535A US 413535D A US413535D A US 413535DA US 413535 A US413535 A US 413535A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- mixture
- copper
- alloys
- refining copper
- metals
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 22
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 22
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title description 22
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title description 10
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 title description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 18
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 14
- 239000010436 fluorite Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 8
- PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungstate Chemical compound [O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 241000876852 Scorias Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate dianion Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910002065 alloy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical class [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009114 investigational therapy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Inorganic materials [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
- C21C1/02—Dephosphorising or desulfurising
- C21C1/025—Agents used for dephosphorising or desulfurising
Definitions
- the object of this invention is to render more fusible, refine, and improve copper, or copper and other metals in admixture to form alloys, to remove the dross, scoria, or slag, to prevent porosity, to harden and toughen the metal, and greatly increase its tensile and resilient strength.
- the invention relates to the treatment of copper alone, or of copper and its alloy metals, with a peculiar flux, detergent, and auxiliary, which is composed of certain parts of purest native silica, (SiO,,) floorspar, (OaFl carbonate of potash, (K 00 and tungstate of sodium, (Na,WO,+2H O.) These elements are first carefully crushed to a fine powder, and then all carefully compounded together in about the proportions of four (4 parts silica, three (3) parts fluor-spar, two (2 parts carbonate potash, and one (1) part tungstate of sodium.
Description
UNITED STATES.
PATENT OFFICE.
GEORGE G. MULLINS, OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA.
MIXTURE FOR REFINING COPPER AND ITS ALLOYS.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 413,535, dated October 1889.
Application filed August 6, 1889. Serial No. 319,885. (No specimens.)
To aZZ whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, GEORGE GATEWOOD MULLINS, a citizen of the United States, re siding at Los Angeles, in the county of Los Angeles and State of California, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Mixtures for Refining Copper and its Alloys; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.
The object of this invention is to render more fusible, refine, and improve copper, or copper and other metals in admixture to form alloys, to remove the dross, scoria, or slag, to prevent porosity, to harden and toughen the metal, and greatly increase its tensile and resilient strength.
The invention relates to the treatment of copper alone, or of copper and its alloy metals, with a peculiar flux, detergent, and auxiliary, which is composed of certain parts of purest native silica, (SiO,,) floorspar, (OaFl carbonate of potash, (K 00 and tungstate of sodium, (Na,WO,+2H O.) These elements are first carefully crushed to a fine powder, and then all carefully compounded together in about the proportions of four (4 parts silica, three (3) parts fluor-spar, two (2 parts carbonate potash, and one (1) part tungstate of sodium.
Those skilled in the art to which this invention relates will understand that the compound is chiefly a flux and-detergent, and will determine by trial what quantity of the mixture to use for any given charge.
In applying my inventionI use this method for making what I call silicated copper, brass, or bronze. On the bottom of crucible, or on the bed of reverberatory furnace, I place from one to ten per cent. of the said mixture, according to character and weight of metal charged. When all is molten, I stir the bath thoroughly, allow it to remain quiet a few moments, skim off the scoria or dross, then proceed in the usual manner; orI place from one to ten per cent. of the mixture carried in paper bags into the already molten metal, stir thoroughly, and then proceed as usual. However, I would not confine myself to any fixed proportion of the parts in the mixture, or to the use of any limited quantity of the mixture, or to any one special way of applying it to the metal. These must vary with diiferent conditions. What may be the influences of these several elements, separate or combined, what chemical reactions may take place in the high temperature of crucible or furnace, are problematic questions belonging to scientific theory and have not yet been settled by adequate investigation; but as practical and important economical results I have noted that this treatment with said compound flux or detergent makes the whole charge more fusible, causes the adulterant material in the bath to rise quickly to the top, while the cleansed metal subsides, dissolves and removes the oxides, and thus enables the several metals to combine chemically and form a true alloy, which they cannot do so long as any oxidized substance is present. It removes porosity, toughens and adds greatly to the tensile and resilient strength of copper and of copper alloyed with other metals. Y
This special mixture and process for the treatment of copper and its alloying metals is the result of study and experiment through many years.
I am aware that artificial silicate-such as crushed glass-and fluor-spar have been used for certain purposes by copper and brass workers; but I do not know that either the mixture of powdered pure native silica and fluor-spar or the compound of silica, fluorspar, carbonate of potash, and tungstate of sodium has ever been used by any one else for said purpose in metallurgy.
What I claim then as my invention is-- The mixture of silica, fluor-spar, carbonate of potash, and tungstate of sodium, in substantially the proportions set forth, to be used GEORGE e. MULLINS.
Witnesses:
GRANVILLE E. HARRIS, DWIGHT F. CAMERON.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US413535A true US413535A (en) | 1889-10-22 |
Family
ID=2482466
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US413535D Expired - Lifetime US413535A (en) | Mixture for refining copper and its alloys |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US413535A (en) |
-
0
- US US413535D patent/US413535A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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