US409336A - Chrome-tanned leather and process of preparing the same - Google Patents
Chrome-tanned leather and process of preparing the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US409336A US409336A US409336DA US409336A US 409336 A US409336 A US 409336A US 409336D A US409336D A US 409336DA US 409336 A US409336 A US 409336A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- chromium
- leather
- sesquioxide
- chromic
- skins
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 title description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 28
- 210000003491 Skin Anatomy 0.000 description 40
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 32
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 12
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium(III) oxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 8
- 240000007829 Haematoxylum campechianum Species 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OIDPCXKPHYRNKH-UHFFFAOYSA-J Chrome alum Chemical class [K]OS(=O)(=O)O[Cr]1OS(=O)(=O)O1 OIDPCXKPHYRNKH-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 4
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate dianion Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000001828 Gelatine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000282322 Panthera Species 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L na2so4 Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000001264 neutralization Effects 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001376 precipitating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C3/00—Tanning; Compositions for tanning
- C14C3/02—Chemical tanning
- C14C3/04—Mineral tanning
Definitions
- This invention relates to improvements in chrome-tanned leather and in the art of finishing the same by rendering it permanently soft and flexible by charging and filling its pores with sesquioxide of chromium in a pure state and of minute division and perfectly cold, and causing it to receive thoroughly and quickly and to retain the color given to'itafter the filling operation, as I will now more fully describe and explain 1:)reparatory to a specific designation of the matters and things claimed as my invention.
- My invention has for its object to give a permanent softness and flexibility to tanned leather and skins without the aid of oils or of fatty or greasy materials, and to give them a fixed color which will not change by contact with the air.
- the process which constitutes part of this invention consists in the employment of a chemical preparation which operates upon the leather and skins in a manner entirely different from the processes employed up to this day.
- I employ the following process subsequent to the tanning process, viz: I have various methods of obtaining the hydrated sesquioxide of chromium (chromic hydrate) which forms the base of my process. I will commence by describing the cheapest method, which consists in taking the residue from bichromatc batteries and by means of a carbonate of soda precipitating this chrome-alum which leaves the batteries, and I obtain two distinct productsviz., a liquid sulphate of soda and a scsquioxide of chromium, (chromic hydrate,) which by washing and decanting is rendered completely neutral-tl1at is, neither Serial No. 250,604. (No specimens.)
- a vat or receptacle is now provided of a suitable size, according to the quantity of leather or skins to be treated, and of a depth exceeding by two feet the length of the hides or skins placed vertically in the vat. I thereupon make a bath of water, adding sulphuric acid or nitric acid, or any other suitable acid to give it a specific gravity of 4 Baume, stirring the liquid well and allowing it to stand for about three days for the purpose of allowing it to cool perfectly.
- the bath has been prepared in this manner and the surplus of hydrated sesquioxide (chromic hydrate) has had time to settle I immerse the leather or skins vertically into the liquid. and allow them' to remain therein from twelve to eighteen hours, according to the nature of the tanning to which they have been previously subjected.
- the hides or skins are now removed by any suitable means and the liquid is immediately again agitated, so that a quantity of the surplus of hydrated sesquioxide (chromic hydrate) at the bottom of the vat will be absorbed by the acid set free.
- my process consists of softening leather and skins and rendering them absolutely flexible, and giving them a fixed color. After leaving my solution, and after all the liquid has run off from the skins, they are subjected to the action of a solution of warm logwood, which permanently sets the sesquioxide of chromium in the skin.
- the leather or skins remain for a space of time, governed by the nature of the skins and of the tanning which they have received, in the said solution with surplus supply for the purpose of introducing into the pores and cells of the organic matter a sufficient quantity of sesquioxide of chromium, which prevents by its presence the gelatine of the skin from combining, and keeps the leather or skins continually soft and flexible.
- the operation of my invention may be concisely stated as follows, viz:
- the leather after being tanned in any manner previously known, is dipped into a solution containing the sesquioxide of chromium (chromic hydrate) in solution, which is renewed by agitating the surplus of the finelydivided sesquioxide of chromium (chromic oxide) and setting, the oxide of chromium permanently in the pores of the leather by treating it with a solution of logwood, so as to render it impenetrable to Water, and finally coloring it, fixing its color, and protecting it against the oxidizing effects of the atmosphere.
- the process is then continued in the same vat for fresh sets of skins by agitating the solution and its surplus of hydrated oxide of chromium (chromic hydrate) previous to each fresh treatment, the subsequent steps being continued, as before mentioned, until the sesquioxide of chromium (chromic hydrate) is entirely consumed.
- I claim- 1 The process herein described of treating leather after tanning for the purpose of softening, coloring, and fixing the color thereof, the same consisting in subjecting the leather to a cold solution of sesquioxide of chromium, (chromic hydrate,) then subjecting it to the action of a bath of logwood, substantially as described.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment And Processing Of Natural Fur Or Leather (AREA)
Description
UNITE Starts rrrcn.
arnivr LEO N RAPPE, OF NEIVARK, NEXV JERSEY, ASSIGNOR, KY MESNE ASSIGN- MENTS, TO LIZZIE S. PIERSON,
OF IVIIJMINGTON, DELAIVARE.
CHROME-TANNED LEATHER AND PROCESS OF PREPARING THE SAME.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 409,336, dated August 20, 1889.
Application filed September 24, 1887.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, LEON RAPPE, a citizen of France, and a resident of Newark, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Chrome-Tanned Leather and Processes of Preparing the Same; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.
This invention relates to improvements in chrome-tanned leather and in the art of finishing the same by rendering it permanently soft and flexible by charging and filling its pores with sesquioxide of chromium in a pure state and of minute division and perfectly cold, and causing it to receive thoroughly and quickly and to retain the color given to'itafter the filling operation, as I will now more fully describe and explain 1:)reparatory to a specific designation of the matters and things claimed as my invention.
My invention has for its object to give a permanent softness and flexibility to tanned leather and skins without the aid of oils or of fatty or greasy materials, and to give them a fixed color which will not change by contact with the air.
The process which constitutes part of this invention consists in the employment of a chemical preparation which operates upon the leather and skins in a manner entirely different from the processes employed up to this day.
For ,the purpose of rendering the hides soft and flexible, as well as durable, I employ the following process subsequent to the tanning process, viz: I have various methods of obtaining the hydrated sesquioxide of chromium (chromic hydrate) which forms the base of my process. I will commence by describing the cheapest method, which consists in taking the residue from bichromatc batteries and by means of a carbonate of soda precipitating this chrome-alum which leaves the batteries, and I obtain two distinct productsviz., a liquid sulphate of soda and a scsquioxide of chromium, (chromic hydrate,) which by washing and decanting is rendered completely neutral-tl1at is, neither Serial No. 250,604. (No specimens.)
alkaline, acid, nor containing any salt. If this residue is not obtainable, I can take abichromate of soda, potash, or ammonia, which I separate, and by the aid of a reducing agent-such as sugar, flour, or sawdustand an addition of sulphuric acid, I produce a chrome-alum, which I precipitate in the same manner as the alum from the batteries. After having obtained this hydrated sesquioxide of chromium (chromic hydrate) I combine it with hot sulphuric acid of a specific gravity of 16 to 18 Baume, which gives me an absolutely-pure sulphate of chromium. I subject this sulphate to the same operations as the alum, the same washing and decanting, and I have now hydrated sesquioxide of chromium (chromic hydrate) in a perfect condition. A vat or receptacle is now provided of a suitable size, according to the quantity of leather or skins to be treated, and of a depth exceeding by two feet the length of the hides or skins placed vertically in the vat. I thereupon make a bath of water, adding sulphuric acid or nitric acid, or any other suitable acid to give it a specific gravity of 4 Baume, stirring the liquid well and allowing it to stand for about three days for the purpose of allowing it to cool perfectly. I now add my perfectly neutral hydrated sesquioxide of chromium (chromic hydrate) to the bath; but although I am not able to establish the exact proportions of the solution and the hydrated sesquioxide, (chromic hydrate,) I have a very easy test, as the liquid dissolves as much as its character and affinity will permit, and the surplus exceeding its capacity willbe deposited upon the bottom of the vat, being heavier than the liquid. It is now essential in preparing a new vat to agitate the solution for about four consecutive days, so as to keep the hydrated sesquioxide chromium (chromic hydrate) suspended during the entire period and to allow the liquid time to become saturated with the same. After now the bath has been prepared in this manner and the surplus of hydrated sesquioxide (chromic hydrate) has had time to settle I immerse the leather or skins vertically into the liquid. and allow them' to remain therein from twelve to eighteen hours, according to the nature of the tanning to which they have been previously subjected. The hides or skins are now removed by any suitable means and the liquid is immediately again agitated, so that a quantity of the surplus of hydrated sesquioxide (chromic hydrate) at the bottom of the vat will be absorbed by the acid set free. The organic nature of the leather or skins having a great affinity for metallic oxides, they destroy the combination in my liquid and fill the pores and cells with the hydrated sesquioxide of chromium (chromic hydrate) and free the acid, which will drop off when the skins are suspended in space.
In contradistinction to all other processes heretofore employed for tanning skins, my process consists of softening leather and skins and rendering them absolutely flexible, and giving them a fixed color. After leaving my solution, and after all the liquid has run off from the skins, they are subjected to the action of a solution of warm logwood, which permanently sets the sesquioxide of chromium in the skin. The leather or skins remain for a space of time, governed by the nature of the skins and of the tanning which they have received, in the said solution with surplus supply for the purpose of introducing into the pores and cells of the organic matter a sufficient quantity of sesquioxide of chromium, which prevents by its presence the gelatine of the skin from combining, and keeps the leather or skins continually soft and flexible.
By my process of finishing the leather it is rendered much more impervious than by any of the finishing operations usually practiced for stuffing the leather and rendering it pliable by means of greasy and other similar matters, for the reason that the oxide of chromium is introduced and set in the pores of the leather and cannot be removed under atmospheric influences, so that the leather is impermeable so long as it lasts.
In conclusion, the operation of my invention may be concisely stated as follows, viz: The leather, after being tanned in any manner previously known, is dipped into a solution containing the sesquioxide of chromium (chromic hydrate) in solution, which is renewed by agitating the surplus of the finelydivided sesquioxide of chromium (chromic oxide) and setting, the oxide of chromium permanently in the pores of the leather by treating it with a solution of logwood, so as to render it impenetrable to Water, and finally coloring it, fixing its color, and protecting it against the oxidizing effects of the atmosphere. This completes one of the sets of skins. The process is then continued in the same vat for fresh sets of skins by agitating the solution and its surplus of hydrated oxide of chromium (chromic hydrate) previous to each fresh treatment, the subsequent steps being continued, as before mentioned, until the sesquioxide of chromium (chromic hydrate) is entirely consumed.
I claim- 1. The process herein described of treating leather after tanning for the purpose of softening, coloring, and fixing the color thereof, the same consisting in subjecting the leather to a cold solution of sesquioxide of chromium, (chromic hydrate,) then subjecting it to the action of a bath of logwood, substantially as described.
2. The process herein described of sucoessively restoring the cold solution of sesquioxide of chromium (chromic hydrate) by agitating a surplus body thereof at the bottoms of said cold solution previous to treating each batch of leather, so that the cold solution will reabsorb and hold in solution the proper proportion of chromic hydrate, substantially as specified.
3. As a new article of manufacture, a skin previously tanned with vegetable tanningmatter and impregnated with the oxide of chromium, as set forth.
4. As a new article of manufacture, a skin previously tanned with vegetable tanningmatter, having its pores impregnated with oxide of chromium and dyed with a color partly combined with the chromium oxide as a mordan t, as set forth.
In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.
LEON RAPPE.
Witnesses:
OLIVER H. PERRY, CHARLES M. LUM.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US409336A true US409336A (en) | 1889-08-20 |
Family
ID=2478272
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US409336D Expired - Lifetime US409336A (en) | Chrome-tanned leather and process of preparing the same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US409336A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4168240A (en) * | 1977-03-09 | 1979-09-18 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the preparation of a chrome tanning agent and Glauber's salt |
-
0
- US US409336D patent/US409336A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4168240A (en) * | 1977-03-09 | 1979-09-18 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the preparation of a chrome tanning agent and Glauber's salt |
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