US3889876A - Apparatus and method for automatic splitting of die cavities - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for automatic splitting of die cavities Download PDF

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US3889876A
US3889876A US293314A US29331472A US3889876A US 3889876 A US3889876 A US 3889876A US 293314 A US293314 A US 293314A US 29331472 A US29331472 A US 29331472A US 3889876 A US3889876 A US 3889876A
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signals
contour
angle
axis
symmetry
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Daniel G Mcfadden
Richard C Levine
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Diecomp Inc
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Diecomp Inc
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Priority to US293314A priority Critical patent/US3889876A/en
Priority to GB4274273A priority patent/GB1413345A/en
Priority to BE135813A priority patent/BE805051A/xx
Priority to SE7313124A priority patent/SE402224B/xx
Priority to FR7334549A priority patent/FR2201787A5/fr
Priority to CH1387173A priority patent/CH596942A5/xx
Priority to DE19732348823 priority patent/DE2348823A1/de
Priority to CA182,151A priority patent/CA1006249A/en
Priority to IT29532/73A priority patent/IT993490B/it
Priority to JP11007173A priority patent/JPS5627883B2/ja
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T17/00—Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/20—Making tools by operations not covered by a single other subclass

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  • ABSTRACT Apparatus and method for automatically splitting a die cavity including means for storing signals representative of significant characteristics of the contour of the die cavity and means responsive to the storing means for processing the stored signals to determine split lines for dividing said cavity into segments which can be expeditiously machined.
  • FIG. 2A CELLS CONTAINING CO-ORDINATES OF SIGNIFICANT POINTS OF THE CONTOUR [TEMPORARY STORAGE ems FIG. 2A
  • This invention relates to die design and, in particular, to automatic splitting of die cavities.
  • One portion of the design process consists of splitting" the die cavities so that the cavity in the die is surrounded by two or more pieces of metal (or carbide composition material) which form portions of the cavitys cutting edges.
  • the split must be located so that each of the two (or more) pieces of metal (die segments) which surround the cavity can be machined practically and economically by a grinding wheel.
  • the shape of the resultant die segments should be strong, free of weak projections and acute angles.
  • the design of the die and in particular the location and directions of the cavity splits were carried out by a human die designer, on the basis of his knowledge and experience. Different practices of die design followed by different designers produced differing results when several human designers were assigned the project of designing a die for manufacturing the same part. Aside from the non-uniform results of human designers, the increased use of numerical control machining requires a Cartesian co-ordinate description of the components of the die. The human designer works with pictorial representations in the form of mechanical drawings made by pencil on paper.
  • One object of this invention is to provide a rapid, automatic, and consistent splitting design for die cavities which may be part of a process of automatic die design.
  • Another object of the invention is to produce a die design more quickly than it could be produced by a human designer.
  • FIG. I is a block diagram of an illustrative overall system configuration of this invention.
  • FIGS. 2A, 2B. and FIG. 3 are outlines of cavity configurations illustrating certain features of this invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram of illustrative circuitry for determining a preferred pair of cavity split lines.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of illustrative circuitry for calculating the total length ofthe sides parallel to a predetermined axis of symmetry of the die cavity.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram of illustrative circuitry for determining if an axis of symmetry intersects a concave portion of the die cavity.
  • FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating the intersection of an axis of symmetry with a concave die cavity portion.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram of illustrative circuitry for determining the center of force of a configuration.
  • FIG. 9 is a graph illustrating a configuration and how its center of force is determined.
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram of illustrative circuitry for determining the existence of axes of symmetry in a die configuration.
  • the method and apparatus of this invention may utilize circuitry which possesses signals representing geometric co-ordinates of the contour which forms the outline of the cavity.
  • the Cartesian or geometric coordinate values can be represented by the amplitude of a physical signal such as the voltage of an electrical waveform. This waveform can be continuous in both time and amplitude, or discontinuous and quantized in either time or amplitude or both. If the signal is quantized in this way, it could also be represented by distinct digital patterns to represent the discrete co-ordinates, each pattern representing a different significant point on the contour.
  • Such numerical signals must be used and reused frequently during the operation of the invention. It is therefore expeditious to store such numerical information in an electrical or magnetic form in a device such as a magnetic disk or magnetic core mem ory system associated with an electronic data processing system. The numerical data can thus be easily accessed as needed by other portions of the invention.
  • FIG. I A bank of cells contain the numerical values of significant points on the contour. These values may be manually keyed through an appropriate keyboard by a part programmer to cells 10. They may be provided by a drawing co-ordinate digitizing machine of the type described in copending application Ser. No. 66,533. or the die contour may be continuously scanned and quantized samples taken each time the slope changes. Thus, the cells 10 would contain, for example, the coordinates of all the end points where straight lines or arcs meet adjacent sides or arcs in the contour. For clarity and brevity, arcs can be represented by storing the co-ordinates of the center of the arc. the numerical value of the radius in addition to the end points, and a binary value to indicate whether the arc is concave or convex.
  • a given contour may have various axes of mirror symmetry.
  • a regular hexagon has six distinct axes of mirror symmetry.
  • Some contours of course, have no symmetry whatever.
  • a number representing the angle of each such axis is stored in one of the cells 12. These are available for testing by the remainder of the apparatus.
  • a test center is used for certain tests, and its coordinates are stored in a cell 13. This point may represent the centroid of the area of the contour, or the centroid of force of the contour, but it is typically some significant internal point used as a test center. Circuitry for deriving the information stored in cells 12 and 13 is described hereinafter.
  • the routing of signals from the cells to the processors is performed by switching and controlling means 14 which performs a function analogous to a telephone switchboard. In a general purpose computer, this function is accomplished by the memory addressing means and the central processor unit under the direction of a stored program of distinct instruction steps.
  • Various operations performed on the signals taken from cells l0, l2, and 13 are performed by directing the signals to special processors 16 and/or temporary storage cells which are used to store intermediate results.
  • This apparatus and method can be used to automatically generate the preferable split line for a die cavity.
  • An axis of symmetry is preferably as a split line if it has a large total length of contour sides parallel to it, and does not cut a concave are on the contour.
  • the split which is closer to vertical is preferable in certain types of die construction.
  • the reason for rejecting a split which intersects a concave side is that the resulting segments will contain a hidden" portion which will not be accessible to a grinding wheel.
  • An example is given in FIG. 2A.
  • the contour shown has two symmetry axes I7 and 18.
  • Axis 17 would not be suitable because it intersects concave arcs at the top and bottom producing contours which are inaccessible for grinding. Therefore.
  • axis 18, which does not have this deficiency, is the preferable axis for splitting.
  • FIG. 2B shows a hexagon with its six symmetry axes labeled I9 through 24.
  • axis 24 is preferable for two reasons. First, it. together with axes 20 and 22, has many long sides of the hexagonal contour parallel to it. In addition to this, it is the closest to vertical of any of these axes and is thus preferable overall.
  • the sequence of operations in the invention for processing a contour with mirror symmetry axes is as follows.
  • the switching means 14 scans the cells l2, describing the symmetry axis angles in a well known manner which may be under stored program control.
  • the signals are directed to the appropriate processors, which test for the intersection of that particular axis with any concave arc in the contour. This takes place by means of scanning the cells 10 which describe the various sides of the contour, which will be described in detail hereinafter. It this is not cause for rejection, the second step is to determine the total length of all lines in the contour which are parallel to the given axis.
  • the absolute magnitude of the trigonometric sine of the axis angle is a quantitative measure of how close to vertical the particular axis is where the vertical axis is at
  • An efficacious method used in this invention for determining the preferable axis when two factors both enter into the evaluation of the relative preference is to combine the two numerical factors in a weighted sum. The numerical result can be compared with the corresponding result for an alternate axis for a determination of which is preferable.
  • the weighting factors used in this evaluation are chosen to reflect the relative importance of the two factors involved in the decision process of which split axis is preferable.
  • a second procedure occurs when there is either no axis of symmetry whatever, or such axes of mirror symmetry as do exist are all rejected due to intersections with concave sides of the contour.
  • the cells 10 containing the geometric description of the significant points on the contour are scanned to determine a pair of points which are suitable for a split in the cavity, as will be described in detail hereinafter.
  • two criteria may be used to establish the weighted sum score for each pair.
  • One criterion is the absolute distance between the two points, since we wish to split the cavity at points which are close to diametrically opposite each other.
  • Another feature is the possibility of having the two splits parallel to each other since this is desirable from a fabrication point of view.
  • Parallel lines in the shape of the die segment reduce the total number of grinding tool setups and make the fabrication of the die faster and less expensive. Further. in some instances, it is possible and preferable to shift one of two parallel splits so that they are co-linear.
  • features including, but not limited to, the following might be of importance to a particular die design.
  • Such features might include the portion of one side which overlaps the other in a perpendicular projection, or the magnitude of the difference between the area subdivided by a line between the point pair under test and 50% of the total area, or other features. Numeric values could also be assigned these features reflecting their weighted contribution of the total score of these features.
  • a synchronizing pulse from source 34a causes the comparator 35 to compare the current score with the best previous value stored in the temporary cell 36. If the current value exceeds the best previous value, the comparator outputs a trigger pulse to two gate circuits 37. When triggered, these circuits pass the current score and index number (from source 37a) to the two temporary storage cells 36 and 38 respectively, whereupon they overwrite the previous values and take their place. At the end of a complete scan of all the splits, cell 28 will contain the index number of the preferable split. The switching and control means 14 of FIG. 1 can then utilize this value to direct the direction of the preferable split to the output.
  • the directions of the splits are stored as angles in cells 12. It is well known to those skilled in the art that the signal representing the angle can be directed to the input of a non-linear function generator which will produce as output the corresponding trigonometric sine to any desired degree of accuracy. Thus, the source 320 is not shown in more detail.
  • the determination of the cumulative parallel side length is carried out by the apparatus of FIG. 5, this corresponding to the source 32b for symmetrical cavities.
  • the switching and control means I4 scans the entire set of cells 10 and passes the x and y co-ordinate signals of the end of each straight line side to the circuitry of FIG. 5.
  • the lines labeled X and X represent x co-ordinates of the two ends of the straight line side, Y, and Y represent the corresponding y co-ordinate signals.
  • a divider 40 which forms their ratio, which itself is fed to a nonlinear function generator 41 which produces a signal equal to the arc tangent of its input, or the angle of the side. If this angle is equal to the angle of the particular split currently being scanned (indicating parallelism), the comparator 42 outputs a trigger pulse.
  • This trigger pulse causes a transmission gate 43 to pass a signal (from circuit 47), equal to the length of the side, to an accumulator cell 44 where it is added to the sum of all similar previously recorded values of length to produce the cumulative parallel side length.
  • the source 321 for non-symmctrical cavities is readily ascertained from the circuitry of FIG. inasmuch as the angle between the splits at two sides is the angle between the sides (since the splits are perpendicular to the sides or to the tangent to a cum ed portion Thus. using elements the same as elements 39. 40. and 4], the angles of each side may be determined. the difference between the angles is the angle between the splits.
  • the source 32b for a nonsymmetrical cavity is also readily ascertained from the circuitry of FIG. 5 where the distance between each pair of points on the cavity contour may be determined from elements the same as elements 39, 45, and 47.
  • FIG. 6 a test is made to determine if an axis of symmetry passes through a concave portion of the die.
  • the circuitry for accomplishing this is shown in FIG. 6 and operates as follows. Reference should first be made to FIG. 7.
  • X Y which passes through a point X Y, which may be the center of force of the die cavity configuration. which is determined by circuitry which is described in more detail hereinafter.
  • the co-ordinates of the end points of the concave are specified in FIG. 7 as being X,, Y, and X Y
  • FIG. 7 it can be seen in FIG. 7 that the line of symmetry X under consideration does indeed intersect the concave portion of the die cavity.
  • x,,. y, are the coordinates of the point in the original co-ordinate system and X
  • Y are the co-ordinates in the original coordinate system of the center of force, which is stored in cell 13 and a is the angle between the co-ordinate systems.
  • the circuitry within the dotted line 50 effects the transformation of the y coordinte y, in accordance with the above formula where the input angle a has the sine and cosine thereof taken at circuits 52 and 54.
  • the difference between X, and X(' is formed at summer 56 while the difference between Y, and Y is formed at summer 58.
  • the difference produced by summer 56 is multiplied by sina at multiplier 60 while the difference produced by summer 58 is multiplied at multiplier 62.
  • the resultant products are then added at summer 64 to produce the y co-ordinate corresponding to Y, in the rotated coordinate system.
  • This signal is then applied to diode 68 while the y co-ordinate corresponding to Y in the rotated co-ordinate system is applied to diode 70, this latter rotated y co-ordinate being determined by circuitry 72 which is the same as circuitry 50.
  • the diode 68 and 70 will permit only positive signals to be applied to exclusive OR circuit 74.
  • the output of exclusive OR circuit 74 is applied to AND circuit 76 together with a sigmi] (from source 7'7. which is responsive to cells 10) which indicates whether the portion of the die under insepction is concave or not.
  • the concavity determination can be readily made by a part programmer as described hereinbefore or by other means for automatically inspecting the contour of a configuration.
  • the concave signal applied over line 78 will be a logical ONE. if the die segment portion is concave and a logical ZERO. if convex.
  • the rotated co-ordinate corresponding to Y will be positive as can be seen in FIG. 7 and thus. an output signal will ap pear from diode 68.
  • the rotated y co-ordinate corresponding to Y will be negative and thus no output signal will appear from diode 70.
  • FIG. 8 shows illustrative circuitry for determining the coordinates of the center of force ofa contour.
  • the co-ordinates of the center of force are given by the following formulas.
  • FIG. 9 there is shown a configuration, the end points of one side of which are X,, Y and X Y X and X, are applied to terminals 80 and 82 of FIG. 8 while co-ordinates Y and Y, are applied to terminals 84 and 86.
  • X and X are added to one another at summer 84 and one-half of this sum is then taken at multiplier 86.
  • the co-ordinate y is determined in a similar manner by summer 88 and multiplier 90, the multipliers 86 and multiplying the sums from summers 84 and 88 by one-half as indicated in FIG. 8.
  • the distance between the points X,, Y, and X Y are determined in the following manner whereby the difference between X and X, is determined at summer 92,
  • this difference being squared in squaring circuit 94.
  • the difference between Y and Y is determined at summer 96.
  • the square of the difference being taken at multiplier 98.
  • the square root of the sum ofthe squares produced by multipliers 94 and 98 is determined by square rooting circuit 100 and summer 102.
  • the output signal from square root circuit I is a measure of the distance between the points X Y and X,. Y,.
  • the length of the side between X Y and X,. Y is multiplied by the J. co-ordinate at multiplier I04 and the y co-ordinate at multiplier 106. After this multiplication occurs these signals are gated to accumulator cells I08, I10, and I12 by gates 114, I16, and 118 respectively.
  • the accumulators 108 through 112 successively accumulate the qualities specified in the foregoing formulas. the sine pulse being applied to gates 114 through 118 each time a new pair of co-ordinates defining a given side are applied to the terminals 80-86. These co-ordinates would be typically provided from two scanners which scan the cells I of FIG.
  • the output of accumulator 108 is being continuously divided by the output of accumulator 112 at divider 120 while the output of accumulator 110 is being divided by the output of accumulator H2 at divider 122.
  • the outputs of dividers 120 and 122 may be gated to provide the coordinates X and Y, which correspond to the center of force of the object and which are stored in cell 3 of FIG. 1 for use in various processing units such as that described hereinbefore with re spect to FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 10 shows illustrative circuitry for determining whether axes of symmetry exist for a given die configuration.
  • FIG. ll illustrates a typical symmetrical body for which the angle of an axis of symmetry is to be determined.
  • the coordinates X,-, Y of the center of force are determined by the circuitry of FIG. 8 as described hereinbefore and the general approach is to successively rotate an axis incrementally about the center of force through a total angle of 180 (This is done merely by incrementing the magnitude of a signal representing the axis angle.) whereby at each angular increment, a test is made to determine whether or not symmetry exists.
  • blocks 122 and 124 are exactly the same as the blocks 50 and 72 of FIG. 6 while the blocks 126 and I28 are also exactly the same. As stated before, blocks 122 and 124 determine the rotated vertical co-ordinates corresponding to the vertical coordinates of a point in an original co-ordinate system. Blocks 126 and 128 determine the horizontal coordinates in the rotated system.
  • the first scanner is stepped forward to apply the co-ordinates X Y to the blocks I22 and 126 while the second scanner is stepped back to apply the co-ordinates of the point X,,, Y, to the blocks 124 and 128.
  • the test described above is again performed and as indicated at FIG. I0 it will again be passed thereby indicating that the next pair of significant points should be processed whereby the above procedure is repeated. Since the number of pairs of significant points is known, the number of times the aforementioned two scanners are respectively incremented and decremented is also known. After all symmetry tests have been passed, the determination that the axis oriented at the angle a is indeed an axis of symmetry is made final and this angle is stored in one of the cells 2 of FIG. I.
  • Apparatus for automatically splitting a die cavity comprising means for storing contour characteristic signals representative of significant characteristics of the contour of the die cavity;
  • processing means includes means for assigning a first weight to a first of said contour characteristic signals and a second weight to a second of said contour characteristic signals and further means responsive to the weighted first and second contour characteristic signals for determining which group of said latter signals corresponds to the best suitable split lines.
  • Apparatus as in claim 2 where said further means includes means for summing each group oi said first and second contour characteristic signals and means for selecting the group having the highest sum as that group which corresponds to the best suitable split lines 4.
  • Apparatus as in claim 2 where said group comprises a pair which corresponds to two split lines.
  • said contour has at least one axis of symmetry and where said storing means includes means for storing angle signals representative of the angle of each axis of symmetry of said contour. means for storing cumulative parallel side sig nals representative of the total length of all sides of said contour parallel to each axis of symmetry. and where said processing means includes means responsive to said angle signals and said cumulative parallel side signals for determining which axis of symmetry is best suited for said split lines.
  • processing means includes means for assigning a first weight to said angle signals and a second weight to said cumulative parallel side signals. and further means responsive to the weighted angle and cumulative parallel side sig nals for determining which axis of symmetry is best suited for said split lines.
  • said further means includes means for summing each pair of said angle signals and cumulative parallel side signals and means for selecting the pair having the highest sum as that axis of symmetry best suited for said split lines.
  • said storing means includes means for storing end point signals representative of the co-ordinates of the end points of all straight line segments in said contour and where said processing means includes means responsive to said end point signals and said angle signals for determining said cumulative parallel side signal for each angle signal.
  • processing means includes means responsive to said end point signals for determining the angle of each said line segment; means for comparing the angle of each line segment with said angle signal corresponding to the axis of symmetry; means for determining the length of each line segment; and means for accumulating the lengths of all line segments parallel to said axis of symmetry to thereby determine said cumulative parallel side signal for each axis of symmetry.
  • said contour is non-symmetrical and where said storing means includes means for storing angle signals representative of the angles between each pair of possible split lines and means for storing mutual length signals respectively corresponding to the distance between said possible split lines where they intersect said contour and where said processing means includes means responsive to said angle signals and said mutual distance signals for determining which pair of angle signals and mutual distance signals corresponds to the best suitable split lines.
  • processing means includes means for assigning a first weight to said angle signals and a second weight to said mutual distance signals and further means responsive to the weighted angle and mutual distance signals for determining which pair of angle and mutual distance signals corresponds to the best suitable split lines.
  • Apparatus as in claim ll where said further means includes means for summing each pair of said 12 angle signals and mutual distance signals and means for selecting the pair having the highest sum as that which corresponds to the best suitable split lines.
  • said contour has at least one axis of symmetry and where said storing means includes means for storing angle signals representative of the angle of each axis of symmetry of said contour and means for storing concavity signals indicating whether each curved portion of said contour is concave and where said processing means includes means responsive to said angle signals and said concavity signals for determining whether any concave portions of said contour are intersected by an axis of symmetry whereby any axis which does intersect a said concave portion is not suitable for said split lines.
  • Apparatus as in claim 15 including means for calculating said center of force signals.
  • Apparatus as in claim 14 including means for calculating said angle signals.
  • a method for automatically splitting a die cavity comprising storing electrical, contour characteristic signals representative of significant characteristics of the contour of the die cavity;
  • processing in response to said storing step, the stored signals to determine the split lines for dividing said cavity into segments which can be expeditiously machined.
  • a method as in claim 18 where said processing step includes assigning a first weight to a first of said contour characteristic signals and a second weight to a second of said contour characteristic signals and further determining, in response to the weighted first and second contour characteristic signals, which group of said latter signals corresponds to the best suitable split lines.
  • a method as in claim 19 where said further processing step includes summing each group of said first and second contour characteristic signals and selecting the group having the highest sum as that group which corresponds to the best suitable split lines.
  • a method as in claim 23 where said further determining step includes summing each pair of said angle signals and cumulative parallel side signals and selecting the pair having the highest sum as that axis of symmetry best suited for said split lines.
  • a method as in claim 28 where said further determining step includes summing each pair of said angle signals and mutual distance signals and selecting the pair having the highest sum as that which corresponds to the best suitable split lines.
  • a method as in claim 32 including calculating said center of force signals.
  • a method as in claim 31 including calculating said angle signals.

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US293314A 1972-09-29 1972-09-29 Apparatus and method for automatic splitting of die cavities Expired - Lifetime US3889876A (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US293314A US3889876A (en) 1972-09-29 1972-09-29 Apparatus and method for automatic splitting of die cavities
GB4274273A GB1413345A (en) 1972-09-29 1973-09-11 Apparatus and method for automatic design of split die cavities
BE135813A BE805051A (fr) 1972-09-29 1973-09-19 Procede et appareil our diviser automatiquement des cavites de maricage
FR7334549A FR2201787A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-09-29 1973-09-26
SE7313124A SE402224B (sv) 1972-09-29 1973-09-26 Forfarande och anordning for maskinell bestemning av lempligaste delningslinjer for att i minst tva segment uppdela materialet runt halrummet i en stansdyna
CH1387173A CH596942A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-09-29 1973-09-27
DE19732348823 DE2348823A1 (de) 1972-09-29 1973-09-28 Anordnung und verfahren zum automatischen trennen von ausnehmungen in werkzeugen
CA182,151A CA1006249A (en) 1972-09-29 1973-09-28 System and method for determining splits in die cavities
IT29532/73A IT993490B (it) 1972-09-29 1973-09-28 Apparecchiatura e procedimento per dividere automaticamente la cavita di uno stampo
JP11007173A JPS5627883B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-09-29 1973-09-29

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US293314A US3889876A (en) 1972-09-29 1972-09-29 Apparatus and method for automatic splitting of die cavities

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JP (1) JPS5627883B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE805051A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1006249A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH596942A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2348823A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2201787A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1413345A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT993490B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE402224B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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JPS52146267U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1976-04-28 1977-11-05
JPS5922546B2 (ja) * 1977-06-14 1984-05-28 東芝機械株式会社 自動ミシンのプログラム装置

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3246550A (en) * 1959-11-02 1966-04-19 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Length and area partitioning methods and apparatus
US3490320A (en) * 1966-12-13 1970-01-20 Glaverbel Method for obtaining patterns for cutting pieces out of sheets or strips
US3596068A (en) * 1968-12-30 1971-07-27 California Computer Products System for optimizing material utilization
US3605528A (en) * 1968-08-02 1971-09-20 Ford Motor Co Incremental construction of three-dimensional objects having premachined rod elements and method for forming the same

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3246550A (en) * 1959-11-02 1966-04-19 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Length and area partitioning methods and apparatus
US3490320A (en) * 1966-12-13 1970-01-20 Glaverbel Method for obtaining patterns for cutting pieces out of sheets or strips
US3605528A (en) * 1968-08-02 1971-09-20 Ford Motor Co Incremental construction of three-dimensional objects having premachined rod elements and method for forming the same
US3596068A (en) * 1968-12-30 1971-07-27 California Computer Products System for optimizing material utilization

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IT993490B (it) 1975-09-30
DE2348823A1 (de) 1974-04-04
CH596942A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1978-03-31
FR2201787A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-04-26
JPS5627883B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1981-06-27
GB1413345A (en) 1975-11-12
JPS4971579A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-07-10
CA1006249A (en) 1977-03-01
BE805051A (fr) 1974-03-19
SE402224B (sv) 1978-06-26

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