US3894517A - Steam generator - Google Patents

Steam generator Download PDF

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Publication number
US3894517A
US3894517A US420564A US42056473A US3894517A US 3894517 A US3894517 A US 3894517A US 420564 A US420564 A US 420564A US 42056473 A US42056473 A US 42056473A US 3894517 A US3894517 A US 3894517A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
steam
separators
water
steam generator
heating elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US420564A
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English (en)
Inventor
Franz Meier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gutehoffnungshutte Sterkrade AG
Original Assignee
Gutehoffnungshutte Sterkrade AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gutehoffnungshutte Sterkrade AG filed Critical Gutehoffnungshutte Sterkrade AG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3894517A publication Critical patent/US3894517A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/26—Steam-separating arrangements
    • F22B37/268—Steam-separating arrangements specially adapted for steam generators of nuclear power plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/023—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers with heating tubes for nuclear reactors, as long as they are not classified according to a specified heating fluid, in another group
    • F22B1/025—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers with heating tubes for nuclear reactors, as long as they are not classified according to a specified heating fluid, in another group with vertical U shaped tubes carried on a horizontal tube sheet

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Foreign Application Priority Data
  • a guide casing surrounds the elements and has an open bottom [52] us CL H 122/34; 122/491. 55/348 and a top cover plate.
  • a series of steam separators are 51 Int. Cl. F22]; 37/26 Provided above the top Cover Plate and are completely 58 Field of Search 122/32, 34, 488. 491; encircled by an annular Overflow Plate arranged on 55/346 348 355v 455 456. 457 the top cover plate.
  • the overflow plate has a brim which is located above the water outlets of the steam [56] Reierences Cited separators and it also contains a plurality of holes that UNITED STATES PATENTS allow only about half of the return water to flow off.
  • the present invention concerns a steam generator having a steam generation chamber into which heating tubes are installed which are encased in a guide casing open at the bottom and having a cover plate at the top with steam separators and an annular overflow plate arranged on the top cover plate.
  • the hot steam/liquid mixture is not immediately conducted axially into a series of steam separators but first into a primary chamber shaped as a hexagonal regular prism consisting of shell and cover.
  • a primary chamber shaped as a hexagonal regular prism consisting of shell and cover.
  • radial outlets extend to six swirl chambers comprising an upper and a lower portion the latter being the efflux part.
  • the swirl chambers are so dimensioned that the normal liquid level is located in the upper the chambers this design is very complicated.
  • the task to be solved by the present invention is to ensure proper functioning of the steam separators if the water level in the generator falls eliminate the danger of steam generation becoming unstable; to improve the separation efficiency of the separators by a marked degree; and to significantly simplify the design of these steam generators.
  • this task is accomplished by providing an overflow plate encircling all steam separators, and the brim of which is located above the water outlet of the steam separators with drain holes provided at the base of the overflow plate. the total cross-sectional area of which is so dimensioned that about half of the water separated by the separators flows off.
  • the overflow plate together with the top cover plate form a sort of water seal which is constantly filled with return water during operation even if the water level in the steam generator falls.
  • the requirement of a narrow water-level control range can be abandoned.
  • the control equipment otherwise required would demand a high expenditure.
  • the water level may fall by a considerable amount without entailing any of the above described adverse consequences. Even in such circumstances no. or at the most only a negligible quantity of. steam would escape through the water outlet of the separators.
  • the water clearing the overflow plate will be returned into the steam generation chamber. It is more favourable for the return water to enter the chamber below the normal water level.
  • drain holes will be provided for the return water at the base ofthe overflow plate. the cross-sectional area of which is rated for about half of the water quantity flowing through. This outlet-area rating means that if the water supply from the freshwater feed pipe fails completely the return water dammed up by the overflow plate ill only flow off slowly so that even in such adverse circumstances no steam can escape for at least a certain period.
  • FIG. I is a schematic longitudinal section of a steam generator incorporating the features of the present in vention.
  • FIG. 2 shows the features of the present invention on a larger scale.
  • the steam generator comprises a cylindri cal casing 1 into which a bundle of hairpin-shaped heating tubes 2 is installed (U-tubes).
  • the tubes 2 are inserted in the tube sheet 3 so as to be absolutely tight.
  • collectors 4 and 5 are arranged under the tube sheet.
  • the heating agent enters collector 4, passes through the heating tubes 2 and is then led off through collector 5.
  • the heating-tube bundle 2 is encased in a cylindrical plate shell 6 open at the bottom and arranged at a certain distance from the inner wall of the casing I and the tube sheet 3. Above the heating tubes 2 the shell 6 is sealed off by a top cover plate 7 on which previously known steam separators 8 operating by the centrifugal principle are mounted.
  • Feed water is supplied to the steam generator through piping 9.
  • the water flows through the annular clearance 10 between shell 6 and easing I, horizontally enters the heating-tube bundle 2 through tube sheet 3 and rises between these tubes. While rising the water is heated to boiling temperature by heat transfer and finally vaporized.
  • the steam generated leaves the heating-tube bundle 2 as a mixture with the nonvaporized water entrained. and then enters the steam separators 8 in which pre-drying takes place.
  • the pre-clried steam escapes through outlets 11 by imparting rotary motion to the mixture whereas the water obtairied in the" separators leaves the separators through water outlets 12.
  • a siphon-type safety arrangement 13 provided in water outlet 12 of the separators 8 is to prevent the escape of steam together with the water. Steam will escape despite this safety arrangement if the water level in the steam generator falls too much below the normal height 14. For this reason. said water level would have to be maintained within narrow tolerance limits.
  • an overflow plate 15 is arranged at the edge of the top cover plate 7.
  • This overflow plate encircles the steam separators 8 as a ring and has its brim 16 located at a higher level than the water outlet 12 of the separators 8.
  • the overflow plate 15 forms a sort of water seal which is constantly filled with water during operation. The existing water level prevents steam from escaping even if the water level in the steam generator falls markedly below the normal height 14.
  • Drain holes [8 are provided below normal water level at the base 17 of the overflow plate.
  • the crosssectional area of these holes is smaller than would be required to ensure that all of the water returned flows off.
  • the holes are rated for half of the return water quantity to be expected.
  • the present invention can also be used in steam generators of a different design, for instance in units equipped with a straight-tube bundle. Further. the invention can be employed in boiling'water reactors. in such a case the heating elements are not U-shaped tubes through which a heating agent flows but the fuel elements of the nuclear reactor.
  • a steam generator comprising an upwardly extending shell having an open bottom and a cover plate at the top. a casing laterally enclosing said shell. a bundle of heating elements within said shell for converting water into steam and the space within said shell containing said heating elements forming a steam generation chamber, a plurality of steam separators having water outlets located above said top plate and communicating with the steam generation chamber, an overflow plate mounted on and extending upwardly from said top plate on said top cover plate, said overflow plate laterally encircling all the steam separators and having a brim above the water outlets from said steam separators and said overflow plate having drain holes therethrough, situated at the base of the overflow plate for allowing a certain fraction of the water separated by said separators to flow off.
  • a steam generator according to claim 1 wherein said heating elements are U-shaped tubes.
  • heating elements are fuel elements of a nuclear reactor.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Separating Particles In Gases By Inertia (AREA)
US420564A 1972-12-02 1973-11-30 Steam generator Expired - Lifetime US3894517A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2259076A DE2259076C3 (de) 1972-12-02 1972-12-02 Dampferzeuger

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3894517A true US3894517A (en) 1975-07-15

Family

ID=5863339

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US420564A Expired - Lifetime US3894517A (en) 1972-12-02 1973-11-30 Steam generator

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US3894517A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5529321B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT353292B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE808114A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH557502A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2259076C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES421083A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2209438A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1421479A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT1002172B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7316443A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE380888B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SU (1) SU550995A3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2462655A1 (fr) * 1979-07-25 1981-02-13 Westinghouse Electric Corp Distributeur collecteur de boues pour generateur nucleaire de vapeur
US4280825A (en) * 1978-05-12 1981-07-28 Stein Industrie Vertical separator for separating liquid or solid particles from a vapor or a gas
US4358301A (en) * 1980-01-04 1982-11-09 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Apparatus for separating the liquid and vapor phases of a fluid
US4368693A (en) * 1980-07-31 1983-01-18 Framatome Distributor for the admission of a fluid to be vaporized into a steam generator
US5061304A (en) * 1981-03-27 1991-10-29 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Steam processing apparatus and method
US5564370A (en) * 1993-07-12 1996-10-15 Framatome Steam generator with detachable cyclone separators
RU2151950C1 (ru) * 1998-12-29 2000-06-27 Открытое акционерное общество по наладке, совершенствованию технологии и эксплуатации электростанций и сетей "УралОРГРЭС" Барабан-сепаратор
RU2302045C1 (ru) * 2006-01-23 2007-06-27 Федеральное Государственное Унитарное Предприятие "Научно-Исследовательский И Конструкторский Институт Энерготехники Имени Н.А. Доллежаля" Барабан-сепаратор ядерного реактора

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4632068A (en) * 1984-05-24 1986-12-30 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Modular sludge collection system for a nuclear steam generator
CN112097229B (zh) * 2019-11-19 2022-08-02 中船重工（上海）新能源有限公司 一种蒸汽发生器

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3251176A (en) * 1963-02-08 1966-05-17 Peabody Engr Corp Liquid eliminator for gas scrubbers or the like
US3253999A (en) * 1961-08-18 1966-05-31 Westinghouse Electric Corp Boiling water nuclear reactor with improved vapor separating arrangement
US3507099A (en) * 1966-10-25 1970-04-21 Combustion Eng Centrifugal liquid-vapor separator
US3735569A (en) * 1971-09-07 1973-05-29 Combustion Eng Water-steam separator

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3253999A (en) * 1961-08-18 1966-05-31 Westinghouse Electric Corp Boiling water nuclear reactor with improved vapor separating arrangement
US3251176A (en) * 1963-02-08 1966-05-17 Peabody Engr Corp Liquid eliminator for gas scrubbers or the like
US3507099A (en) * 1966-10-25 1970-04-21 Combustion Eng Centrifugal liquid-vapor separator
US3735569A (en) * 1971-09-07 1973-05-29 Combustion Eng Water-steam separator

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4280825A (en) * 1978-05-12 1981-07-28 Stein Industrie Vertical separator for separating liquid or solid particles from a vapor or a gas
FR2462655A1 (fr) * 1979-07-25 1981-02-13 Westinghouse Electric Corp Distributeur collecteur de boues pour generateur nucleaire de vapeur
EP0023808A3 (en) * 1979-07-25 1981-11-11 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Nuclear steam generator
US4358301A (en) * 1980-01-04 1982-11-09 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Apparatus for separating the liquid and vapor phases of a fluid
US4368693A (en) * 1980-07-31 1983-01-18 Framatome Distributor for the admission of a fluid to be vaporized into a steam generator
US5061304A (en) * 1981-03-27 1991-10-29 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Steam processing apparatus and method
US5564370A (en) * 1993-07-12 1996-10-15 Framatome Steam generator with detachable cyclone separators
RU2151950C1 (ru) * 1998-12-29 2000-06-27 Открытое акционерное общество по наладке, совершенствованию технологии и эксплуатации электростанций и сетей "УралОРГРЭС" Барабан-сепаратор
RU2302045C1 (ru) * 2006-01-23 2007-06-27 Федеральное Государственное Унитарное Предприятие "Научно-Исследовательский И Конструкторский Институт Энерготехники Имени Н.А. Доллежаля" Барабан-сепаратор ядерного реактора

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL7316443A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-06-05
SU550995A3 (ru) 1977-03-15
GB1421479A (en) 1976-01-21
CH557502A (de) 1974-12-31
IT1002172B (it) 1976-05-20
FR2209438A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-06-28
DE2259076C3 (de) 1975-10-30
ES421083A1 (es) 1976-04-01
DE2259076A1 (de) 1974-06-20
AT353292B (de) 1979-11-12
JPS4995002A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-09-10
DE2259076B2 (de) 1975-03-20
SE380888B (sv) 1975-11-17
ATA1005873A (de) 1979-04-15
BE808114A (fr) 1974-03-29
JPS5529321B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1980-08-02

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