US3910149A - Electronic musical instrument capable of transposition - Google Patents

Electronic musical instrument capable of transposition Download PDF

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Publication number
US3910149A
US3910149A US405643A US40564373A US3910149A US 3910149 A US3910149 A US 3910149A US 405643 A US405643 A US 405643A US 40564373 A US40564373 A US 40564373A US 3910149 A US3910149 A US 3910149A
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Prior art keywords
pulse
oscillator
counter
frequency
circuit
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Expired - Lifetime
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US405643A
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English (en)
Inventor
Nobuharu Obayashi
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Kawai Musical Instrument Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Kawai Musical Instrument Manufacturing Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H5/00—Instruments in which the tones are generated by means of electronic generators
    • G10H5/02—Instruments in which the tones are generated by means of electronic generators using generation of basic tones
    • G10H5/06—Instruments in which the tones are generated by means of electronic generators using generation of basic tones tones generated by frequency multiplication or division of a basic tone
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F7/00—Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
    • G06F7/60—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using a digital non-denominational number representation, i.e. number representation without radix; Computing devices using combinations of denominational and non-denominational quantity representations, e.g. using difunction pulse trains, STEELE computers, phase computers
    • G06F7/68—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using a digital non-denominational number representation, i.e. number representation without radix; Computing devices using combinations of denominational and non-denominational quantity representations, e.g. using difunction pulse trains, STEELE computers, phase computers using pulse rate multipliers or dividers pulse rate multipliers or dividers per se
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H1/18—Selecting circuits
    • G10H1/20—Selecting circuits for transposition

Definitions

  • the 3,023,659 3/1962 Bode 84/445 AND-gate circuit is Opened by the Pulse of the first 3,030,848 4/1962 wick 84/445 order and is closed by a pulse of one of the proper 0r- 3, 10,300 10 1971 p h 34 101 ders.
  • the pulse-counter circuit is reset by a pulse of 3,674,907 7/1972 Derry 84/1.0l the last of the proper orders.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the relationship between keys and key signals
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an octave fre- This invention relates to electronic musical instruquency divider; ments capable of transposition.
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing one embodiment of this invention; BACKGROUND
  • FIG. 4 is a signal diagram explaining the operation In an ordinary keyed instrument, natural keys are h f, p y for natural tones and Chromatic y are
  • FIG. 5 is a further signal diagram explaining the operployed for derivative tones. When flat families or sharp ti of th i vention; and families are played in this kind of instrument, trans- FIG, 6 i t another explanatory signal diagram. posed tones require the use of the chromatic keys.
  • D major begins with the D keys are respectively used for natural and derivative tone. Accordingly, certain natural keys and certain t A hown in FIG, 1, for C major, C, D, E, F, G, chromatic keys must be pressed.
  • a B C the operation of A B C are l d b i g natural keys K1, K3, K5, chromatic keys is required for transposition and this re- K6, K8, K10, K12, K13.
  • FIG. 2 shows one example of an octave frequency disharp families can be played by using only natural keys vider. It comprises twelve counter circuits 20-1 in alm st h m man as in h Ca Of C j 20-12 connected in parallel with one another. The fre- Generally, this is accomplished by the shifting of the quency dividing ratios thereof are l/239, 1/253 frequencies of sound sources associated with and relat- 1/451 a hown. ing to the respective keys. If it is desired that an oscillation frequency of According to the invention, in a musical instrument 8372.02 Hz be obtained from the first counter Circuit capable of transposition, a high-frequency oscillator is 20-1, the input frequency f, will be 2.00024 MHZ.
  • the frequencies divider comprising twelve counter circuits to produce obtained at the respective output terminals 0 of the twelve tone signals based on a twelve tempered scale.
  • counter circuits 20-1 20-12 are hown und r C These tone signals are respectively frequency-divided major in the following Table 1. If the input frequency by counter circuits to obtain a plurality of octavetone is varied to 1.88956 MHz, the output frequencies of the signals.
  • An AND-gate circuit is interposed between the ounter circuits 20-1 20-12 become those shown high-frequency oscillator and the octave frequency dinde B major in Table l. vider.
  • a pulsecounter circuit for counting output pulses By varying the input frequency, the output frequenof the high-frequency oscillator is provided so that a cies of the counter circuits 20-1 20-12 are varied. pulse of the first order and pulses of proper orders In greater detail, by properly varying the input fre- Other than th first d r Can be ta Out .1 the utput quency, the output frequencies of the counter circuits side of the pulse-counter circuit.
  • the AND-gate circuit 20-1 20-12 are trans osed as shown in Table 1. Acis closed by the pulse of the first of the proper orders cordingly, by simply varying the input frequency, a and the pulse-counter circuit is reset by the pulse of the player can play any desired family in almost the same last of the proper orders. manner as in the case of C major.
  • the high-frequency oscillator 10 is required to be of high accuracy.
  • a highly accurate oscillator such as a quartz oscillator or a tuning fork oscillator
  • an LC oscillator such as a back coupling type oscillator or a Hartley oscillator
  • this kind of oscillator is low in stability and varies in frequency depending on temperature change or secular change so that the same is not suitable for use.
  • the input frequency for the octave frequency divider can be varied by using an oscillator which is high in accuracy and is difficult to change in frequency such as a quartz oscillator or a tuning fork oscillator.
  • the invention provides for the use of such an oscillator by the feature of changing the output frequency of the oscillator by a control effected between the oscillator and octave frequency divider.
  • each frequency ratio is as shown in Table 2.
  • ech approximation ratio corresponding to each frequency ratio is obtained by calculation to fall within a i 5 per cent error, because an error is not important if within i 5 per cent.
  • the approximation ratios shown in Table 2 satisfy this.
  • nal This is similar with respect to from the 3rd to the 32nd order pulses.
  • a series of pulses applied to the pulsecounter circuit 50 is taken out in order from the lst to 32nd order output terminals.
  • the pulse taken out at the first output terminal is called the first order pulse
  • the pulse taken out at the second order output terminal is called the second order pulse" and so on. This is the same when the pulse-counter circuit 50 completes its counting operation and begins a new counting operation.
  • a first output terminal 70a-1 is connected to the input terminal of the AND-gate circuit 40 through a flip-flop circuit 60. If a first order pulse is sent from the high-frequency oscillator 10, the flip-flop circuit 60 is turned on and the AND-gate circuit 40 is opened by the output thereof. The output pulses sent from the high-frequency oscillator 10 are then permitted to pass through the AND-gate circuit 40.
  • component is a high-frequency oscillator and the oscillation frequency thereof is 2.00024 MHZ.
  • Component 20 is an octave frequency divider having the frequency dividing ratios shown in FIG. 2.
  • An AND-gate circuit is interposed in a connecting circuit 30 between the high-frequency oscillator 10 and the octave frequency divider 20.
  • a pulsecounter circuit counting the output pulses of the high-frequency oscillator 10 is connected to the output terminal of the oscillator 10. On the output side thereof are provided output terminals for taking out output pulses ranging from the 1st order to the 32nd order.
  • the pulse-counter circuit 50 counts a series of pulses generated by the high frequency oscillator 10.
  • the pulse-counter circuit 50 has 32 output terminals.
  • the pulse generated at the first order from the high frequency oscillator 10 is taken out from the first order output terminal.
  • the pulse of the second order is taken out from the second order output termithe orders following the said order are prevented from passing therethrough. Then, by a pulse of the order corresponding to the denominator of the same approximation ratio, the pulse-counter circuit 50 is reset.
  • a first pulse applied to the pulse counter circuit 50 is taken out as a new first order pulse at the lst output terminal of the circuit 50.
  • This new first order pulse is called a first order pulse in the next cycle.
  • the number of pulses between the pulse of the order corresponding to the numerator and the pulse of the order corresponding to the denominator are prevented from passing.
  • a number of pulses corresponding to the number of the numerator are permitted to pass. This means that pulses of a number corresponding to the approximation ratio become an input frequency for the octave frequency divider.
  • the pulse-counter circuit 50 comprises five flip-flop circuits FFl, FF2, FF3, FF4 and FFS.
  • AND-gate circuits -n are provided at the output terminals thereof. By these AND-gate circuits, pulses of the orders corresponding to the denominators and the numerators of the approximation ratios are taken out.
  • the output terminals of the flip-flop circuits FFl to FF5 are denoted by Q1, 61, Q2, 62 Q5,G5 and the combinations of the AND-gate circuits are as the logic formulae in Table 3.
  • the output terminal 70a-l of the AND-gate circuit 70-1 for taking out the first order pulse is connected to the flip-flop circuit 60.
  • Two ganged rotary switches 80 and 90 are provided.
  • the output terminals 7051-17, 7011-8 and 700-21 of the AND-gate circuits 70-17, 70-8 and 70-21, for taking out pulses of the orders corresponding to the numerators are in order connected to stationary contacts 80-1, 80-2 and 80-3 of the switch 80.
  • Movable contact 80a thereof is connected to the flip-flop circuit 60 so that, when a pulse is applied therethrough, the circuit 60 is turned off and the output thereof becomes Zero and the AND-gate circuit 40 is closed.
  • AND-gate circuits 70-18, 70-9 and 70-25 for taking out pulses of the orders corresponding to the denominators are respectively connected to stationary contacts 90-1, 90-2 and 90-3 of the switch 90.
  • Movable contact 900 thereof is connected to reset terminals of the flip-flop circuits FFl, FF2, FF3, FF4 and FF5.
  • the first stationary contacts 80-] and 90-1 of the rotary switches 80 and 90 are, for example, selected for selecting B major
  • the first order pulse FIG. 4b of the output pulses FIG. 4a which are sent out from the highfrequency oscillator 10 is applied to the flip-flop circuit 60 through the AND-gate circuit 70-1 for turning the same on to open the AND-gate circuit 40.
  • the output pulses of the high-frequency oscillator 10 are permitted to pass therethrough to become an input to the octave frequency divider 20.
  • the 17th order pulse FIG.4C1S for example, applied to the flip-flop circuit 60 through the AND-gate circuit 70-17, the first contact 80-1 and the movable contact 80a, the AND- gate circuit 40 is closed FIG. 4 e.
  • the 18th order pulse FIG. 4d is applied to the flip-flop circuits FFl, FF2, FF3, FF4 and FF5 through the AND-gate circuit 70-18, the first contact 90-1 and the movable contact 900, the flip-flop circuits FFl, FF2, FF3, FF4 and FF5 are reset.
  • the first order pulse FIG. 512 of the output pulses FIG. which are sent out from the highfrequency oscillator 10 is applied to the flip-flop circuit through the AND-gate circuit -1 for turning the same on to open the AND-gate circuit 40. Thereby, the output pulses of the high-frequency oscillator 10 are permitted to pass therethrough to become an input to the octave frequency divider 20.
  • the 8th order pulse, FIG. 50 is, for example, applied to the flip-flop circuit 60 through the AND-gate circuit 70-8, the second contact 90-2 and the movable contact a, the AND-gate circuit 40 is closed, FIG. 52,.
  • the ninth order pulse FIG. 5d is applied to the flip-flop circuits FFl ,FF2,FF3,FF4, and Ff5 through the AND- gate circuit 70-9, the second contact -2 and the movable contact 90a, the flip-flop circuits FF 1,Ff2,FF3, FF4 and FF5 are reset.
  • the pulses ranging from the 1st order to the eighth order pass through the AND-gate circuit 40 and the ninth order pulse prevented from passing.
  • the third contacts 80-3 and 90-3 are used for selecting A major, (FIG. 6) the first order pulse FIG. 6b; of the output pulses FIG. 6:1 which are sent out from the high-frequency oscillator 10 is applied to the flip-flop circuit 60 through the AND-gate circuit 40. Thereby, the output pulses of the high-frequency oscillator 10 are permitted to pass therethrough to become an input to the octave frequency divider 20. If, next, the 21st order pulse FIG. 6C2 is, for example, applied to the flip-flop circuit 60 through the AND-gate circuit 70-21, the third contact 80-3 and the movable contact 800, the AND-gate circuit 40 is closed, FIG. 6e If, then, the 25th order pulse, FIG.
  • the number of the pulses corresponding to any approximation ratio shown in TAble 2 can become the input frequency for the octave frequency divider 20, this being by means of the switching-over of the rotary switches 80 and 90.
  • any desired twenty tone signal transposition as shown in Table 2 can be obtained.
  • FIGS. 4,5, and 6 indicate the portions acting on elements 40 and 50.
  • a quartz oscillator, a tuning fork oscillator or the like which is high in accuracy can be used for the high-frequency oscillator and additionally transposition becomes possible by a simple construction.
  • the octave frequency divider 20 is of the type that the output frequency of the high-frequency oscillator 10 is frequency-divided in parallel fashion as shown in the above example, but the same may be modified to be of a type, for example, such that the output frequency is frequency-divided from a first center circuit in series fashion.
  • An electronic musical instrument comprising a high-frequency oscillator, an octave frequency divider, and adjustable means passing a selected number of pulses from said oscillator and then blocking a selected number of pulses from said oscillator; said means ineluding a gating circuit between said oscillator and octave frequency divider and a flip-flop controlling said gating circuit; said flip-flop including set and reset terminals, said adjustable means further comprising a counter coupled to said oscillator, first and second pluralities of gates coupled to said counter, and first and second selector switches respectively coupled to said pluralities of gates, one of said switches being coupled to the reset terminal of the flip-flop, the other of said switches being coupled to said counter to reset the same, said adjustable means further including a gate coupling said counter to the set terminal of said flipflop.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computational Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
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US405643A 1972-10-12 1973-10-11 Electronic musical instrument capable of transposition Expired - Lifetime US3910149A (en)

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JP47101557A JPS5217411B2 (US20050192411A1-20050901-C00001.png) 1972-10-12 1972-10-12

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3971282A (en) * 1972-04-20 1976-07-27 Kabushiki Kaisha Kawai Gakki Seisakusho Electronic musical instrument capable of transposition
US4009633A (en) * 1975-02-27 1977-03-01 Coles Donald K Electronic musical instrument
US4023457A (en) * 1975-08-21 1977-05-17 Rodgers Organ Company Organ stop switching system
US4056032A (en) * 1976-04-23 1977-11-01 Coles Donald K Musical apparatus
US4176573A (en) * 1978-10-13 1979-12-04 Kawai Musical Instrument Mfg. Co. Ltd. Intrakeyboard coupling and transposition control for a keyboard musical instrument
US4276801A (en) * 1979-11-19 1981-07-07 Yerusavage Joseph A Pedal actuated musical chord system
US4332182A (en) * 1980-01-10 1982-06-01 Reinhard Franz Apparatus for transposing passages in electronic musical instruments
EP0057062A2 (en) * 1981-01-12 1982-08-04 General Datacomm Industries, Inc. Programmable clock rate generator
US4357850A (en) * 1980-01-22 1982-11-09 Reinhard Franz Tone generator system for electronic musical instruments
US4401005A (en) * 1981-02-07 1983-08-30 Reinhard Franz Electronic keyboard-operated musical instrument

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS52406A (en) * 1975-06-23 1977-01-05 Kiyoshi Kawachi Electronic musical instrument

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3023659A (en) * 1960-07-11 1962-03-06 Wurlitzer Co Transposition apparatus for electrical musical instrument
US3030848A (en) * 1960-05-27 1962-04-24 Martin M Wick Electric organ transposing switch
US3610800A (en) * 1969-10-30 1971-10-05 North American Rockwell Digital electronic keyboard instrument with automatic transposition
US3674907A (en) * 1969-12-31 1972-07-04 Wendell A Derry Keyboard transposition of electrical musical instruments
US3800060A (en) * 1973-04-27 1974-03-26 J Hallman Keynote selector apparatus for electronic organs
US3824325A (en) * 1972-04-20 1974-07-16 Kawai Musical Instr Mfg Co Electronic musical instrument capable of transposing

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3030848A (en) * 1960-05-27 1962-04-24 Martin M Wick Electric organ transposing switch
US3023659A (en) * 1960-07-11 1962-03-06 Wurlitzer Co Transposition apparatus for electrical musical instrument
US3610800A (en) * 1969-10-30 1971-10-05 North American Rockwell Digital electronic keyboard instrument with automatic transposition
US3674907A (en) * 1969-12-31 1972-07-04 Wendell A Derry Keyboard transposition of electrical musical instruments
US3824325A (en) * 1972-04-20 1974-07-16 Kawai Musical Instr Mfg Co Electronic musical instrument capable of transposing
US3800060A (en) * 1973-04-27 1974-03-26 J Hallman Keynote selector apparatus for electronic organs

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3971282A (en) * 1972-04-20 1976-07-27 Kabushiki Kaisha Kawai Gakki Seisakusho Electronic musical instrument capable of transposition
US4009633A (en) * 1975-02-27 1977-03-01 Coles Donald K Electronic musical instrument
US4023457A (en) * 1975-08-21 1977-05-17 Rodgers Organ Company Organ stop switching system
US4056032A (en) * 1976-04-23 1977-11-01 Coles Donald K Musical apparatus
US4176573A (en) * 1978-10-13 1979-12-04 Kawai Musical Instrument Mfg. Co. Ltd. Intrakeyboard coupling and transposition control for a keyboard musical instrument
US4276801A (en) * 1979-11-19 1981-07-07 Yerusavage Joseph A Pedal actuated musical chord system
US4332182A (en) * 1980-01-10 1982-06-01 Reinhard Franz Apparatus for transposing passages in electronic musical instruments
US4357850A (en) * 1980-01-22 1982-11-09 Reinhard Franz Tone generator system for electronic musical instruments
EP0057062A2 (en) * 1981-01-12 1982-08-04 General Datacomm Industries, Inc. Programmable clock rate generator
EP0057062A3 (en) * 1981-01-12 1982-08-18 General Datacomm Industries, Inc. Programmable clock rate generator
US4401005A (en) * 1981-02-07 1983-08-30 Reinhard Franz Electronic keyboard-operated musical instrument

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JPS5217411B2 (US20050192411A1-20050901-C00001.png) 1977-05-16
JPS4960729A (US20050192411A1-20050901-C00001.png) 1974-06-12

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