US4087169A - Transfer roller system - Google Patents

Transfer roller system Download PDF

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Publication number
US4087169A
US4087169A US05/737,821 US73782176A US4087169A US 4087169 A US4087169 A US 4087169A US 73782176 A US73782176 A US 73782176A US 4087169 A US4087169 A US 4087169A
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United States
Prior art keywords
photoreceptor
roller
transfer roller
transfer
image
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Expired - Lifetime
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US05/737,821
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Joseph Fantuzzo
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Xerox Corp
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Xerox Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/14—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base
    • G03G15/16—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer
    • G03G15/1665—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer by introducing the second base in the nip formed by the recording member and at least one transfer member, e.g. in combination with bias or heat
    • G03G15/167—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer by introducing the second base in the nip formed by the recording member and at least one transfer member, e.g. in combination with bias or heat at least one of the recording member or the transfer member being rotatable during the transfer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S101/00—Printing
    • Y10S101/37—Printing employing electrostatic force

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improved transfer roller system for an electrostatic reproduction machine. More particularly, the invention is directed to apparatus for biasing a transfer roller into contact with a photoreceptor with a force which does not vary during operation of the machine.
  • a xerographic plate or photoreceptor comprising a layer of photosensitive insulating material affixed to a conductive backing is used to support electrostatic latent images.
  • the photosensitive surface is electrostatically charged, and the charged surface is then exposed to a light pattern of the image being reproduced to thereby discharge the surface in the areas where light strikes the surface.
  • the undischarged areas of the surface thus form an electrostatic charge pattern (an electrostatic latent image) conforming to the original pattern.
  • the latent image is then developed by contacting it with a finely divided electrostatically attractable powder referred to an "toner". Toner is held on the image areas by the electrostatic charge on the surface.
  • a greater amount of toner is deposited.
  • a toner image is produced in conformity with a light image of the copy being reproduced.
  • the developed image is then transferred to a suitable transfer member (e.g., paper), and the image is affixed thereto to form a permanent record of the original document. Residual toner is then removed from the photosensitive surface prior to charging the surface again.
  • a primary object of the present invention is the elimination of the problems described above which relate to the force with which a transfer roller is biased into contact with the photoreceptor of an electrostatic reproduction machine.
  • a transfer roller is mounted to pivot about an axis so that the roll can move in a direction which is at least generally perpendicular to the photoreceptor at the point of contact.
  • a first set of negator (constant load) springs are used to offset the weight of the transfer roller mechanism about its pivotal axis.
  • a second set of negator springs are adjustably mounted so that they can be moved to apply a force at a desired point on either side of the pivotal axis.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an electrostatic reproduction machine embodying the principles of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective schematic view of the improved roller system.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken through line 3--3 of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 1 For a general understanding of an electrostatic reproduction machine in which the present invention may be incorporated, reference is made to FIG. 1.
  • a light image of an original is projected onto the photosensitive surface of a xerographic plate to form an electrostatic latent image thereon.
  • the latent image is developed with an oppositely charged developing material comprising carrier beads and toner particles triboelectrically adhering thereto to form a xerographic powder image corresponding to the latent image on the photosensitive surface.
  • the powder image is then electrostatically transferred to a transfer member such as a sheet of paper to which it may be fixed by a fusing device whereby the toner image is caused permanently to adhere to the transfer member.
  • an original 12 to be copied is placed upon a transparent support platen 14 fixedly arranged in an illumination assembly indicated generally by the reference numeral 16. While upon the platen, the illumination assembly flashes light rays upon the original, thereby producing image rays corresponding to the informational areas on the original.
  • the image rays are projected by means of an optical system 18 to an exposure station 20 for exposing the surface of a moving xerographic plate in the form of a flexible photoconductive belt or photoreceptor 22.
  • a corona generating device 24 located at a belt run extending between the belt supporting rollers 26 and 28.
  • the exposure station extends between the roller 28 and a third roller 30.
  • the exposure of the photosensitive surface of the belt to the light image discharges the surface in the areas struck by light whereby an electrostatic latent image remains on the belt in image configuration corresponding to the light image projected from the original on the support platen.
  • the developing apparatus 34 comprises a plurality of magnetic brushes 36 which carry developing material to the surface of the upwardly moving belt 22, and a toner dispenser 37 covered by a cap 39.
  • toner particles in the development material are electrostatically attracted to the charged photosensitive surface to form a powder image (an electrostatic developed image).
  • the developed electrostatic image is transported by the belt 22 to a transfer station 38 where a sheet of paper is moved at a speed in synchronism with the moving belt in order to effect transfer of the developed image.
  • a transfer roll 40 which is arranged on the frame of the machine to contact the back side of the sheet of paper as the latter is moved or fed between the belt and the transfer roll.
  • the roll 40 is electrically biased with sufficient voltage so that the developed image on the belt may be electrostatically attracted to the adjacent side of a sheet of paper as the latter is brought into contact therewith.
  • a suitable sheet transport mechanism transports sheets of paper seriatim from a paper handling mechanism indicated generally by the reference numeral 42 to the developed image on the belt as the same is carried around the roller 26.
  • each sheet In passing from the paper handling mechanism to the transfer roll 40, each sheet contacts a plurality of registration fingers 44 which serve to actuate various components within the machine at the proper time during passage of each sheet through the machine.
  • a charge is deposited thereon by a detack corona generating device 46 to lessen the electrostatic attraction between the belt 22 and the sheet so that the latter can be removed by a vacuum stripping and transport mechanism 48.
  • the sheet is thereafter retained on the underside of the vacuum stripping transport mechanism 48 for movement into a fuser assembly indicated generally by the reference numeral 50 wherein the powder image on the sheet is permanently affixed thereto.
  • the finished copy is discharged at a suitable point for collection.
  • the toner particles remaining as residue on the belt 22 are carried by the belt to a cleaning apparatus 52.
  • the cleaning apparatus 52 comprises a corona discharge device 54 for neutralizing charges remaining on the untransferred toner particles, a rotating brush 56 mounted within a housing 58, and a vacuum outlet 60.
  • a first set of negator (constant load) springs 62 are attached to each of supporting arms 64 and to the frame 66 of the machine 10 to offset the weight of the transfer roller mechanism about its pivotal axis 68.
  • negator constant load
  • a second set of negator springs 70 are connected to members 72 which are slidably mounted on the arms 64, and to members 74 which are slidably mounted on the frame 66.
  • Members 72 and 74 can both be locked in a desired location on either side of the pivotal axis 68 by set screws (not shown) or any other suitable means.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)

Abstract

A constant force spring apparatus is used to bias a transfer roller into contact with a photoreceptor during movement of the latter, so that the force between the transfer roller and the photoreceptor remains constant regardless of any variations in the dimensions of the transfer roller or photoreceptor, or of any disturbances within the machine.

Description

This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 631,987, now abandoned, filed 11/14/75.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an improved transfer roller system for an electrostatic reproduction machine. More particularly, the invention is directed to apparatus for biasing a transfer roller into contact with a photoreceptor with a force which does not vary during operation of the machine.
In conventional xerography, a xerographic plate or photoreceptor comprising a layer of photosensitive insulating material affixed to a conductive backing is used to support electrostatic latent images. In the xerographic process, the photosensitive surface is electrostatically charged, and the charged surface is then exposed to a light pattern of the image being reproduced to thereby discharge the surface in the areas where light strikes the surface. The undischarged areas of the surface thus form an electrostatic charge pattern (an electrostatic latent image) conforming to the original pattern. The latent image is then developed by contacting it with a finely divided electrostatically attractable powder referred to an "toner". Toner is held on the image areas by the electrostatic charge on the surface. Where the charge is greater, a greater amount of toner is deposited. Thus, a toner image is produced in conformity with a light image of the copy being reproduced. The developed image is then transferred to a suitable transfer member (e.g., paper), and the image is affixed thereto to form a permanent record of the original document. Residual toner is then removed from the photosensitive surface prior to charging the surface again.
Where an electrically biased transfer roller is used to effect transfer of the developed image from the photoreceptor to the transfer member, problems often arise because of the force which biases the roller into contact with the photoreceptor.
One of the problems that arise in transfer roller systems is defects in copy quality, e.g., "hollow characters" which may result from a sheet of paper being subjected to an excessive pressure as it passes between the transfer roller and the photosensitive surface during the transfer step.
Another copy quality problem which sometimes arises in transfer roller systems relates to undesired nonuniform densities in the transferred image. This results from variations in pressure caused by variations in the dimensions of the photoreceptor or transfer roll diameter, or disturbances within the reproduction machine.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A primary object of the present invention is the elimination of the problems described above which relate to the force with which a transfer roller is biased into contact with the photoreceptor of an electrostatic reproduction machine. To effect this object, a transfer roller is mounted to pivot about an axis so that the roll can move in a direction which is at least generally perpendicular to the photoreceptor at the point of contact. A first set of negator (constant load) springs are used to offset the weight of the transfer roller mechanism about its pivotal axis. A second set of negator springs are adjustably mounted so that they can be moved to apply a force at a desired point on either side of the pivotal axis.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an electrostatic reproduction machine embodying the principles of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective schematic view of the improved roller system.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken through line 3--3 of FIG. 2.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
For a general understanding of an electrostatic reproduction machine in which the present invention may be incorporated, reference is made to FIG. 1. As in all electrostatic reproduction machines of the type illustrated, a light image of an original is projected onto the photosensitive surface of a xerographic plate to form an electrostatic latent image thereon. Thereafter, the latent image is developed with an oppositely charged developing material comprising carrier beads and toner particles triboelectrically adhering thereto to form a xerographic powder image corresponding to the latent image on the photosensitive surface. The powder image is then electrostatically transferred to a transfer member such as a sheet of paper to which it may be fixed by a fusing device whereby the toner image is caused permanently to adhere to the transfer member.
In the illustrated machine 10, an original 12 to be copied is placed upon a transparent support platen 14 fixedly arranged in an illumination assembly indicated generally by the reference numeral 16. While upon the platen, the illumination assembly flashes light rays upon the original, thereby producing image rays corresponding to the informational areas on the original. The image rays are projected by means of an optical system 18 to an exposure station 20 for exposing the surface of a moving xerographic plate in the form of a flexible photoconductive belt or photoreceptor 22. In moving in the direction indicated by the arrow, prior to reaching the exposure station 20, that portion of the belt being exposed would have been uniformly charged to approximately +900 volts by a corona generating device 24 located at a belt run extending between the belt supporting rollers 26 and 28. The exposure station extends between the roller 28 and a third roller 30.
The exposure of the photosensitive surface of the belt to the light image discharges the surface in the areas struck by light whereby an electrostatic latent image remains on the belt in image configuration corresponding to the light image projected from the original on the support platen. As the belt continues its movement, the latent image passes around the roller 30 and through a developing station 32 where a developing apparatus indicated generally by the reference numeral 34 is positioned. The developing apparatus 34 comprises a plurality of magnetic brushes 36 which carry developing material to the surface of the upwardly moving belt 22, and a toner dispenser 37 covered by a cap 39. As the developing material is applied to the belt, toner particles in the development material are electrostatically attracted to the charged photosensitive surface to form a powder image (an electrostatic developed image).
The developed electrostatic image is transported by the belt 22 to a transfer station 38 where a sheet of paper is moved at a speed in synchronism with the moving belt in order to effect transfer of the developed image. Located at the transfer station 38 is a transfer roll 40 which is arranged on the frame of the machine to contact the back side of the sheet of paper as the latter is moved or fed between the belt and the transfer roll. The roll 40 is electrically biased with sufficient voltage so that the developed image on the belt may be electrostatically attracted to the adjacent side of a sheet of paper as the latter is brought into contact therewith.
A suitable sheet transport mechanism transports sheets of paper seriatim from a paper handling mechanism indicated generally by the reference numeral 42 to the developed image on the belt as the same is carried around the roller 26. In passing from the paper handling mechanism to the transfer roll 40, each sheet contacts a plurality of registration fingers 44 which serve to actuate various components within the machine at the proper time during passage of each sheet through the machine.
As a sheet emerges from the transfer station 38, a charge is deposited thereon by a detack corona generating device 46 to lessen the electrostatic attraction between the belt 22 and the sheet so that the latter can be removed by a vacuum stripping and transport mechanism 48. The sheet is thereafter retained on the underside of the vacuum stripping transport mechanism 48 for movement into a fuser assembly indicated generally by the reference numeral 50 wherein the powder image on the sheet is permanently affixed thereto. After fusing, the finished copy is discharged at a suitable point for collection. The toner particles remaining as residue on the belt 22 are carried by the belt to a cleaning apparatus 52. The cleaning apparatus 52 comprises a corona discharge device 54 for neutralizing charges remaining on the untransferred toner particles, a rotating brush 56 mounted within a housing 58, and a vacuum outlet 60.
Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, the present invention will be described in detail. A first set of negator (constant load) springs 62 are attached to each of supporting arms 64 and to the frame 66 of the machine 10 to offset the weight of the transfer roller mechanism about its pivotal axis 68. Thus, the transfer roller system is balanced or nearly balanced by the springs 62.
A second set of negator springs 70 are connected to members 72 which are slidably mounted on the arms 64, and to members 74 which are slidably mounted on the frame 66. Members 72 and 74 can both be locked in a desired location on either side of the pivotal axis 68 by set screws (not shown) or any other suitable means. Thus, as can be seen, once the weight of the transfer roller mechanism is balanced by springs 62, the position of the springs 70 is finely adjusted to produce the moment about pivotal axis 68 which results in the exact load at the point of contact between the photoreceptor 22 and the transfer roller 40 which is necessary to effect optimum transfer. Once this load is set, it remains constant during the operation of the machine regardless of variations in the dimensions of the photoreceptor 22 or transfer roller 40, or of disturbances within the machine.
While the invention has been described with reference to the structure disclosed, it is not confined to the details set forth, but is intended to cover such modifications or changes as may come within the scope of the following claims.

Claims (4)

What is claimed is:
1. An improved combination of a photoreceptor mounted for movement around a closed path and a transfer roller system for transferring a developed electrostatic image from the photoreceptor to a transfer member, the transfer roller system including a transfer roller in contact with the photoreceptor, and means for mounting the roller to pivot about an axis so that the roller can move in a direction which is at least generally perpendicular to the surface of the photoreceptor, wherein the improvement comprises means including a negator spring for maintaining the roller in contact with the photoreceptor with a force which is constant regardless of any pivotal movement of the roller during movement of the photoreceptor around the closed path.
2. An improved transfer roller system for transferring a developed electrostatic image from a photoreceptor mounted for movement around a closed path to a transfer member, the system including a transfer roller, and means for mounting the roller to pivot about an axis so that the roller can move in a direction which is at least generally perpendicular to the surface of the photoreceptor, Wherein the improvement comprises means for biasing the roller into contact with the photoreceptor with a force which is constant regardless of any pivotal movement of the roller during movement of the photoreceptor around the closed path, the biasing means including first means for creating a moment about the pivotal axis which is equal to but opposite in direction to the moment created by the weight of the transfer roller and mounting means, and second means adjustably connected to the mounting means for creating a predetermined moment about the pivotal axis.
3. An improved transfer roller system according to claim 2, wherein the second means is slidably mounted on the mounting means.
4. An improved transfer roller system according to claim 3, wherein the first and second means each include a constant force spring.
US05/737,821 1975-11-14 1976-11-01 Transfer roller system Expired - Lifetime US4087169A (en)

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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4354431A (en) * 1979-08-14 1982-10-19 M.A.N.-Roland Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft Printing cylinder engagement pressure regulating system
US4423951A (en) 1982-06-29 1984-01-03 Petro-Fax Roller transfer corona apparatus
US4437754A (en) 1981-09-16 1984-03-20 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for transferring toner images
US4494858A (en) * 1983-04-28 1985-01-22 Xerox Corporation Geometric design reproducing apparatus
GB2142577A (en) * 1983-07-04 1985-01-23 Gestetner Mfg Ltd Offset printing machine
FR2597791A1 (en) * 1986-04-24 1987-10-30 Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag DEVICE FOR PRODUCING ADJUSTABLE FORCE ON PRINTING PRESSES
US4974510A (en) * 1988-11-18 1990-12-04 Veb Kombinat Polygraph "Werner Lamberz Leipzig" Drive for multi-color rotary sheet printing machine
US5038178A (en) * 1987-10-20 1991-08-06 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Image transfer member including an electroconductive layer
US5991575A (en) * 1998-05-12 1999-11-23 Oki Data Corporation Belt unit
EP0958918A1 (en) * 1998-05-22 1999-11-24 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft Device and method for semiautomatic adjustment of rollers
US6650866B1 (en) 2002-09-20 2003-11-18 Xerox Corporation Transfer apparatus
US20030235444A1 (en) * 2002-06-21 2003-12-25 Nexpress Solutions Llc Compliant intermediate transfer roller with flexible mount
RU2262450C2 (en) * 2001-03-20 2005-10-20 Кениг Унд Бауер Акциенгезельшафт Holding device
US20090180805A1 (en) * 2007-12-17 2009-07-16 Makoto Nakura Belt device and image forming apparatus

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3198648A (en) * 1961-11-30 1965-08-03 Burroughs Corp Electrostatic recording method
US3614927A (en) * 1968-07-01 1971-10-26 Adamovske Strojirny Np Means for adjusting the amount of damping liquid supplied to an offset printing machine
US3748996A (en) * 1972-04-03 1973-07-31 Ricoh Kk Wet developing device for diazo type copying machines
US3751156A (en) * 1971-10-21 1973-08-07 Agfa Gevaert Ag Electrostatic copying apparatus with means for preventing contamination of transfer material
US3842800A (en) * 1971-12-30 1974-10-22 Xerox Corp Transfer roller assembly
US3848204A (en) * 1973-09-21 1974-11-12 Xerox Corp Pressure adjustable electrophotographic printing machine transfer apparatus
US3901186A (en) * 1973-07-02 1975-08-26 Xerox Corp Transfer roller assembly

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3198648A (en) * 1961-11-30 1965-08-03 Burroughs Corp Electrostatic recording method
US3614927A (en) * 1968-07-01 1971-10-26 Adamovske Strojirny Np Means for adjusting the amount of damping liquid supplied to an offset printing machine
US3751156A (en) * 1971-10-21 1973-08-07 Agfa Gevaert Ag Electrostatic copying apparatus with means for preventing contamination of transfer material
US3842800A (en) * 1971-12-30 1974-10-22 Xerox Corp Transfer roller assembly
US3748996A (en) * 1972-04-03 1973-07-31 Ricoh Kk Wet developing device for diazo type copying machines
US3901186A (en) * 1973-07-02 1975-08-26 Xerox Corp Transfer roller assembly
US3848204A (en) * 1973-09-21 1974-11-12 Xerox Corp Pressure adjustable electrophotographic printing machine transfer apparatus

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4354431A (en) * 1979-08-14 1982-10-19 M.A.N.-Roland Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft Printing cylinder engagement pressure regulating system
US4437754A (en) 1981-09-16 1984-03-20 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for transferring toner images
US4423951A (en) 1982-06-29 1984-01-03 Petro-Fax Roller transfer corona apparatus
US4494858A (en) * 1983-04-28 1985-01-22 Xerox Corporation Geometric design reproducing apparatus
GB2142577A (en) * 1983-07-04 1985-01-23 Gestetner Mfg Ltd Offset printing machine
FR2597791A1 (en) * 1986-04-24 1987-10-30 Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag DEVICE FOR PRODUCING ADJUSTABLE FORCE ON PRINTING PRESSES
GB2190043A (en) * 1986-04-24 1987-11-11 Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag Printing press component controlling device
GB2190043B (en) * 1986-04-24 1990-09-19 Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag Printing press component controlling device
US5038178A (en) * 1987-10-20 1991-08-06 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Image transfer member including an electroconductive layer
US4974510A (en) * 1988-11-18 1990-12-04 Veb Kombinat Polygraph "Werner Lamberz Leipzig" Drive for multi-color rotary sheet printing machine
US5991575A (en) * 1998-05-12 1999-11-23 Oki Data Corporation Belt unit
EP0958918A1 (en) * 1998-05-22 1999-11-24 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft Device and method for semiautomatic adjustment of rollers
RU2262450C2 (en) * 2001-03-20 2005-10-20 Кениг Унд Бауер Акциенгезельшафт Holding device
US20030235444A1 (en) * 2002-06-21 2003-12-25 Nexpress Solutions Llc Compliant intermediate transfer roller with flexible mount
US6735411B2 (en) * 2002-06-21 2004-05-11 Nexpress Solutions Llc Compliant intermediate transfer roller with flexible mount
US6650866B1 (en) 2002-09-20 2003-11-18 Xerox Corporation Transfer apparatus
US20090180805A1 (en) * 2007-12-17 2009-07-16 Makoto Nakura Belt device and image forming apparatus
US8238793B2 (en) * 2007-12-17 2012-08-07 Ricoh Company, Limited Belt device and image forming apparatus having a belt correcting unit and an adjusting unit
US8577261B2 (en) 2007-12-17 2013-11-05 Ricoh Company, Limited Belt device and image forming apparatus

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