US394883A - Dynamo-electric machine - Google Patents

Description

2 Sheets-Sheet 1'.

(No Model.)

G. W. RIETHMANN.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

No. 894,883. Patented Dec. 18, 1888.

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mm a Wffy Lilhognpher. Washmgflm. 04 C.

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

G. W. RIETHMANN.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

No. 394,883 Patented Dec. 18, 1888.

INVENTOR,

ATTORNEY,

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UNITED STATES PATENT EEicE.

GEORGE \V. RllElHMANh OE DENVER, COLORADO.

DYNAMO=ELECTRIC MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 394,883, dated December 18, 1888. Application filed March 10, 1888. Serial No. 266,918. (No model.)

To [LZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, GEORGE \Y. RIETH- MANN, a citizen of the United States of Amen ica, residing at Denver, in the county of Arapahoe and State of Colorado, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in D ynamo-Electric Machines, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

My invention relates to dynamoelectric machines, adapted, however, for use both for the translationinto electric energy of power communicated thereto or for the translation into power of electric energy supplied thereto. Its objects are to furnish an electric machine capable of use either as a generator or a motor, of simple and economical construction, exceedingly compact, yet very efficient, and furnishing a large output for the amount of material involved in its construction and of power supplied to it, to which ends it consists in the features and combinations more particularly hereinafter described and claimed.

In practicing my invention a single field-- magnet is used, whose core and its polar extensions are formed in one piece, the polar extensions extending at right angles from the body of the core, or the portion upon which the field coil or coils are placed, and they are preferably shaped at their extremities to partially embrace and surround the rotating armature. This core and its extensions are first cast together as a single homogeneous piece. There are then drilled or bored lengthwise of the core proper two or more bolt-holes, the number depending on the size of the machine and the area of the core in cross-section, while several small holes are drilled or boredtransversely through the core at or about at what will be the neutral line of the completed fieldmagnet.

sections at about such neutral line, each sec tion being composed of half the core proper and one polar extension. \Vhile the (-ore might be divided by cutting or sawing, this method is preferable, in that when the two halves are reunited and secured together by bolts passing through the len gthwise apertures first formed a more perfectin fact, a practically perfectmagnetic union of the two parts Wedgcs are applied to these latter i holes, ln'caking the core into two halves or i is secured, for inasmuch as such apertures were formed prior to the separation the action of the bolts passed. therethrough brings exactly into contact again the grains, crystals, and surfaces separated by the fracture. The coil is separately wound and formed, for which purpose two plates or heads for the coil are used, of non-magnetic metal, each with a central aperture fitting over the body of the core. These heads are united by a sheet of metal, preferably sheet-iron, of a length equal to that proposed for the coil, and of a contour in cross-section fitting around and corresponding to that of the core, the sheet metal so arranged forming a shell or casing, upon which the coil is wound between the plates or heads. Preferably the field-coil is formed of two in dependent coilsau inner one of comparatively large wire and low resistance, to be connected directly in the circuit, and an outer one of comparatively finer wire and higher resistance, to be connected in a sh nut-circuit. \Yithin the casing and the coils so formed thereupon the halves of the field-core are slipped and secured together by bolts passed through the lengthwisebolt-holes. Thepolar extensions are concavcd, and within the concavity-the field of force is rotatably placed an armature of the Pacinotti or, as it is more frequently termed, the (jrammering type, connected up in the usual way to the commutator, upon which take the ordinary commutator-ln'uslies secured in ln'ush-carricrs support ed by an arm or lever arranged to swing upon the axis of the armature and ci'mnnutator, so that the points of take-off may be varied between the extremes of maximum and minimum lead. To adjust the pressure of the brushes upon the commutator, they are supported in carriers of peculiar constriu-tion. They are secured by a proper sot-screw in a small opcnended oblong metal box, whose sides depend near the rear end, forminga saddle, so to speak,the sides being perforated to take upon a supporting-arm. livotally supported upon the same arm and wit hin the sides of such saddle is a block having a set-screw, by which it maybe locked in any desired position upon the supporting-arm. From this block an arm projects first downwardly and then to the front, ending about beneath the front of the box holding the brush, to which it is coin the connnutator 12, of usual construction,

nccted by a spring. The block may then be turned to give greater or less tensionio the spring", which tension is communicated to the brush, the block at the same time securing the brush-holder against latenl movement upon its supporting-arm' The construction thus generally set forth may be better understood by reference to the drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a front view or elevation of a machine embodying my invention; Fig. 2, a longitudinal vertical section of the lieldmag net and polar extensions; Fig. 3, a top view of the commutator and brushes; Fig. 4, a side view of a brush holder and adjuster; Fig. 5, a rear end View of Fig. t; Fig. 13, a diagram of the eircuit-coimections.

In the figures, the reference-n umeral. 1 indicates the outer portion, and 2 the inner portion, of the field coil or coils. These are wound and formed on a shell or casing consisting of the heads 26 20, each having a central aperture, permitting it to be slipped over and upon the field-core and joined by a casing, 9, of sheet metal, secured at its ends to the heads and forming a shell, which closely surrounds and fits upon the said core. Upon such shell is first wound the coil 2, of relatively large wire, and thereupon is then. wound the coil 1, of relatively small wire.

The field-core 3 is provided with the polar extensions 4 5 at right angles thereto, and properly shaped to receive the armature or inductorium between them. 3, 4, and 5 are first east in one piece, and bolt-holes are then drilled lengthwise through the body 3 for the reception of bolts 7, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 2, the number thereof depending upon the size of the core. The core is then divided at or about the neutral line, the two halves of the core slipped into the shell carrying the coil, and then reunited by the bolts 7. As giving a better and practically perfect line of reunion after separation, the separation is preferably made by breakage or clearage, to which end several transverse apertures are made through the core at or near the neutral line, as indicated by the dotted lines 29 in Fig. 2,into which apertures wedges are forced, making the line of breakage 6, the bolts 7 afterward bringing the faces of the separated parts into the same contact and relation as before the separation.

For convenience of securing the machine upon a proper base, lugs or brackets 8 may be formed upon the base of the field-core and lower polar extension, through which may be placed bolts, screws, or any other suitable fastening devices.

The armature 10 is, as stated, of the usual Pacinotti or Gramme ring type, and is mounted on a shaft, 1.1, journaled in suitable bearings. Upon one end of the shaft a crank or a pulley is to be secured for transmitting motion to .or from the armature, as the case may be. Near the other end of the shaft 11 upon which take the ordinary brushes, 17. U'u'on the extreme end of the shaft rotatably mounted the lever-arm 13, from whose extremes project inwardly the arms 15, on which are supported the ln'ush-holders 1G. The arm 13 is provided with a lever-handle, 11, by which it may be readily turned, and whose inner endis formed into a set-screw seated in. 1-3 and taking upon the shaft 11, so as to lock the arm 13 thereon at any desired point or position. Each ln-ush-holder 16 formed as an open-ended box, in which is placed a brush, 1.7, a set-screw, 18, serving to clamp the same firmly therein. From or near the rear of 16 its sides depend, such two depending sides, 27 and 28, forming a saddle, they being perforated to enable them to be properly journaled on 15. Between these sides 27 28 there is also journaled upon a block, 19, from which projects the bent arm 20, whose free end is connected to the inner end of 1G by a spring, 21. 15) is also provided with a set-screw, 22, by which it may be locked in any position on 15. It is readily seen that if 22 be loosened the block 19 and arm 20 may be turned to give any desired tension to spring 21, and consequently the same tension or pull to the brushes 17 upon the face of the commutator 12, and that 16 and 19 may be moved longitudinally to take upon any desired point on the face of the commutator, the tightening then of the set-screw 22 serving to maintain them in such position and relation.

The circuit-connections are shown diagrammatically in Fig. 0, the main field-coil being in the direct main circuit while the other coil, 1, of finer wire and greater resistance, is in the shunt 24, the exterior circuit being here represented by 25. This construction forms an exceedingly compact machine and of very economical construction, yet of great efficiency and of large output in proportion to the material used and the power applied. In practice a machine occupying less than twothirds of a cubic foot of space, weighing less than eighty-five pounds, and absorbing but little more than two-horse power has run twenty onc-hundred-volt incandescent lamps at full sixteen-candlepower withoutreaching the full limit of its capacity.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is- 1. The combination of a field-core and polar extension cast in one piece and divided by breaking at or near the neutral line, means for uniting these separated parts, a field-coil upon the core, a revolving armature, and a commutator, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination, in a field-magnet, of a core and polar extensions east in one piece and then divided by breaking at or near the neutral line, means for reuniting the separated parts, and afield-coil formed on a separate shell and slipped upon the core, substantially set forth.

3. The combination of an ope'n-einled box holding a commutator-brush and having perforated depending sides at its rear journaling upon a supporting-arm, a block jonrnalecl on the same arm between such sides and having a projecting arm, and a spring extending from such projecting arm to the box, and a set or lockin g screw in the block, substantially as set forth.

4. The combination of a core, 3,11axingextensions et 5 and broken at 6, bolts 7, uniting the separate parts, heatls or encls 26, a con necting shell or casing, fl, carrying the fieldl l I coil, a rotating armature, commutator, and circuit-eonnections, substantially as set torth.

5. The combination. of a brush, 17, box 1H, 7

having depending perforated sides 27 2S, arm 15,1)1001: 1.), set-screw 2;, arm 20, and spring 21, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I at'lix my signatn re in presence of two witnesses. GEORGE \Y. Witnesses:

Z. F. WILBER, .ToHN KUCHAN.

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