US3907069A - Die with lubricating system for the extrusion of billets - Google Patents

Die with lubricating system for the extrusion of billets Download PDF

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Publication number
US3907069A
US3907069A US480047A US48004774A US3907069A US 3907069 A US3907069 A US 3907069A US 480047 A US480047 A US 480047A US 48004774 A US48004774 A US 48004774A US 3907069 A US3907069 A US 3907069A
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Prior art keywords
die
plate
extrusion
lubricant
container
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US480047A
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English (en)
Inventor
Michael J Pryor
James E Dore
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Rio Tinto Switzerland AG
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Alusuisse Holdings AG
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Application filed by Alusuisse Holdings AG filed Critical Alusuisse Holdings AG
Priority to US480047A priority Critical patent/US3907069A/en
Priority to CH760475A priority patent/CH587692A5/xx
Priority to IT24353/75A priority patent/IT1038918B/it
Priority to DE19752526818 priority patent/DE2526818A1/de
Priority to AT457975A priority patent/AT339691B/de
Priority to GB25694/75A priority patent/GB1480680A/en
Priority to FR7518952A priority patent/FR2274370A1/fr
Priority to NL7507188A priority patent/NL7507188A/xx
Priority to JP50073606A priority patent/JPS5113358A/ja
Priority to BE157409A priority patent/BE830332A/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3907069A publication Critical patent/US3907069A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/32—Lubrication of metal being extruded or of dies, or the like, e.g. physical state of lubricant, location where lubricant is applied
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
    • C10M2201/062—Oxides; Hydroxides; Carbonates or bicarbonates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C10M2201/081—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing halogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C10M2201/082—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing nitrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C10M2201/084—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
    • C10M2203/022—Well-defined aliphatic compounds saturated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
    • C10M2203/024—Well-defined aliphatic compounds unsaturated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/04—Well-defined cycloaliphatic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/041—Triaryl phosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/24—Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/241—Manufacturing joint-less pipes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/242—Hot working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/243—Cold working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/246—Iron or steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/247—Stainless steel

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An extrusion die in a container wherein a plate is recessed in the die and is positioned between a billet to be extruded and the face of the die. On at least one of the adjacent faces of the die and plate there is a knurled surface.
  • the region formed between the plate and the die forrris a passageway for lubricant t0 the extrusion die so that the lubricant may aid in the extrusion of a billet.
  • the knurled surface has 10 to 50 grooves per inch, and the grooves have a depth of 0.0005 to 0.02 inches.
  • a sea] may be used to seal the passageway from the interior of the container.
  • the die and plate may be of the same metal.
  • the lubricant conduit in the die may have an enlarged cross'section prior to joining the passageway region between the plate and the die.
  • FIG-4 US Patent Sept. 23,1975 Sheet 2 of2 3,907,069
  • Extrusion is a widely used process for shaping aluminum.
  • a billet of alumi num is placed in a cylindrical container, furnished at one end with a die having a wall of the appropriate dimension for the finished productv Dies having a flat face are commonly used.
  • a piston moves into the container from the opposite end under an applied force sufficient to force the aluminum to flow through the shaped opening in the die.
  • Aluminum is usually hot extruded at a temperature above its recrystallization temperature.
  • the present invention overcomes these difficulties and provides a novel and useful method for lubricating aluminum extrusions.
  • An apparatus for lubricating the interface between the die and the billet during hot extrusion consists of a metal plate placed within the billet container adjacent to the die. One of the surfaces between the metal plate and the flat die face is knurled and an appropriate lubricant is fed under pressure into this knurled space. The lubricant emerges from the knurled space and coats the interface between the die and the extruded product.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross-section of a typica direct extrusion press.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cutaway view of an extrusion die simi' lar to that shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic of a flow pattern in the hot extrusion process, using a flat face die.
  • FIG. 4 shows a metal flow pattern in a lubricated type extrusion process, using a die having a tapered face.
  • FIG. 5 shows an embodiment the apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 shows a preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 shows a variety of shapes for the plate of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 7A, 7B, 7C show a metal plate 16 with different edge configurations, square, round, and tapered, respectively.
  • FIG. 8 shows a preferred embodiment which provides a more uniform coating of lubricant.
  • the apparatus of the present invention are adapted for use with conventional direct extrusion presses used for the high temperature direct extrusion of aluminum and aluminum alloys with flat faced dies.
  • a press is shown schematically in FIG. 1.
  • the press consists of a hollow cylindrical container 1 having at one end an appropriately configured die 2 and at the other end a movable piston 3.
  • the piston moves in response to the movement of a ram 4 whichin turn has a force F imparted to it usually through some hydraulic means.
  • the billet 5 to be extruded is placed within the container 1 and as the piston 3 moves into the container 1 the billet is forced through the opening in the die and the extruded product 6 assumes the general shape of the die opening.
  • FIG. 2 shows a view of the cross-section of a typical flat faced aluminum extrusion die.
  • the die 2 has an opening 7 which is defined by the walls of the die 8.
  • the flat face of the die 9 is in contact with the billet to be extruded. This dieface, is essentially perpendicular to the centerline of the extrusion apparatus and meets the wall of the container at essentially a angle.
  • the wall 8 of the extrusion die makes essentially a 90 angle at the die face and is parallel to the centerline of the extrusion apparatus.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic of the metal flow pattern in the hot aluminum extrusion process.
  • the lines shown on the billet 5 show the deformation process during some intermediate part of the extrusion process. These lines were placed on the billet in a uniform, square pattern prior to extrusion.
  • the first metal to be extruded comes from the center of the billet 10 while the exterior surfaces 11 of the billet are the last to be extruded.
  • a die D having a flat face F. is shown. This process is desirable since any surface oxides and othersurface impurities are effectively segregated to the last part of the extruded product.
  • the surface 12 of the majority of the extruded product 13 is clean bright metal having no relationship to the original billet surface condition.
  • FIG. 4 shows the conventional hot extrusion process used for most non-aluminum extrusion processes. It can be seen that in this type of process the surface of the billet 11 is extruded at roughly the same rate as is the center of the billet and that therefore the surface condition of the billet is reflected in the surface condition of the extruded product 13.
  • the die D shown in FIG. 4 has a tapered face 'I. rather than the flat face shown in FIG. 3.
  • the difference in these two types of metal flow is basically the result of the container and die geometry, but is also influenced by the presence of lubrication. Lubri' cation between the billet and the container wall will tend to cause an extrusion metal flow as shown in FIG. 4 whereas the absence of lubrication leads to the flow pattern as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the flow pattern as shown in FIG. 3 is desirable in the extrusion of aluminum for the reasons previously described and it has heretofore been thought to be impractical to apply any form of lubrication during the extrusion of aluminum because of the undesirable and unavoidable change in metal flow pattern from that shown in FIG. 3.
  • the flow of metal through the die generates a significant amount of heat as a result of the frictional forces between the extruded metal and the die wall. This heat buildup is undesirable from several standpoints. First of all, accelerated die wear results when the temperature of the die rises excessively. Secondly, the die. which is commonly made from heat treated steel, will soften and lose the desirable properties obtained by the heat treat ment step. Thirdly, the excessive heat can cause exaggerated grain growth on the surface of the extruded product leading to an undesirable duplex structure which causes problems in the further surface treatment of the extruded product.
  • the apparatus of the present invention provides a means for providing a lubricant to the walls or lands of the die aperture. Through the use of the present invention a significant reduction in the amount of force necessary to produce a given extrusion can be realized.
  • the apparatus of the present invention comprises a metal plate having a hole therein which corresponds closely to the size and shape of the die aperture.
  • This metal plate is placed on the surface of the die and located so that the die aperture and the hole in the plate are in registry. At least one of the mating surfaces between the metal plate and the die has a knurled pattern which serves to prevent intimate contact between the metal plate and the die face.
  • a supply of pressurized lubricant is forced into the knurled space and is directed and guided so that it emerges and coats the die cavity walls therby reducing the friction between the metal being extruded and the die wall. This reduction in friction leads to a reduction in the amount of heat buildup at the die. and a reduction in the amount of metal which builds up on the die wall and a reduction in die wear.
  • a metal plate 16 is fastened to the die 2 by fastening means 17.
  • the plate 16 is located between the flat face 9 of the die and the bi]- let to be extruded.
  • At least one of the mating surfaces between the metal plate 16 and the die face 9 has a knurled pattern 18 which prevents close contact between the metal plate 16 and the die face 9. The details of the knurled surface will be described at length below.
  • a hollow lube passage 19 which passes through the die 2 is provided so as to supply lubricant to the space between the plate 16 and the die face 9.
  • a gasket 20 is used to seal the opening between the knurled passageway 18 and the container wall 1.
  • the plate 16 covers the whole die face 9.
  • the container is removed in order to remove the unextruded portion of the last billet before extruding a new billet.
  • the metal plate 16 be inset into the die face 9 as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the die face 9 is cut away immediately adjacent to the die wall 8.
  • the metal plate 16 is dimensioned so as to set into this inset portion of the die face 9.
  • the gasket 20 is then used as a sealing means between the metal plate 16 and the die itself. In this embodiment the die can be removed without disturbing the gasket 20.
  • the lube passage 19 the knurled surface 18 and the fastening means 17.
  • FIG. 7 shows a variety of possible configurations for the edge of the metal plate which is immediately adjacent to the die wall.
  • FIG. 7A shows that the edge of the metal plate 16 may have a square configuration. In this embodiment then the metal plate 16 would serve mainly as an extension of the die 2 itself.
  • FIG. 7B shows a metal plate having a rounded edge 21.
  • the rounded edge would reduce the shearing of the aluminum as it enters the die 2 and would reduce the frictional forces which the aluminum encounters before it enters the lubricated portion of the die.
  • FIG. 7C shows a metal plate having a beveled edge 22 which would serve much the same function as the rounded edge shown in FIG. 78.
  • FIGS. 7A, 7B and 7C Also shown in FIGS. 7A, 7B and 7C are the lube passage 19 and the sealing means 20.
  • Knurling consists of a pattern of fine grooves on the surface of a solid object.
  • the grooves are usually straight and parallel and one or more patterns may be superimposed one upon the other so as to produce the desired pattern.
  • Knurling is conventionally produced by an embossing process. however. the term knurling as used in this application is intended to cover the grooved patterns produced by any method.
  • the dimensions of the knurling patterns suitable for use in the present invention are as follows: the depth of the individual grooves will generally range from 0.0005 to 0.020 inches and the number of grooves per inch will range from 10 to 50.
  • the function of the knurling is to uniformly distribute the lubricant about the circumference of the extrusion.
  • the lubricant pass through a minimum amount of knurling before it contacts the extrusion.
  • the minimum amount of knurling required to achieve a satisfactory lubricant distribution may be specified as follows: the pressure drop encountered by the fluid lubricant as it flows through the knurling must be more than five times the pressure drop encountered by the fluid lubricant as it flows from the reservoir to the knurling.
  • a more uniform lubricant distribution may be achieved by providing an enlarged groove which surrounds the knurled portion and into which the lubricant is introduced. This embodiment is shown in FIG. 8 where groove surrounds knurled portion 13. More uniform lubricant distribution will also be attained where there are cross passages interconnecting the knurling grooves. This is a preferred embodiment.
  • the metal from which the plate is made be of approximately the same composition as that from which the die is made so that it will have similar mechanical properties and similar thermal properties such as thermal expansion.
  • the thickness of the plate will be from 0.2 to 1 inch. It is preferred that the plate be made of steel and that it be heat treated after knurling.
  • inorganic compounds that satisfy the above criteria include anhydrous B 0 and mixtures of alkali metal and alkaline earth chlorides that have a liquidus no higher than 450F.
  • Systems in the latter area which look particularly promising include KCl-LiCl, NaCl-MgCL LiCl-NaCl-MgCl LiCl-KCl-MgCl and NaCI-KCI-MgCI
  • CaCl SnCl- ZnCland PbCl may be added to the above mixture or substituted selectively in all or part for one of the constituents in these mixtures.
  • Stable alkali metal and alkaline earth nitrates may also be employed.
  • Selected organic and metal organic compounds also can meet the above criteria.
  • Organic compounds belonging to the generic polynuclear aromatic family are promising because of their good thermal stability.
  • Examples include C H C H NHC I-I C H C H and also compounds of this general family having ester or amide linkages, such as tricresyl phosphate.
  • lubricants are solids at room temperature. Accordingly, these solid lubricants must be melted prior to applying them to the extrusion process. This heating will preferably occur in a reservoir and the lubricant will be supplied to the die through an insulated connecting passage. Because of the difficulty of pumping molten materials, in a preferred embodiment, compressed air or other gas may be applied to the top of the reservoir to force the liquid into the die. It will probably be necessary to preheat the die so as to prevent the lubricant from solidifying in the knurled space.
  • the required lubricant pressure will vary greatly depending upon operating conditions and the composition of the lubricant selected. However, the required pressure will in general exceed 500 psi.
  • the lubricant pressure permitted for proper functioning of the present invention may be determined using the criterion that the lubricant pressure will exceed the flow stress of the metal under the conditions encountered by the metal in the die opening. That is to say, the lubricant pressure desired would be that which causes the pressurized lubricant to deform the aluminum being extruded.
  • the compressive flow stress will vary with alloy composition, grain size, temperature and the hydrostatic pressure to which the alloy is exposed within the die. In general, the pressures required will range from 500 to 5,000 psi, measured at the die opening, and preferably from 600 to 3,000 psi.
  • a press for the hot extrusion of aluminum and aluminum alloys having a cylindrical container, an extrusion die with a flat face at one end of said container, and a movable piston within said container at its other end, the improvement which comprises: a metal plate positioned within said container adjacent to said die and conforming thereto, means for attaching said plate to said die, said plate having a flat face adjacent to said die face, at least one of the adjacent plate and die faces having a knurled surface means to furnish a passageway in the region therebetween, and conduit means in said die for supplying lubricant to said region between the metal plate and the die face, whereby to provide lubricant for aiding the extrusion of a billet through said die.
  • a press according to claim 1, wherein the said knurled surface has 10 to 50 grooves per inch, said grooves having a depth of 0.0005 to 0.02 inch.
  • a press according to claim 1 further comprising a sealing means between said die and plate sealing said passageway from said container interior.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
US480047A 1974-06-17 1974-06-17 Die with lubricating system for the extrusion of billets Expired - Lifetime US3907069A (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US480047A US3907069A (en) 1974-06-17 1974-06-17 Die with lubricating system for the extrusion of billets
CH760475A CH587692A5 (cs) 1974-06-17 1975-06-12
IT24353/75A IT1038918B (it) 1974-06-17 1975-06-13 Lubrificazione per l estrusione dell alluminio
AT457975A AT339691B (de) 1974-06-17 1975-06-16 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum schmieren eines erhitzten aluminiumpresslings beim strangpressen
DE19752526818 DE2526818A1 (de) 1974-06-17 1975-06-16 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum schmieren eines erhitzten aluminiumpresslings beim strangpressen
GB25694/75A GB1480680A (en) 1974-06-17 1975-06-17 Lubricated extrusion processes and apparatus
FR7518952A FR2274370A1 (fr) 1974-06-17 1975-06-17 Procede de lubrification pour le filage a chaud de l'aluminium et de ses alliages et dispositif de mise en oeuvre
NL7507188A NL7507188A (nl) 1974-06-17 1975-06-17 Werkwijze en inrichting voor het aanbrengen van een smeermiddel tijdens de hete extrusie van aluminium en aluminiumlegeringen.
JP50073606A JPS5113358A (cs) 1974-06-17 1975-06-17
BE157409A BE830332A (fr) 1974-06-17 1975-06-17 Procede de lubrification pour le filage a chaud de l'aluminium et de ses alliages et dispositif de mise en oeuvre

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US480047A US3907069A (en) 1974-06-17 1974-06-17 Die with lubricating system for the extrusion of billets

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US3907069A true US3907069A (en) 1975-09-23

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Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US3907069A (cs)
JP (1) JPS5113358A (cs)
AT (1) AT339691B (cs)
BE (1) BE830332A (cs)
CH (1) CH587692A5 (cs)
DE (1) DE2526818A1 (cs)
FR (1) FR2274370A1 (cs)
GB (1) GB1480680A (cs)
IT (1) IT1038918B (cs)
NL (1) NL7507188A (cs)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4047866A (en) * 1976-11-22 1977-09-13 The Dow Chemical Company Automatic self-lubricating rotary tablet press
US4629650A (en) * 1982-12-30 1986-12-16 Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Process for producing molded thermoplastic resin
US4904171A (en) * 1988-12-13 1990-02-27 Greer Jack B Lubricating apparatus for clay extruders
US5252049A (en) * 1989-12-19 1993-10-12 Sonnichsen A.S. Lubricating arrangement for plastic extruders
US20050016243A1 (en) * 2003-07-25 2005-01-27 Segal Vladimir M. Method and apparatus for equal channel angular extrusion of flat billets
US20050258562A1 (en) * 2004-05-21 2005-11-24 3M Innovative Properties Company Lubricated flow fiber extrusion
WO2014043746A1 (en) * 2012-09-21 2014-03-27 Monash University Reducing grain size

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1220902A (en) * 1916-03-31 1917-03-27 Clarence M Steele Die or former.
US2538917A (en) * 1941-11-22 1951-01-23 Comptoir Ind Etirage Extrusion of metals
US3304577A (en) * 1965-06-18 1967-02-21 Lambert H Mott Spinnerette disk for extrusion of synthetic polymer fibers
US3620290A (en) * 1968-06-05 1971-11-16 Quaker Chem Corp Lubricants for continuous metal-casting operations
US3709324A (en) * 1970-03-23 1973-01-09 Citizen Watch Co Ltd Process for the prevention of unintentional escapement of an applied oil layer

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1220902A (en) * 1916-03-31 1917-03-27 Clarence M Steele Die or former.
US2538917A (en) * 1941-11-22 1951-01-23 Comptoir Ind Etirage Extrusion of metals
US3304577A (en) * 1965-06-18 1967-02-21 Lambert H Mott Spinnerette disk for extrusion of synthetic polymer fibers
US3620290A (en) * 1968-06-05 1971-11-16 Quaker Chem Corp Lubricants for continuous metal-casting operations
US3709324A (en) * 1970-03-23 1973-01-09 Citizen Watch Co Ltd Process for the prevention of unintentional escapement of an applied oil layer

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4047866A (en) * 1976-11-22 1977-09-13 The Dow Chemical Company Automatic self-lubricating rotary tablet press
US4629650A (en) * 1982-12-30 1986-12-16 Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Process for producing molded thermoplastic resin
US4904171A (en) * 1988-12-13 1990-02-27 Greer Jack B Lubricating apparatus for clay extruders
US5252049A (en) * 1989-12-19 1993-10-12 Sonnichsen A.S. Lubricating arrangement for plastic extruders
US7191630B2 (en) * 2003-07-25 2007-03-20 Engineered Performance Materials Co., Llc Method and apparatus for equal channel angular extrusion of flat billets
US20050016243A1 (en) * 2003-07-25 2005-01-27 Segal Vladimir M. Method and apparatus for equal channel angular extrusion of flat billets
US20070131013A1 (en) * 2003-07-25 2007-06-14 Segal Vladimir M Method and apparatus for equal channel angular extrusion of flat billets
US7380432B2 (en) 2003-07-25 2008-06-03 Engineered Performance Materials Co., Llc Method and apparatus for equal channel angular extrusion of flat billets
US20050258562A1 (en) * 2004-05-21 2005-11-24 3M Innovative Properties Company Lubricated flow fiber extrusion
US20070154708A1 (en) * 2004-05-21 2007-07-05 Wilson Bruce B Melt extruded fibers and methods of making the same
US7476352B2 (en) 2004-05-21 2009-01-13 3M Innovative Properties Company Lubricated flow fiber extrusion
US8481157B2 (en) 2004-05-21 2013-07-09 3M Innovative Properties Company Melt extruded fibers and methods of making the same
WO2014043746A1 (en) * 2012-09-21 2014-03-27 Monash University Reducing grain size

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2274370A1 (fr) 1976-01-09
IT7524353A1 (it) 1976-12-13
GB1480680A (en) 1977-07-20
CH587692A5 (cs) 1977-05-13
AT339691B (de) 1977-11-10
BE830332A (fr) 1975-10-16
JPS5113358A (cs) 1976-02-02
IT1038918B (it) 1979-11-30
DE2526818A1 (de) 1976-01-02
ATA457975A (de) 1977-02-15
NL7507188A (nl) 1975-12-19
FR2274370B3 (cs) 1978-02-03

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