US3883447A - Transparent liquid detergent composition - Google Patents

Abstract

A liquid detergent composition containing more than 25% (by weight; the same shall apply hereinafter) of a surfactant and a nitrilotriacetic acid salt. The surfactant comprises a mixture of 30 to 55% of a straight chain alkylbenzene sulfonate, 30 to 60% of an Alpha -olefin sulfonate and 5 to 20% of polyoxyethylene alkyl- or alkylphenyl ether. The weight ratio of the nitrilotriacetic acid salt to the surfactant is in the range of from about 0.1 to 3:1.

Description

United States Patent Tokiwa et al.

Japan Assignee: Kao Soap Co., Ltd., Tokyo Japan Filed: Dec. 20, 1972 Appl. No.: 316,828

Foreign Application Priority Data Dec. 29. I97] Japan i. 46 2977 US. Cl. 252/546; 252/555; 252/556;

252/558. 252/559; 252/DlG l4 Int. Cl I. Clld 1/18 Field of Search 252/556, 546. 555, 558,

252/559. DlGt 14 [451 May 13, 1975 Primary Examiner-Stephen J. Lechert, Jr. Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Woodhams, Blanchard and Flynn [57] ABSTRACT A liquid detergent composition containing more than 25% (by weight; the same shall apply hereinafter) of a surfactant and a nitrilotriacetic acid salt. The surfactant comprises a mixture of 30 to 55% of a straight chain alkylbenzene sulfonate, 30 to 60% of an a-olefin sulfonate and 5 to 20% of polyoxyethylene alkylor alkylphenyl ether. The weight ratio of the nitril0triacetic acid salt to the surfactant is in the range of from about 0.1 to 3:1v

6 Claims, I Drawing Figure 1 TRANSPARENT LIQUID DETERGENT COMPOSITION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field Of The Invention This invention relates to a liquid detergent composition. More particularly, this invention relates to a concentrated liquid detergent composition having excel lent solution stability and containing a special proportion of a surfactant mixture and a water-soluble salt of nitrilotriacetic acid.

2. Description Of The Prior Art In conventional liquid detergents, particularly heavy duty detergents, the compatibility of a builder compo nent with a deterging surfactant is poor and, therefore, the builder content should necessarily be reduced extremely in amount and products of satisfactory deterging power cannot be obtained. Further, due to lower solubility, sodium salts cannot be used as components of the liquid detergent compositions and, accordingly, more expensive potassium salts have been used.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION After intensive investigations of liquid detergent compositions, we have discovered that a composition comprising a mixture of (A) a surfactant mixture of special proportions of three components and (B) water-soluble salt of nitrilotriacetic acid, has an excellent deterging power and solution stability. The present invention has been accomplished on the basis of this discovery.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING The drawing is triangular plot illustrating the results tabulated in Table 4.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This invention provides a liquid detergent composition containing more than 25 (all percentages herein are by weight, unless otherwise noted) of a mixture of (A) surfactant and (B) water-soluble salt of nitrilotriacetic acid. The surfactant (A) comprises a mixture of 30 55% of straight chain alkylbenzene sulfonate, 30 60% of oz-olefin sulfonate and 20% of polyoxyethylene alkylor alkylphenyl ether. The weight ratio of nitrilotriacetic acid salt (B) to surfactant (A) is in the range of from about 0.] to 3:1, i.e., B/A=(0.13.0)/l (parts by weight), preferably in the range of B/A (0.2 1.0)].

The surfactant (A) contained in the liquid detergent composition of the present invention is a mixture of anionic surfactant and nonionic surfactant. The anionic surfactant is a mixture of (1) straight chain alkylbenzene sulfonate in which the alkyl has an average number of carbon atoms in the range of to l4 and (2) a-olefin sulfonate having an average number of carbon atoms in the range of 14 to IS. The anionic surfactant is an alkali metal salt such as sodium or potassium, ammonium salt or an alkanolamine salt such as mono-, dior triethanolamine. The nonionic surfactant is a poly oxyethylene alkyl ether containing an alkyl group hav ing from 8 to l8 carbon atoms and 4 to 14 oxyethylene units, or a polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether containing an alkyl group having from 8 to 12 carbon atoms and 6 to 12 oxyethylene units.

The liquid detergent composition consists essentially of an aqueous solution of a mixture of A. one part by weight off surfactant consisting essentially of 30 55% of straight chain alkylbenzene sulfonate, 30 of a-olefin sulfonate and 5 20% of polyoxyethylene alkyl-or alkylphenyl ether and B. about 0.1 3 parts by weight, preferably 0.2 1 part by weight, per one part of (A), of a salt of nitrilotriacetic acid, such as an alkali metal salt such as sodium or potassium, ammonium salt or an alkanol amine salt such as mono-, dior triethanolamine, salt of nitrilotriacetic acid. The liquid detergent composition contains at least 25% of the sum of components (A) plus (B), mixed in the weight ratio specified above. The upper limit of the amount of components (A) plus (B) in the liquid detergent composition is the amount at which all ingredients remain dissolved in the aqueous solution. This will vary depending on the particular components used but, in general, the maximum amount of components (A) plus (B) is from 40 to 50 percent. The liquid detergent composition has an excellent solution stability at a high concentration above 25% at both low and high temperatures (i.e., it is transparent at -5C) and it demonstrates a great detergency performance.

The liquid detergent composition may be either a light duty detergent or a heavy duty detergent. The latter may contain one or more inorganic builders such as sodium orthophosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, so dium silicate, sodium carbonate, sodium metaborate or borax in an amount which does not damage the solution stability of the composition. The amount of inorganic builder in the heavy duty liquid detergent composition can be from 2 to 25%.

As optional ingredients in both light duty and heavy duty detergents, there can be used small amounts of an alkali metal, ammonium or amine salt of citric acid, gluconic acid, tartaric acid or malic acid and potassium pyrophosphate.

For increasing solution stability, there can optionally be incorporated in the liquid detergent composition small amounts of a solubilizer or a solvent such as an alkali metal salt, ammonium salt or an amine salt of ptoluene sulfonic acid, xylene sulfonic acid, ethylbenzene sulfonic acid or cumene sulfonic acid; or methanol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, propylene glycol, glycerol, methylcellosolve, ethylcellosolve, butyl-cellosolve, phenylcellosolve or ethylcarbitol.

Also, anticorrosive agent, dye, perfume, fluorescent dye, enzyme, defoaming agent, foam inhibitor and germicide can optionally be incorporated in the composition.

It will be understood that the present invention does not relate to any discovery concerning the abovementioned optional ingredients and that these ingredients can be used, if desired, in the amounts conventionally used in the art.

The invention will be further described by reference to the following illustrative examples.

EXAMPLE I The solubilities of sodium straight chain alkylbenzene sulfonate (an average of 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl group; hereinafter referred to as LAS), sodium a-olefin sulfonate (having an average of l6 carbon atoms; hereinafter referred to as A08) and polyoxyethylene(8)lauryl ether (hereinafter referred to an EMG) in water and also the solubility of sodium nitrilo- 3 tri-acetate (hereinatter rcterred to as NTA) in these aqueous solutions were examined.

l. Amount (70) of NTA soluble in respective 20% aqueous solutions of the named surfactants:

4 more soluble in water than AOS NTA is fairly soluble in AOS, even though AOS is less soluble in water than LAST The solubility of NTA in EMG at room temperature is between those of LAS and AOS, even though EMG is fairly soluble in water The stability of a mixed 5 Table 1 solution of EMG and NTA is excellent.

Surfactant LAS AOS EMG 4. The temperatures at which there occurred white NTA 3 8 5 turbidity in the respective solutions containing 20% of m LAS, AOS or EMG and 5% of NTA were examined to (note) Amount of NTA dissolved at 35C and which stayed dissolved in the form Obtain thg results Show" in Tubk: 4 and in the AQC mDH' l't' l' f b' "'d' i \225C r s"lzlgdi?gfit'lsffnt UiOn d ET clng muintutnt, J1 HOfll LmpLl'dhll'l, i I TABLE 4 Test No. Component l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 J It] I l LAS 0 0 l2 9 7 8.5 l2 l0 5 AOS 0 20 o s 7 6 to 8.5 5 9 l2 EMG U 0 20 l) "l 5 3 3 3 l 3 NTA 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Sodium metasilicate 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 sodium xylene sulfonate 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Water Balance C 12 5C 25C 0C below above *5C 5C 0C below 5C Turbidity 5c 25C 5c temperature separaseparation tion 2. The temperatures at which there occurred white Table 4 and the accompanying drawing show clearly turbidity in the respective aqueous solutions containing that said turbidity temperature is below 5C if the 20% of the named surfactants and 5% of NTA: composition contains 55% of LAS, 30 60% of AOS and 5 20% of EMG as shown in Tests No 5, 7, Table 2 8 and it). On the other hand, if LAS, AOS or EMG is used alone (No. l, 2 and 3), said temperature is above .v 307 Noll orif surfacmm LAS AOS EMG l2 5 Further. if LAS is less than at 0 AOS is less than 30% (No. 9) or if EMG IS less than 5 /0 Temperature 25C |25c N0 turbidity 40 (No. 4) or more than 20% (No. 6), the synergistic ef- (Scparamn' feet on the turbidity temperature of mixing the three [Note] The temperature at which while turbidity of the: respective solutions Components of 5 not sahsfactory and formed by dissolving the ingredients at 3ST is caused by stepwise temperature turbidity aused at a temperature ahgve 0 reduction at a rate of ZYSCJIZ hours.

EXAMPLE 2.

3 The temperatures at which there occurred white Comparative tests of the dctergency performance f turbidity in the respective 20% aqueous solutions of the li id detergent compositions according to the present nam d urfaC Hnt i invention (Table 5, Detergents I IV) and known liquid detergent compositions (A) and (B) were carried out Table 3 Known liquid detergent compositions:

Surfucmm LAS AOS EMG Potassium straight chain allty|- bcnzenesulfonate (avera e of 12 1'70 20% Temperature 25C [2 5L No turbidity Carbon mums in [he 5 group) EVE 5C Potassium pyrophosphate 20 Potassium metasilicatc 3 Potassium metuxylcne sulfonate 7 Ethanol l() The results shown in Tables l 3 suggest that NTA Urea 7 is difficulty soluble in LAS, even though LAS is far Water balance balance Table 5 Detergent Control Component I ll III IV (A) (B) Surfactant Constituents LAS I07! 10% Wt lust AOS s s s s Table 5 Continued Detergent Control Component i ll lll IV (A) (B) polyoxyethylene (8.8) nonylphcnyl ether 2 2 4 2 Total Surfactant 20% 20% 20% 20% NTA l0 It) Sodium metasilicate 5 5 Water rcrererc mainmainmain mainder der der der Dctcrgcncy (W) 66 77 79 76 (19 40 (Note) 'Dctcrgcncy:

Cloths were washed in a Tcrg-O-Tomcter and the reflectivilics were measured. from which the dctcrgcncies were calculated.

Six pieces of stained cloth were used in each test. The average detergency for four pieces, excluding the highest and the lowest one, was determined. The stained cloth was prepared by charging l.6 g ofa staining powder (comprising 6% of oleic acid, 6% of refined beef tallow, 8% of refined lanolin, 8% of carbon black and 72% of bentonite) and 40 pieces of white mixed Tetron (polyestcr)/cotton cloth (Tetron/cotton=60/40, 50 X 10 cm") in a 2 liter vessel, and agitating the contents for one hour, rubbing both sides of the cloths each 5 times and ironing out. The deterging conditions were 25C, 72 ppm (Ca */Mg =2/l) hard water and 0.2% concentration,

Liquid detergent compositions I through IV of the present invention demonstrated detergent performances superior to those of known liquid detergent compositions (A) and (B) in both light and heavy duty detergents.

EXAMPLES 3 4 Additional examples of liquid detergent composi tions according to the present invention are shown in Table 6 They are both transparent liquids stable at 5C and having excellent detergency performances.

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privelege is claimed are defined as follows:

l. A transparent, stable, liquid detergent composition comprising an aqueous solution of A. as essentially the only organic surfactant components in the detergent composition, a three component surfactant consisting essentially of 1. from about 30 to about 55 percent by weight of straight chain alkylbenzene sulfonate 2. from about 30 to about percent by weight of a-olefin sulfonate, and

3. from about 5 to about 20 percent by weight of polyoxyethylene alkylor alkylphenyl ether;

B. from about ().l to 3.0 parts by weight, per one part of constituent A, or watersolub|e salt of nitrilotriacetic acid;

the composition containing at least 25 percent by weight of the sum of constituents A and B.

2. A liquid detergent composition according to claim 1, in which said straight chain alkylbenzene sulfonate has in the alkyl group an average number of carbon atoms in the range of 10 to 14.

3. A liquid detergent composition according to claim 2, in which the a-olefin sulfonate has an average number of carbon atoms in the range of 14 to 18.

4. A liquid detergent composition according to claim 3, in which said ether is selected from the group con sisting of (a) polyoxyethylene alkyl ether containing from 4 to l4 oxyethylene units and in which the alkyl group has from 8 to l8 carbon atoms, and (b) polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether containing from 6 to 12 oxyethylene units and in which the alkyl group has from 8 to 12 carbon atoms.

5. A liquid detergent composition according to claim 1 and additionally containing from 2 to 25 percent by weight of inorganic builder salts.

6. A liquid detergent composition according to claim 1, in which the weight ratio of nitrilotriacetic acid salt (B) to constituent (A) is in the range of B/A=(0.2- l.())/ l.

Claims (11)

1. A TRANSPARENT, STABLE, LIQUID DETERGENT COMPOSITION COMPRISING AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF A. AS ESSENTIALLY THE ONLY ORGANIC SURFACTANT COMPONENTS IN THE DETERGENT COMPOSITION, A THREE COMPONENT SURFACTANT CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF

1. FROM ABOUT 30 TO ABOUT 55 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF STRAIGHT CHAIN ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE

2. FROM ABOUT 30 TO ABOUT 60 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF AOLEFIN SULFONATE, AND

2. from about 30 to about 60 percent by weight of Alpha -olefin sulfonate, and

2. A liquid detergent composition according to claim 1, in which said straight chain alkylbenzene sulfonate has in the alkyl group an average number of carbon atoms in the range of 10 to 14.

3. A liquid detergent composition according to claim 2, in which the Alpha -olefin sulfonate has an average number of carbon atoms in the range of 14 to 18.

3. from about 5 to about 20 percent by weight of polyoxyethylene alkyl- or alkylphenyl ether; B. from about 0.1 to 3.0 parts by weight, per one part of constituent A, or water-soluble salt of nitrilotri-acetic acid; the composition containing at least 25 percent by weight of the sum of constituents A and B.

3. FROM ABOUT 5 TO ABOUT 20 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF POLYOXYETHYLENE ALKYL- OR ALKYLPHENYL ETHER; B. FROM ABOUT 0.1 TO 3.0 PARTS BY WEIGHT, PER ONE PART OF CONSTITUENT A, OR WATER-SOLUBLE SALT OF NITRILOTRI-ACETIC ACID; THE COMPOSITION CONTAINING AT LEAST 25 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF THE SUM OF CONSTITUENTS A AND B.

4. A liquid detergent composition according to claim 3, in which said ether is selected from the group consisting of (a) polyoxyethylene alkyl ether containing from 4 to 14 oxyethylene units and in which the alkyl group has from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, and (b) polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether containing from 6 to 12 oxyethylene units and in which the alkyl group has from 8 to 12 carbon atoms.

5. A liquid detergent composition according to claim 1 and additionally containing from 2 to 25 percent by weight of inorganic builder salts.

6. A liquid detergent composition according to claim 1, in which the weight ratio of nitrilotriacetic acid salt (B) to constituent (A) is in the range ofB/A (0.2 - 100) /1.

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