US386210A - Gas engine - Google Patents

Description

@www l @A (No Model.)

L. H. NASH. GAS ENGINE.

No. 386,210. Patented July 17, 1888,.

3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

L. H. NASH.

GAS ENGINE (No Model.)

Patented July 1'7, 1888.

inneren tteres LEWS HA L LOCK NASH, F BROOKLYN; ASSGNOR TO THE NLTIGNAL METER COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

enfrentarse.

hitter before it; and the objects et my inven'- tion nre to prevent the incoming charge from becoming mixed with the osenping Weste proilncls, te pronmto the eii'ieif-ney of the iightervalve, nml to resinee the friction of the vnive operating connections, :naal other fentnres onrtienlmly pointed ont in the eperiiention emi In ges-engines in which the aveste gosen expeileii from the comhnetion-ehninherby the intion'ing 'eherge the waive-ports :rre of neeee sity very email es eornnnreii with the eren, of the emnhnstion-ehnmher, and henne the charge issues from seid porte with e' high velocity in jet-enrrentnwhich entertheeoinhnetion-ohznnlner sind oirenlnte nronnd it, so ne to niix with the ehnrge oi' Weste gosen therein eontzneri. it hns heen ntteniptei to nveir 's niek ing pus-sugo lending ive tothe ti vw. consensi ion-ennnxher oi n. enrvoi seetion grani nelly enlarging from thevnlve to the eyiiniier, under the supponiiion that the grises wili expand and' nil the 'onlin-ging perA nge in entf form tlowing volume. l hnve fourmi by ein periment that the desired result connetfbe ei)- tnined by this mennssinee t ie genes once heving o. high velocity imparted to them will ein euinie'nronnii '.vniis of the'eornlmsxtionn chamber, inning wish thelwnste gases te an injurious extent, in n :nenne oi preventing the genes or the new ehnrge from lowing direetigf to nini ont of the exhnnst and from mingling with and being; diinieri by the spent' gases inthe powereylinder, the hitter has been preveieil with e series et trnnsveree iieeetor" plates arranged to present e step-Eike torni oi surfaces oei-oss the o vliniier hnehwani into the channel or passage through whieh the geons mixtnre neem te the newerleyiiniier, the snit? "would defeat the object of my oi' .Lettere Patent No. 3256.216. fiat-ed July l'7',\1888.

(No modul.)

y in'let-pnosnge being et right angles to the said.

plates, so that es the mixture rushes upward th ronghthe passage it will strike successively the edges of the various transverse plates, and first one portion and then. another of the mixtnre will be deiiected and thrown outward neross the eren of the cylinder, 'reducing the speed with which the charge will be thrown inward townigi the oxhnust and creating ed tion that enel: eddies tend to retain the charge .in the renr oftheeylinder and prevent n-ny dies nml eonntereurrents under the snpposi portion thereof from. being proieeted through l the @spent gases to the exhaust. This, however, is not the inet. The essential feature of vthis plan is the arrangement of the serios of deilentor-plntes so that ench will project into the inletpert in parallel relation to eneh other, so tiret n portion of each plate of the series will niet not to throw the gases outward from the eyiinier et right ongles to the inlet endthen fireet them in eddies and eountenourrents into 4the cylinder through the spaces between seid deiieetors., The necessary e'eet of the eddies end connterenrrents*produced hy seid pieten is to mix up the fres'h charge with the v ioni gases of the preeerling charge and te defi'ent the very objeet which i" have in View in eenplioying n perforated pnrtition. f

My improvement provides; for retnrieg and exmnfiing the tion' ofthe gnneons euri-ente within the comhnstionehnmher by interruptingits eontinnoue dow nini directing the gases in yarniiel currents of uniform velocity through the power-eyiinder by menne of one or more partition f pieten having -perforntions enti placed either at the end oi' nml within seid pas sage or in'snid eylinderfnnd thus carry the volume of the wns'te gases before them withont eddy-currents, said plates extending entirely eerosssnid pessageor cylinder. In this wey-the perforated' pnrtitionplntes will redirect the new from enrrents moving in circular emi eddying pnthn to currents moving in di reet parallel lines within the power-cylinder Without eddies end eennter-enrrents,y whieh j improvement. In like manner these perforated plates reeeive the ln'me from. the gne-inlet port inite eerved mth nod diluse it from the combustion-ehemher in nniform pnrnliei iineointo the penne-f cylinder, and thus render the combustion com-4 plte and obtain, its full explosive force. ln this particular the employment of the perforated plates with the ignitor-valve gives important advantages. These and other features of my invention for carrying out the objects of my improvements I will now proceed to (ieihe in j connection -with the drawings, in whichf- 'l 'Figure 1 represents a vertical vsection of my improved gas engine. Fig. 2 represents a similar section taken centrally through the power cylinder at right angles to Fig. .1. Fig. 3 shows theA under side ofthe perforated parti-tion of the combustion chamber by which the currents entering the latter are retarded, expanded, and directed Afrom curved paths in parallel lines into the cylinder. Fig. 4shows "the powercylinder inrlvertical section as used with an 'enlarging passage for the inflow, in which the arrows illustrate the moving jetcurrents ofthe charge so as to mix' with the escaping waste gases when -my improvement is'not used. Figs. 5 and 6 show powei` cards or diagrams taken from the engine operating under theconditions in which the charge is -mixed and is not mixed with the escaping waste gases, as will be hereinafter explained. Fig. 7 shows the valveoperating mechanism. Fig. 8 shows the valve-case in section. Figs. 9 and 10'show the valve and case in sectional views, the valve being in different posit-ions. Fig. 11 is a cresssection ofthe valve and its Vcase on the line w' of Fig. r9. Fig. 12 shows the valve in sectiomand Fig. 13a cross-see tion thereof through the ignition-,chamber and supplypassages; and Fig. 14 represents the valve-case in. elevation, showing the-ignition and escape ports.

' The engine shown is ofthe vertical type,and

the power-cylinder A is surrounded by a cool` ngjacket, NV. L The combustion-chamber C is formed in. a sepnraftehood, D, which opensinto the power-cylinder. and communicates at one side ofthe latternwith the supply-valve port.` The forward end of the powercylinder opens into a casing, E, of the frame, which forms af 'compressionsupply-chamber, F, for the engine of which the piston is the compressor. l I The term power-chamber may be properly used tovapply not only to the cylinder A, but also to the horn-shaped passage C C', since Ithe combustion and expansion of the'gases occur in all of them.

An exhaustpassage, G, is formed by -thejacket around the cylinder and opens 4into thev chamber of the latter by a` series of ports, 2, at about the middle of thelength ofthe cylin- "der, and the jacket has oneor. more outlet-v ports, 3, for the escape of the gases, as seen in Fig. 2.

The power-transmitting crank-shaft H is mounted in the engine-casing E, so that Aits crank H' and the pistonfconn retiens I of the latter are inclosed and operate within the supply compression-chamber. y y

The fly-wheel J is securednponthecrankshaft outside of the casing. and the supplyvalve-operating eccentric K is secured upon said shaft within a chamber, L. of thefcasing, within which the valve-connecting rod M also operates, so that the piston and valve-ope`rat ing parts are inclosed to prevent the splashing of' thelubricant.

The combustion-chamber is contracted and has somewhat the form of"a curved horn, the

smaller end` C', .ommunieating withthe sup.

ply-port a of a va ve D, which forms both the supply and the ignition valve, while the large end of said combustion-chamber opens into the power-cylinder, so that the supply enters centrally the combustion-chamber in a returningv direction' to the iniow, and the flame for the ignition of the charge follows in the same direction from the same valve, which-is arranged at the side of the cylinder.

The compression-chaimherv F communicates by a passage, b, with 'a pipe, P, which opens intov the valvechamber port c, and such communication is controlled by a governor-valve,

Q, fitted into said'passage b, so as to open andto close the port b of the passage b, to increase or to diminish the flow of thecharge under theaction of the governor.' This valve Q serves to permit the flow ofa certain quantity of the combustible mixture to form the charge and to retain thesurpl'us mixture within the compressionchamber,and such function -is controlled by the governor.

I The valve `seen in4 Fig. 12 is vof cylindrical form, and has inlet-ports d d, which open into a central passage, e, a cent-ral port, `(/,which communicates with the external lighter, y, av ,central escape-port, Iii, which communicates with a casevport in the operation of the valve, a supply-port, s, andan ignition-port, r,'which open tangentially i'nto the circular' ignition-, ehamberas shown in Fig. 13, The valve-case shown in Fig. 8 `has asupply-po'rt, c, which communicates through the pipe P with the compression chamber F of the engine, a port, a, communicating with the powercylinder, an i gnition-port, g, opening to theexternal lighter,

IIO

an escapeport, m, which communicates with the outer air through the passages nl, Fig. 11, and an escape-port, p, through the'casewall. 'The devicefor operating the valve is best seen in Fig. 7; and it consists of a cam, K, secured tothe crankshaft H, a roller, 4, carried by an rocker-arm, 6, pivoted to the engineA frame by the pin '1,v an'd'by the pin 9 rto the valve-rod M, which latter is connected to the lower end of the valve D by the pin 10. A spring, 11, is secured at either end to the rod M and to the engine-frame, so that it will constantly tend to' hold thefval've-connections down upon the cam and to move the valve downward while its npstroke is effected by the cam.

I have shown in Fig. 4 by arrows the manner in which the charge enters and circulates in contact with the combustion chamber rated plates, N, placed across the path of the entering charge, sov as to retard the volume ot' the charge and canse it to spread out over the surface of the plate and to flow through all the -holcs.and thus have parallel linesv otdirection xo imparted fo it as itleaves the diffusing and retal-ding plate or plates. I prefer to place one ofthcsc perforated plates at the junctiomof the power-cylinder with the comlmstioirchamber, and another, N', in the valve-connecting r 5 passage l of the combustionchamber. I prefer to make the perforations 12 aring in the direction of the llow, thebettcr to diluse the 'tlow within thecylindcr and to give it free passage through the holes. The action of these 2o non-mixing plates isas follows: The charge,

entering through the valve with a high velocity, tends to cling to the concave surfaces ot the chamber or passage, as shown by t-he ar rows in Figc-1, and meeting the perforated partition N the'volnme is slightly retarded in 'its' motion, spreading out over the entire surface of the plate, the eddies are broken up, and' lthe voln me passes through the holes, the tiaring form of which causes the currents to unite 3o in a larger volume with a more uniform tlow.

Meeting the`second partition-plate N the volnme vor currents again spread over its perfol rated surface, breaking up the eddies and passing throughthe holes 12 into the cylinder,

wherein the currents unite in a flowing stream or volume in parallel lines and drive out the waste gases before them without mixing therewith. ing-surfaces of these partitu )lates are prcfl c io erably unbrokenthat is, they arctlat-and that the size of the perfor-ations must be such as to permit the free passage of the gases and the dame through them from the combustionchambcr into t-he cylinder; and -while I prefer to Amake the partition of a plate so that its perforations and solid surface parts will be ot' about equal arca., so as to givethe retarding and expanding action of the gases flowing upon them, yet partitions of wire-netting or other 5o suitable material may be used. YJAS the supply-valve forms also the ignitor-valve andthe expanding supply-passage forms also the ignitor- Ha me passage, the tlame is caused to expand and be dill'used in its curved pathby contact 5,3 with the perforated partitionplates and to enter ilul cl-iargc in t-hc power-cylinder in parallel lines, prmlucing complet-e combustion,

- and obtaining the full force and effect ofsuch explosion by giving a uniform and instanta- `neous ignition tothe volumeofgas'es within the power-'cylinder. These three things, therefore-viz., the valve D, the supply-passage having the form of a curved horn, andthe per foi-ated partitionplates-cooperate to produce improved results in supplying and ignit-l ing the charge.

It. will be understofvl that the receiv-4 partition indirect lines` not by the action or return of the jct-current, but by the difference of pressure present in the chambers C and (l. The gas in theichamber C is caused to tlow through thc partition N solely by the differvences of pressure in said chambers, and it therefore passes said partition in au easy and even flow; because the (lith-.rence of pressures is Vnot very' great. The same is true of the passages ot' said gases through the chaluber C, so that the gas enters thechambcr A not-only in direct lines, but in an easy and even flow, free from jets and cddies, and upon the principle of stat-ics as distinguished from the principio of dynamics or impact.

The advantageous results ot' this improvement are best seen by referring to the pressure-cards shown in Figs. 5 and 6, in which Fig. 5 shows a card taken from au engine in which thejnflowing charge is caused to mix with the escaping products ofeombustion, as seen in Fig. 4,-while Fig. 6 shows a card taken from the same engine having one non-mixing perforated plate. (Seen i`n Figs. 1 and 2.) A comparison ot' these pressnrediagrams will show that there is a gain in power of nearly twenty per cent. by the use ot' a.retardiiig-partition. By employing both the partitions shown in Fig. 1 I have ascertained by experiment that there is again of power of nearly tifly per cent. I have shown the passage conveying the charge tothe power-cylinder as being in the form of a curved horu;-but it is not nec- Aessary to so form it when the retardingpartition is used, as the latter acts to control the dow without regard to the shape of the connecting-passages; but theI` form shown is preferred.

To facilitate the starting of the engine T provide a reservoir,d', which communicates with the combustion-chamber through a passage controlled by a valve, f. .l prefer to place this reservoir at the toplof theinllowing-charge passage, and connect it with the latter by a pipe, in which the valvcf is placed. lVhen the engine is being started, the tlywvhecl is turned by hand, which causes the charge to be drawn into the compression chamber F,

wherein the charge is compressed by the backstroke of the piston;

Since it is desired to operate the engine with starting-the cock j" is opeuefhso that sonne of IlO the gas will flow from the inlet-passage C'into the chamber d', andth-ertby lessen. the degree of the pressure during the back-stroke of the engine; but assoou as [the engine'is in' operation the f-.ockf is closed, and thereafter the engine compresses its charge to a greater extent. l i

I provide all lthe vconvenient parts of the engine-frame, and particularly its base, with waterjackets, and connecting,` the chamber of the latter with the cooling-jacket of the powercylinder in such manner that the water will circulate from one t the other.

XV? is aspace for thecooling medium of the power-cy the frame, also filled with water.v These spaces communicate by the wall-passage X, so that by the natural zov gine.

. into the ignition-chamberf w the water can iiow from one to the other either flow or by any convenient means of providing a free circulation. The water will absorb the heat from the power-'cylinder and give it up tothe engine-frame, so that the latter willradiate it awayv andtbus the ,entire engine will be kept at a comparatively uniform and cool temperature.

The piston is of the trunk have any suitable pitman-conucotion'with the crank-shaft. r l

The compression-chamber F is preferably supplied with a combustible mixture by a mix! ing-val ve, R. placed externally thereto, adapted to automatically ,regulatel the relative proportional supplyof gas and airto the pwercylinder` sothatfthe charge of combustible mix ture,- shnll be of uniform qualityfand' density. The fly-wheel ofthe engine husthe governor device forgovcruing the operation oi Athe en- The'engi ne on its upward stroke drawsiu a combustible mixture through the mixiug-valve R into the compression-chamber F, wherein it is cpmpresscd bythe downstroke ofthe pis-` ton until the latter arrives 'at tbelposition shown inFigs. l and 2, iu which the valve D. has opened the ports d a, so that the charge enters the combustion-chamber through the ports .c e d u, as shown by arrows, driving belore it the waste gases through the exhaust# ports G. The piston now compresses the charge by the upward'strolce, during which time the valve is in the position of Fig. 9, and the port g is in comm ternnl lighter-jet. y, at which timesome of the charge passes through the passage s, Fig. 13,v ith a tangential whirl, and is ignited by theirt y. ln this operation some of the gases ilow backthrough the hole l1. aud"pass out through the casepassages m and fn..

'lhis back passage for the gases i' of importance in assisting the Home in passing through the port .f/,jas it reduces the outward `eu rrent th rough said port, and hence the flame is more easily transmit` 'ted from the external lighter to the chamber f.- As thepiston begins its next forward stroke, the valve mov es into the position of Fig. 10,

linder, and W W are the spaces of form and may unication with the ex the case-port a', so that the `flame from the chamber ,f istransmitted through the port r to the charge. 4 v Ido not confine mys .lfgt'o `the precise described, sinee any devices or combinations of devices having the functions substantially of vthose described maybe employedgwithoutdeparting from the spirit or sf-opeof myA invention.V u. V- v It will be observed that th fresh gases endrve 'before them and out of the exhaust-ports the foul gases remaining in the chamber after combustion has taken place.r the fact that the entrance and exhaust ports are substantiallyat opposite ends of said chamber andl are both open simultaneously for a short period of time. 4In engines of this type piston 'in what may be termed its forward stroke, and I find it convenient to employ this term to designate the typeof engine illustrated .and describe-dr` supplementedwith au externatvalved commu?. nicating-chamber placed between the charge- `starting the'veugine; eombinedwith'a piston 'compressing-the charge upo'ngits back-stroke, .is not claimed herein; as such-matter is; 'made the subjectjo'f. a divisional applicationjled `of date 'J une 22, "1888,1gunder Srial'No. 27 7,875.v

Ichiini l, f, 1.. In a gas-engine, aipowerfchambe'r. A-G, having ports atoppositeendsof said;chamber, bothbpen at' the same. time, combined with 'a perforated plate extendingentirel y across'said lchamber proper, for the purpose of-ineakingl up eddies'in the infiowiug;r charge and causing V the charge to fiow'th'ro'ugh the power-chamber.

-tially as au'd for the purpose'setforth.

' forward stroke; with a charge-supplying pas x. sageand combustiowchamberbavingacurved.- f horn shapeprovided with a perforated paarti tionpla'ced across the junction of said passage, with the cylinder,` and vone or more similar par tit-ions placed 4across thesupply-passage' between the said4 junctionpartition and the 'charge-supplyim'r port, substantially4 as described, for the purpose specified. Y

3.*I'u a gaseugine, a power-chamber, A C, having ports at'opposite ends ofsaid chamber, both open at the same time, perforated plate extending entirely across said chamber, the perforations iu saidplate fiar ing in the'dircctiou of the infiowotl the charge, for the `purpose of breaking up eddies in the inowing charge and causing the charge to new through the power-chamber iu uniform bringing the'port r 4into communication with teriug 'the combustion cylindero'r chamber.

The combustionycharnltwlr4 ofv a" ga'sengine,

supplying` port andl the'coiubustiou;cl;|ambern for relieving thepressure iii-said'chamberini` p Vin uniform volume without eddies. 's ubstamy :2.,The' 'cpmbinatiom in aV gas-engine, ofa piston and af'power-cylindcr having ports. .adapted to be uncovered bythe piston on-its' Vices and combinations ofdevices herein del This is due lto the exhaustwports are usually opened-by the IIO combined with a purpose ofv breaking up eddies inl the inflowing charge and causing Athe charge to iiow through the power-chamber without eddies, substantially as described 5. The combination with the piston and power-cylinder of aA gas-engine, of-one or more perforated plates placedin thechargesnpplying passage of the combustion-cham ber. and a' reservoir,A d', -having v alved communication with said com bnstion-chamber, opeming substantially as described.

6. The combination, in a gas-engine, ofthe power-cylinder, a piston operating as a-chargesupplying.: compression-pump onA its forward stroke, v.a reservoir for the combustible mixtnre, and a valve controlling the admission of the charge to the combustion-chamber, with a reservoir communicating with the combustionchamber through a valve-controlled passage for relieving thepressnre in said chamber in starting the engine, substantially as described, for the purpose specified.

7. The combination, in a gas-engine, of the piston and 'a power-cylinder having exhaustports adapted" to -be'u'ncovered by the piston on its extreme forward stroke, with a crankshaft and piston-connections, a cam secured to said shaft, a valve and valve-rod` connection operated in one.dirction by said cam, and al Ispring holding the valve-connection against said cam, substantially as described.

1 8. The combination, with the pistonv and its crank-shaft connections of ages-engine, of the cam K, the roller` 4, the rocker-arm 6, the valverodM, the spring-.11,'aud a. reciprocating plunger-valve for admitting the charge and igniting the same, substantially as described.

' 9. The combination, in a gas-engine, ofthe power-cylinder and the piston, with a reciprocating plunger-valve for admitting and igniting the-charge, having the ports d, g, h, r, and s, with avalve-case havingfcorresponding co-operating ports, substantially as described,

for the purpose specified.

10. In ages-engine, an ignition-chamber having a tangential supply, combined with an ignition-passage andan independent escapepassage, substantially as and for the purpose set forth. f

11. In a gas-engine, a 'power-chamber, A C,

'combined with afplurality of perforatcdpartitions arranged across said chamber at intervalsto divide the same into a series of separate chambers, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

12. The combination, with a valve and a valve-case, both having ports for supplying thecharge and for igniting the same, and an .external lighter-jet, with a supply-passage and combustion chamber having a curvedhorn shape, one or more perforated partition-plates placed therein, a piston, and apowercylinder having ports adapted to be uncovered by the 13. The combination, with a gas-engine hav-- `piston on its forward stroke, substantially as` 1 and for the purpose described.

inga iixed lighter-jet, of a lighter-jet chamber of circular form, hav-ing a tangential gas-supply-port,.a central end lighter-port,'and a cen- -tral end. back port to discharge the waste gases lfrom said chamber. s

.14. The'combination, with a gas-engine having apermanent lighter-jet, of a slide-valve having a circular lighter-chamber, having a gas-Supply port entering said chamber tangentially, a central end ignition-port of less area than the said chamber, and a back end discharge-port of less area than the said ignition-port, for the purpose stated,

15. In a gas-engine, the combination of an ignition-chamber, a device for causing a jet 4of combustible ygas to whirl about within said chamber, a lighter-port, and a back passage opened before the ignition-passage "to discharge the waste gases from such chamber,

substantiallyas described. f f

16. In a gas-engine, the combination of an ignition-chamber, a device for causing aje't of combustible4 gas to whirl about within said chamber, a lighter-port, and a back passage to discharge the 4Waste gases from said chamber, substantially as described.

17. In a gas-engine, a lighting device, an

ignition-chamber, and a device for causing ab .jet of combustible gas to whirl about within said chamber, combined with a passage communicating with -said lighter and an escape.

passage, substantially as described.

18. Ina gas-engine, a lighter device, an ignition-passage, and. a device for causing a IXO jet of combustible gas .to pass through said.

passage with a spiral or whirling current, producing therein a reverse central current, along which the ame is transmitted, combined with an escape-port, substantially'as setforth.4

In testimony whereof I have herenntoset my hand in the presence of two subscribing wit- DGSSBS.

LEWIS HALLOOK NASH.` Witnesses: I

H. W. BRINcKEnHoFF, .WILLIAM C. WEsTERvEL'r

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