US394035A - Electric motor - Google Patents

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US394035A
US394035A US394035DA US394035A US 394035 A US394035 A US 394035A US 394035D A US394035D A US 394035DA US 394035 A US394035 A US 394035A
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magnet
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P7/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors
    • H02P7/06—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current
    • H02P7/18—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power
    • H02P7/24—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02P7/28—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
    • H02P7/285—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling armature supply only
    • H02P7/288—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling armature supply only using variable impedance

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  • T0 all wle/0m, t may coll/cern:
  • My invention relates to improvements in electric motors, and more especially in motors designed for the propulsion of vehicles, the object being to assemble and combine the several co-operating parts of a complete electro-dynamic motor or engine in a single structure.
  • Figure l is a view in elevation showing an electro-dynamic motor constructed according' to my invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation of the resistance-box and switch.
  • Fig. 3 is a plan view of one layer or section of resistance-coils.
  • Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view showing the internal structure, arrangement, and electrical relationship of the several parts.
  • a single field-magnet, A is provided with magnetiZing-coils a a', fitted upon opposite end portions of an iron core formed with a central projecting part, B, at the neutral line.
  • polepieces C D From the ends of the core A extend polepieces C D, between which is mounted an armature, E, preferably of the well known Gramme type, the shaft e of which passes through a suitable bearing formed in the neutral part B of the field-magnet core, being provided with a pulley, F, or other power-transmitting device, at its said outer extremity.
  • the opposite end of the armature-shaft e is supported in a bearing, F, formed in the end of a suitable arm or bracket, f, secured to the lower edge of the pole-piece D.
  • Commutatorbrush-holding devices G are provided, by
  • l means of which commutator-brushes g g are sustained in operative relation upon the comnnitator-cylinder E.
  • lithin the box H are arranged a number of layers, I I, of resistance-coils, above which is a surface, .I, provided at its upper side with a number of terminals numbered consecutively from l to 2G, and arranged in segmental order in the path of the free end ot' a pivf oted switch-lever, K, provided with an opel'- ating-handle, K, on the exterior of the box II, said handle being also provided with an indicator, K2, it' desired.
  • the layers I of resistances referred to are constructed as follows: Upon a thoroughly-insulated frame, t', or frame constructed wholly of insulating' material, adapted to be fitted into the box H, are secured at opposite sides a number of thin strips or pieces of metal, ZV' and between the metallic strips 7c 7.1 are stretched a series of spiral springs, L, of German-silver or iron wire, of a size calculated to afford the desired resistance.
  • the resistancecoils L are attached to the strips K, so that eacli layer or frame may constitute a single series. As indicated, one end ot the first coil is connected to a single terminal, 7.a', its opposite extremity being connected to a strip of sufficient width to also receive one end ot' the next succeeding coil.
  • Independent connections l extend from each of the connecting-strips 7s 7i. at one side ot' the frame, so that connection may be made with any desired portion of each layer of resistance-coils. Any desired numberof resistance-coils L may be employed. As herein shown, however, only three layers, I, of resistance-coils are placed in the box II, the series of terminals representing each layer be- IOO ing indicated at Fig. 1, at Z Z Z2. As seen in Fig. 2, the last coil of one layer is connected to the iirst coil of the succeeding one by conductors Z4, so that all the resistance-coils are connected in series. The resistance-coils are connected by the terminals Z Zl Z2 to consecutive switch-terminals 1 to 19.
  • the field-magnets of my improved motor are so wound and connected that they include, first, a winding, b b, Fig. Li, calculated, when connected in a working-circuit in multiple arc, to maintain the desired strength of magnetic iield when the armature is rotating at its highest speed, the armature then developing the maximum counter electro-motive force,
  • r1 ⁇ he field-magnet coils Z) ZJ are connected to switcli-terminal 2G by the conductor 27, which is connected to both of ⁇ said coils in multiple arc by the branch conductors 28 and Successive coils 1) b2 b3 b4 Zr" b bl are superposed upon the windings Z1 b, and also connected in multiple arc by conductors 30 31 32 33 Si 35 37 38 39 40 i1 42 43, and with the switch-terminals 25 24 2S 22 21 2O 19 through conductors ii 45 4G 47 48 Li9 50.
  • the conductor 50 leading to the exterior coils of the iield-magnet,is connected to switchblock 19, which, it will be noted, is for convenience made of larger size than the others, and receives also the terminal of the last of the resistancesjthe outer end of the entire series of resistances being thus connected to the outer end of the entire series of field-magnet coils. It will thus be seen that when connection is made with block No. 1 oi' the switch the circuit will be completed through all the resistances L in series and through the entire system of field-magnet coils in multiple series.
  • the actuatingcurrent is supplied to the armature through conductor 51, passing into and through the armature, and issuing thence through conductor 52, the current enters the switch-lever K, passing therethrough and through one or more of the resistances L in series, and through the entire system of field-magnet coils in multiple series, issuing through conductor 53, to which both held-magnet terminals are attached.
  • the switch-lever As the switch-lever is moved successively from the switch-terminal 19 to 20 21 22, dac., the auxiliary eld-magnet coils will be cut out, and it should be so moved as the speed ot the motor increases until, when the desired speed has been attained and the required counter electro-motive torce developed in the armature, the switch-lever will be placed upon the terminal 26, (representing what I have called the normal7 field-magnet coils b b,) thus reducing the motor, when in full operation, to only those parts which are essential thereto.
  • the upper surface of the division J, upon which the switch-terminals are placed, should be covered or formed ot non-combustible material to prevent injury from the sparks formed when the circuitis opened and on cutting the motor out to stop it.
  • l iind it convenient, also, to provide a block of slate, ill, or similar material, arranged adjacent to and on the same plane as the .first ot the series of' switch-terminals. Then the motor is not in operation, the switch-level.l K should be turned until the moving contactj rests upon the said block M, as indicated in Fig. 4. To start the motor the lever K should be turned until the contact j is upon switch-terminal 1.
  • the motor-circuit is then closed and the current from the armature must iiow through all the resistances in series and then through all the fieldmagnet coils in multiple series, thus, in the absence of the retarding et't'ect of counter electro-motive force in the armature, interposing the total wire resistance and preventing an abnormal rush ot' current and the consequent danger ot short-circuiting the generator or overheating the coils of the motor.
  • the additional iield-magnet coils in circuit vproduce a higher degree of magnetism in the iield of force and exercise a more powerful pull upon the armature, enabling it to develop at low speed the additional power necessary to start its load.
  • an electro-dynamic motor the combination of a continuous series of insulated terminals, a movable contact adapted to engage said terminals successively, a plurality of resistance-coils connected in series and divided into sections, each section connected to a separate terminal of the switch series, and a sectional field-magnet the parts of which are separately connected to the remaining' terminals ot' the switch, the last coil of the resistance and the Iirst coil of the field-magnet bein g connected to the same terminal, substantially as described.
  • a field-magnet provided with main and auxiliary coils, said coils being ⁇ wound and connected in two separate portions arranged in multiple relation to each other, connections extending from said multiple-arc coils to part of the terminals of a switch, and a series of resistances connected to other terminals of said switch, and arranged to be thereby connected in series with the coils ot the field-magnet, substantially as described.
  • a field-magnet wound with main and auxiliary magnetizing-coils comprising a series of separated terminals, to part ot which the said coils are connected, an electric connection between one of the commutatorbrushes and a movable switch-lever, whereby any desired portion ot ⁇ the auxiliary coils may be placed in circuit with the armature or the auxiliary coils entirely cut out, and an adjustable resistance connected to the remaining' switch-terminals and arrz'ing'cd to be by said switch combined in whole or in part with the said field-magnet coils, substantially as dcscribed.
  • a field-magnet provided with main and auxiliary magnetizing'-coils, a switch located upon the motor and provided with a series ot ⁇ separate terminals, to part of which the field-magnet coils are separately connected, a series ot' resistance-coils connected to other separate terminals of the same switch, a switch-lever for contact with any ot said terminals, and an electric connection between one of' the ccmnnitator-brushes and said switch-lever, whereby all or a part ol' the resistance, together with the field-magnet coils, or the field-magnet coils alone, or any portion thereof, may be placed in circuit with the armature, substantially as described.

Description

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.
C. J. VAN DEPOELE.
ELECTRIC MOTOR.
No. 394,035. Patented Deo. 4, 1888.
(No Model.)
2 Sheets-Sheet 2.
C. J. VAN DEPOELE.
BLEGTRIG MOTOR.
Patented Deo. 4, 1888.
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ChrZes I VmepoeLe N. PUUIS. Pnanrmhngmpha. wmmgwn. 11C
UNITED STATES PATENT @Errea CHARLES J. VAN DEPCELE, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.
ELECTRIC MOTOR.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 394,035, dated December 4, 1888.
Application filed J une 6, 1888.
T0 all wle/0m, t may coll/cern:
Be it known that I, CHARLES J. VAN DE- POELE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook, State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electric-Railway )Iotors, of which the following is a description.
My invention relates to improvements in electric motors, and more especially in motors designed for the propulsion of vehicles, the object being to assemble and combine the several co-operating parts of a complete electro-dynamic motor or engine in a single structure.
The principles of construction and operation an d the details of the arrangement of my improved motor will be hereinafter fully set forth, and referred to in the appended claims.
In the drawings illustrating my invention, Figure l is a view in elevation showing an electro-dynamic motor constructed according' to my invention. Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation of the resistance-box and switch. Fig. 3 is a plan view of one layer or section of resistance-coils. Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view showing the internal structure, arrangement, and electrical relationship of the several parts.
Similar letters denote like parts throughout. v
The general plan of my motor is substantially similar to that shown and described in Letters Patent No. 347,902, dated August 24, 1886, but which for convenience will be briedy described herein.
A single field-magnet, A, is provided with magnetiZing-coils a a', fitted upon opposite end portions of an iron core formed with a central projecting part, B, at the neutral line. From the ends of the core A extend polepieces C D, between which is mounted an armature, E, preferably of the well known Gramme type, the shaft e of which passes through a suitable bearing formed in the neutral part B of the field-magnet core, being provided with a pulley, F, or other power-transmitting device, at its said outer extremity. The opposite end of the armature-shaft e is supported in a bearing, F, formed in the end of a suitable arm or bracket, f, secured to the lower edge of the pole-piece D. Commutatorbrush-holding devices G are provided, by
l means of which commutator-brushes g g are sustained in operative relation upon the comnnitator-cylinder E. Cn top of the upper pole-piece, C, is placed a box, H, which may be constructed of any suitable non-conducting or non-combustible material. A structure formed of wood provided with a lining of asbestus` 71, is found to answer every purpose. lithin the box H are arranged a number of layers, I I, of resistance-coils, above which is a surface, .I, provided at its upper side with a number of terminals numbered consecutively from l to 2G, and arranged in segmental order in the path of the free end ot' a pivf oted switch-lever, K, provided with an opel'- ating-handle, K, on the exterior of the box II, said handle being also provided with an indicator, K2, it' desired.
The layers I of resistances referred to are constructed as follows: Upon a thoroughly-insulated frame, t', or frame constructed wholly of insulating' material, adapted to be fitted into the box H, are secured at opposite sides a number of thin strips or pieces of metal, ZV' and between the metallic strips 7c 7.1 are stretched a series of spiral springs, L, of German-silver or iron wire, of a size calculated to afford the desired resistance. The resistancecoils L are attached to the strips K, so that eacli layer or frame may constitute a single series. As indicated, one end ot the first coil is connected to a single terminal, 7.a', its opposite extremity being connected to a strip of sufficient width to also receive one end ot' the next succeeding coil. The successive coils being connected at each end to strips to which also are connected the ends of preceding coils, series connection between the coils L will be established through the metallic strips to which their extremities are attached, the end of the last coil being connected to a single strip, 7c', as in the first instance.
Independent connections l extend from each of the connecting-strips 7s 7i. at one side ot' the frame, so that connection may be made with any desired portion of each layer of resistance-coils. Any desired numberof resistance-coils L may be employed. As herein shown, however, only three layers, I, of resistance-coils are placed in the box II, the series of terminals representing each layer be- IOO ing indicated at Fig. 1, at Z Z Z2. As seen in Fig. 2, the last coil of one layer is connected to the iirst coil of the succeeding one by conductors Z4, so that all the resistance-coils are connected in series. The resistance-coils are connected by the terminals Z Zl Z2 to consecutive switch-terminals 1 to 19.
The field-magnets of my improved motor are so wound and connected that they include, first, a winding, b b, Fig. Li, calculated, when connected in a working-circuit in multiple arc, to maintain the desired strength of magnetic iield when the armature is rotating at its highest speed, the armature then developing the maximum counter electro-motive force,
which acts as a resistance to prevent more than the desired flow of current through said field-magnet coils. r1`he field-magnet coils Z) ZJ are connected to switcli-terminal 2G by the conductor 27, which is connected to both of `said coils in multiple arc by the branch conductors 28 and Successive coils 1) b2 b3 b4 Zr" b bl are superposed upon the windings Z1 b, and also connected in multiple arc by conductors 30 31 32 33 Si 35 37 38 39 40 i1 42 43, and with the switch-terminals 25 24 2S 22 21 2O 19 through conductors ii 45 4G 47 48 Li9 50. The conductor 50, leading to the exterior coils of the iield-magnet,is connected to switchblock 19, which, it will be noted, is for convenience made of larger size than the others, and receives also the terminal of the last of the resistancesjthe outer end of the entire series of resistances being thus connected to the outer end of the entire series of field-magnet coils. It will thus be seen that when connection is made with block No. 1 oi' the switch the circuit will be completed through all the resistances L in series and through the entire system of field-magnet coils in multiple series. As ordinarily operated, the actuatingcurrent is supplied to the armature through conductor 51, passing into and through the armature, and issuing thence through conductor 52, the current enters the switch-lever K, passing therethrough and through one or more of the resistances L in series, and through the entire system of field-magnet coils in multiple series, issuing through conductor 53, to which both held-magnet terminals are attached.
When the switch-lever is turned until the contact-block; rests upon the switch-terminal 19, the entire series of resistances will be cut out and the current will enter the fieldmagnet through its exterior coils, passing thence to the interior and out through conductor 53, the two portions of the fieldmagnet being shown, as indicated, in multi- It will, however, be obviously within the scope of my invention, where greater resistance is desired, to permanently connect the field-magnet coils to form a single series, instead of a double one, as shown.
As the switch-lever is moved successively from the switch-terminal 19 to 20 21 22, dac., the auxiliary eld-magnet coils will be cut out, and it should be so moved as the speed ot the motor increases until, when the desired speed has been attained and the required counter electro-motive torce developed in the armature, the switch-lever will be placed upon the terminal 26, (representing what I have called the normal7 field-magnet coils b b,) thus reducing the motor, when in full operation, to only those parts which are essential thereto. The upper surface of the division J, upon which the switch-terminals are placed, should be covered or formed ot non-combustible material to prevent injury from the sparks formed when the circuitis opened and on cutting the motor out to stop it. l iind it convenient, also, to provide a block of slate, ill, or similar material, arranged adjacent to and on the same plane as the .first ot the series of' switch-terminals. Then the motor is not in operation, the switch-level.l K should be turned until the moving contactj rests upon the said block M, as indicated in Fig. 4. To start the motor the lever K should be turned until the contact j is upon switch-terminal 1. The motor-circuit is then closed and the current from the armature must iiow through all the resistances in series and then through all the fieldmagnet coils in multiple series, thus, in the absence of the retarding et't'ect of counter electro-motive force in the armature, interposing the total wire resistance and preventing an abnormal rush ot' current and the consequent danger ot short-circuiting the generator or overheating the coils of the motor. The additional iield-magnet coils in circuit vproduce a higher degree of magnetism in the iield of force and exercise a more powerful pull upon the armature, enabling it to develop at low speed the additional power necessary to start its load. As the speed of rotation of the armature increases and counter electro -motive force is developed, the internal resistance of the motor will increase until it is sufiiciently high to prevent danger of short-circuiting the generator when the switch-lever K is turned and the resistance gradually cut out. Usually when the block 19 is reached a short pause will be made to give the armature time to reach the desired speed, when the switch -lever is gradually moved to the terminal 26 and the auxiliary field-magnet coils cut out.
Having described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure byLetters Patent, 1s-
1. In an electro-dynamic motor, the combination of a held-magnet wound with separable coils, a switch upon the motor provided with a continuous series ot insulated terminals, connections between the portions of the held-magnet coils and part of the terminals of said switch, a series of artiiicial resistances connected to the remaining terminals of the switch, and a moving terminal and means for operating the same,whereby any portion of the artificial resistance may be connected in series with the held-magnet coils, or cut out altogether, substantially as described.
IOO
IIO
2. ln an electro-dynamic motor, the combination of a continuous series of insulated terminals, a movable contact adapted to engage said terminals successively, a plurality of resistance-coils connected in series and divided into sections, each section connected to a separate terminal of the switch series, and a sectional field-magnet the parts of which are separately connected to the remaining' terminals ot' the switch, the last coil of the resistance and the Iirst coil of the field-magnet bein g connected to the same terminal, substantially as described.
3. In an electro-dynamic motor, the combination of a field-magnet woundwith divisible magnetizing-coils, a switch having a series of separated terminals and connections between the said divisible iield-magnet coils and part of said terminals, and a series ot' artificial resistances connected to other terminals ot` the said switch and adapted to be thereby connected in series with the field-magnet coils, substantially as described.
4. In an electro-dynamic motor, a field-magnet provided with main and auxiliary coils, said coils being` wound and connected in two separate portions arranged in multiple relation to each other, connections extending from said multiple-arc coils to part of the terminals of a switch, and a series of resistances connected to other terminals of said switch, and arranged to be thereby connected in series with the coils ot the field-magnet, substantially as described.
5. In an electro-dynamic motor, a field-magnet wound with main and auxiliary magnetizing-coils, a switch upon said motor comprising a series of separated terminals, to part ot which the said coils are connected, an electric connection between one of the commutatorbrushes and a movable switch-lever, whereby any desired portion ot` the auxiliary coils may be placed in circuit with the armature or the auxiliary coils entirely cut out, and an adjustable resistance connected to the remaining' switch-terminals and arrz'ing'cd to be by said switch combined in whole or in part with the said field-magnet coils, substantially as dcscribed.
6. In an electro-dynamic motor, a field-magnet provided with main and auxiliary magnetizing'-coils, a switch located upon the motor and provided with a series ot` separate terminals, to part of which the field-magnet coils are separately connected, a series ot' resistance-coils connected to other separate terminals of the same switch, a switch-lever for contact with any ot said terminals, and an electric connection between one of' the ccmnnitator-brushes and said switch-lever, whereby all or a part ol' the resistance, together with the field-magnet coils, or the field-magnet coils alone, or any portion thereof, may be placed in circuit with the armature, substantially as described.
In testimony whereof l hereto at'ix my signature in presence ot two witnesses.
CHARLES J. VAN DEPOELE.
lVitnesses:
W. A. STILES, JOHN Eason.
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