US3828675A - Munition - Google Patents

Munition Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3828675A
US3828675A US00319803A US31980357A US3828675A US 3828675 A US3828675 A US 3828675A US 00319803 A US00319803 A US 00319803A US 31980357 A US31980357 A US 31980357A US 3828675 A US3828675 A US 3828675A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
ampule
bomb
enlarged
cover
larger end
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00319803A
Inventor
C Brohawn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
United States Department of the Army
Original Assignee
United States Department of the Army
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by United States Department of the Army filed Critical United States Department of the Army
Priority to US00319803A priority Critical patent/US3828675A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3828675A publication Critical patent/US3828675A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/46—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances
    • F42B12/50—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances by dispersion

Definitions

  • a bomb comprising an enlarged weighted nose portion, a constricted neck portion and an enlarged tail portion, said tail portion comprising an ampule having a conical wall and having its smaller end mounted within said restricted neck portion, a closure for the larger end of said ampule wall, a cover surrounding and in contact with the larger end and the conical wall of said ampule and secured to said constricted neck portion, said ampule and cover forming a casing having a conical cavity, the larger end of which is relatively fragile as compared to the walls thereof; and an explosive charge mounted within said enlarged nose portion adjacent to the smaller end of said ampule.
  • This invention relates generally to an aerosol generator and specifically to a device for creating a stable aerosol that contains viable material that has a particle size that falls within a prescribed range.
  • An object of this invention is to provide a biological munition which produces a highly effective cloud of aerosols when the munition bursts.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a biological munition that has a compartment for the biological material which is specially designed and constructed to create a highly effective cloud of aerosols when the munition bursts.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal, sectional view of a biological agent compartment mounted for test firing.
  • HO. 2 is a sectional view taken on line 22 of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a longitudinal, sectional view taken through the center of a dumbbell-shaped, airborne-type bomb having my invention incorporated therein.
  • H6. 1 shows a cylindrical munition element 10, having formed therein a tapered bore 11 which together with certain end closures to be described subsequently constitutes a conically shaped agent compartment 12 which is mounted in a firing fixture 14 for test firing. While FIG. 1 shows the element 10 mounted for test firing, and is not necessarily the precise completed device the basic essentials of my invention are apparent from this figure.
  • My invention-basically includes the munition element 10 and its end closures.
  • cylindrical munition element 10 has externally threaded ends 16 and 18, and parallel gripping surfaces 20 formed thereon and is closed at its upper end by self-sealing rubber diaphragm 22, parallel, brass diaphragm 24 and mounting collar 26 and is closed at its lower end by rubber gasket 30 and metal disk 32.
  • Sponge rubber shock absorber 28 is positioned in compartment 12 adjacent to rubber gasket 30.
  • the munition element 10 is secured to the firing fixture 14 by ring 33 which is threaded onto threaded portion 18 of said munition element and threaded portion 34 of the firing base 36.
  • Said firing base houses a conventional firing assembly 38 which includes propellant 40 and primer cap 42.
  • FIG. 1 It should be kept clearly in mind, that while the munition element 10 illustrated in FIG. 1 can actually be physically included in certain types of bombs, the principle of conical ejection can be embodied in a large variety of types of bombs such as the one illustrated in FIG. 3, which will be described subsequently.
  • the paramount purpose of FIG. 1 is to illustrate the fundamental concept and nature of the invention, specifically, that it contemplates an entirely new theory of aerosol ejection.
  • the structure illustrated in FIG. 1 operates in the following manner: prior to placing the brass diaphragm 24 in position, the liquid biological agent is introduced into the chamber 12 by inserting a hypodermic needle through the rubber diaphragm 22. During this step, the rubber diaphragm 22 can be held in a fluid tight relationship with element 10 by any conventional means. Upon removal of the hypodermic needle, rubber diaphragm 22 seals itself automatically and brass diaphragm 24 is placed and secured in position. Upon striking the primer cap 42, the propellant is ignited, creating pressure on the diaphragms 30 and 32, thereby rupturing them, then building up pressure in the chamber 12 and ultimately rupturing diaphragms 22 and 24 and ejecting the contents thereof into the atmosphere.
  • FIG. 1 is intended merely to illustrate this concept by way of example, the specific structural arrangement shown therein being merely one structural form of the invention that will operate.
  • Conically shaped agent compartments lend themselves to inclusion in various biological munitions.
  • Compartment elements such as munition element 10 may be physically inserted into a bomb or the bomb casing may be designed to include a conical compartment.
  • a conically shaped compartment can be readily incorporated into dumbbell-shaped, drop bombs of the clusterable, airbome-type such as the one shown in FIG. 3.
  • the conically shaped compartment is incorporated in conically shaped, plastic ampule 50 which is shown mounted in one of the conically shaped ends of dumbbell-shaped bomb 52.
  • An outstanding feature of this arrangement is that the conical shape of the ampule 50 lends itself to efficient incorporation in one of the conically shaped ends of the bomb.
  • the other end 54 of the bomb is weighted and includes a conventional air-arming fuse (not shown), a propellant 56 housed in a suitable container 58, and a sponge rubber, shock absorber 60 which is positioned between the propellant 56 and the lower, flat, portion 62 of ampule 50.
  • a conventional air-arming fuse not shown
  • a propellant 56 housed in a suitable container 58
  • a sponge rubber, shock absorber 60 which is positioned between the propellant 56 and the lower, flat, portion 62 of ampule 50.
  • conically shaped ampule 50 snugly fits within a complementary-shaped compartment formed by recessed, upper portion 55 of the weighted end 54, and the cover 64.
  • Cover 64 may be fabricated in any convenient, conven- I tional manner so as to facilitate the assembly of the ampule into the bomb.
  • the upper, flat portion 74 of the cover 64 may be removable to permit the insertion of the ampule from the top.
  • the narrow neck portion 76 thereof firmly grips portion 55 of the weighted end 54 by a friction or equivalent joint.
  • the plastic cap 66 which constitutes the upper extremity of plastic ampule 50, is sealed to the upper end 65 of the conically shaped, bottom portion 67 of the ampule at seam 68 after the agent material has been placed in the bottom portion.
  • the seam can be heat sealed.
  • Polyethylene is a well suited plastic to be used for the ampule 50, for it meets the basic requirements for this element of being: l thermoplastic, (2) elastic, and (3) inert to biological agent materials.
  • a shock absorbing, rubber diaphragm 70 is positioned parallel to and contiguous with the cap 66, and is retained in position by collar 72.
  • the plastic ampules containing the agent material may be stored under the most desirable storing conditions for said material and inserted into the bomb just prior to use.
  • the mode of operation and theory of ejection of the bomb illustrated in FIG. 3 is the same as that of the munition element shown in F 1G. 1.
  • the end 54 is weighted to insure that upon detonation the wider end of the agent compartment points upwardly.
  • a bomb comprising an enlarged weighted nose portion, a constricted neck portion and anenlarged tail portion, said tail portion comprising an ampule having a conical wall and having its smaller end mounted within said restricted neck portion, a closure for the larger end of said ampule wall, a cover surrounding and in'contact with the larger end and the conical wall of said ampule and secured to said constricted neck portion, said ampule and cover forming a casing having a conical cavity, the larger end of which is relatively fragile as compared to the walls thereof; and an explosive charge mounted within said enlarged nose portion adjacent to the smaller end of said ampule.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)

Abstract

1. A bomb comprising an enlarged weighted nose portion, a constricted neck portion and an enlarged tail portion, said tail portion comprising an ampule having a conical wall and having its smaller end mounted within said restricted neck portion, a closure for the larger end of said ampule wall, a cover surrounding and in contact with the larger end and the conical wall of said ampule and secured to said constricted neck portion, said ampule and cover forming a casing having a conical cavity, the larger end of which is relatively fragile as compared to the walls thereof; and an explosive charge mounted within said enlarged nose portion adjacent to the smaller end of said ampule.

Description

Elnited States Patent [191 Brohawn 1 Aug. 13, 1974 MUNITION [75] Inventor: Charles L. Brohawn, Halethorpe,
[22] Filed: Dec. 10, 1957 [21] Appl. No.: 319,803
2,702,599 2/1955 Sights 102/90 Rl7,365 7/1929 Bradner et al. 102/39 Primary ExaminerSamuel W. Engle Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Edward J. Kelly; Edward Berl EXEMPLARY CLAIM 1. A bomb comprising an enlarged weighted nose portion, a constricted neck portion and an enlarged tail portion, said tail portion comprising an ampule having a conical wall and having its smaller end mounted within said restricted neck portion, a closure for the larger end of said ampule wall, a cover surrounding and in contact with the larger end and the conical wall of said ampule and secured to said constricted neck portion, said ampule and cover forming a casing having a conical cavity, the larger end of which is relatively fragile as compared to the walls thereof; and an explosive charge mounted within said enlarged nose portion adjacent to the smaller end of said ampule.
5 Claims, 3 Drawing Figures MUNITION The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government of the United States of America for governmental purposes without the payment to me of any royalty thereon.
This invention relates generally to an aerosol generator and specifically to a device for creating a stable aerosol that contains viable material that has a particle size that falls within a prescribed range.
An object of this invention is to provide a biological munition which produces a highly effective cloud of aerosols when the munition bursts.
Another object of this invention is to provide a biological munition that has a compartment for the biological material which is specially designed and constructed to create a highly effective cloud of aerosols when the munition bursts.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a biological munition having a specially designed and constructed compartment for a biological agent which particularly lends itself to being readily included in a dumbbell-shaped, airborne-type munition.
These and other objects will become apparent from the following description and claims when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal, sectional view of a biological agent compartment mounted for test firing.
HO. 2 is a sectional view taken on line 22 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal, sectional view taken through the center of a dumbbell-shaped, airborne-type bomb having my invention incorporated therein.
In producing cloud formations of aerosols, particularly when dealing with viable material, certain well established limitations must be contended with. Of primary importance are the basic requirements for a biological munition, which are that a stable aerosol should be created, a desirable concentration of aerosols should be attained, and the particle size of the biological material should fall within the range of l to 4 microns. Some of the variables that affect aerosol and cloud formation are: l Rate of expansion of the agent material upon ejection; this affects the velocity of the agent material which in turn affects the size of the aerosols and the size of the cloud, and (2) the shearing forces created upon ejection; this affects the viability of the aerosol. Further, it has been scientifically established that aerosols ofa size of 5 microns or less do not travel more than three inches on their own momentum; therefore the shape and height of the aerosols when they have reached the desirable micron level to be effective as a biological agent l to 4 microns) will determine the lethal effectiveness of the clouds.
Prior to my invention the most common theory of ejection utilized a straight, cylindrical, agent compartment. l have discovered that a conically shaped, agent compartment is more effective than a straight, cylindrical, agent compartment. l have found further that a conically shaped, agent compartment that has an opening with an included angle of l4 16 is the most effective shape. H6. 1 shows a cylindrical munition element 10, having formed therein a tapered bore 11 which together with certain end closures to be described subsequently constitutes a conically shaped agent compartment 12 which is mounted in a firing fixture 14 for test firing. While FIG. 1 shows the element 10 mounted for test firing, and is not necessarily the precise completed device the basic essentials of my invention are apparent from this figure. My invention-basically includes the munition element 10 and its end closures. Specifically, cylindrical munition element 10 has externally threaded ends 16 and 18, and parallel gripping surfaces 20 formed thereon and is closed at its upper end by self-sealing rubber diaphragm 22, parallel, brass diaphragm 24 and mounting collar 26 and is closed at its lower end by rubber gasket 30 and metal disk 32. Sponge rubber shock absorber 28 is positioned in compartment 12 adjacent to rubber gasket 30. The munition element 10 is secured to the firing fixture 14 by ring 33 which is threaded onto threaded portion 18 of said munition element and threaded portion 34 of the firing base 36. Said firing base houses a conventional firing assembly 38 which includes propellant 40 and primer cap 42.
It should be kept clearly in mind, that while the munition element 10 illustrated in FIG. 1 can actually be physically included in certain types of bombs, the principle of conical ejection can be embodied in a large variety of types of bombs such as the one illustrated in FIG. 3, which will be described subsequently. The paramount purpose of FIG. 1 is to illustrate the fundamental concept and nature of the invention, specifically, that it contemplates an entirely new theory of aerosol ejection.
The structure illustrated in FIG. 1 operates in the following manner: prior to placing the brass diaphragm 24 in position, the liquid biological agent is introduced into the chamber 12 by inserting a hypodermic needle through the rubber diaphragm 22. During this step, the rubber diaphragm 22 can be held in a fluid tight relationship with element 10 by any conventional means. Upon removal of the hypodermic needle, rubber diaphragm 22 seals itself automatically and brass diaphragm 24 is placed and secured in position. Upon striking the primer cap 42, the propellant is ignited, creating pressure on the diaphragms 30 and 32, thereby rupturing them, then building up pressure in the chamber 12 and ultimately rupturing diaphragms 22 and 24 and ejecting the contents thereof into the atmosphere. Upon entrance into the atmosphere, the cloud of aerosols is formed. As was previously mentioned, a biological munition having a conically shaped, agent compartment is far superior to one having a cylindrical, agent compartment, and one having a conically shaped, agent compartment having an included angle of 14 16 is most effective. Therefore, in its broadest aspect my invention resides in providing a conically shaped agent compartment in any type of biological munition which disseminates aerosols. FIG. 1 is intended merely to illustrate this concept by way of example, the specific structural arrangement shown therein being merely one structural form of the invention that will operate.
Conically shaped agent compartments lend themselves to inclusion in various biological munitions. Compartment elements such as munition element 10 may be physically inserted into a bomb or the bomb casing may be designed to include a conical compartment. A conically shaped compartment can be readily incorporated into dumbbell-shaped, drop bombs of the clusterable, airbome-type such as the one shown in FIG. 3. In the bomb illustrated in FIG. 3, the conically shaped compartment is incorporated in conically shaped, plastic ampule 50 which is shown mounted in one of the conically shaped ends of dumbbell-shaped bomb 52. An outstanding feature of this arrangement is that the conical shape of the ampule 50 lends itself to efficient incorporation in one of the conically shaped ends of the bomb. The other end 54 of the bomb is weighted and includes a conventional air-arming fuse (not shown), a propellant 56 housed in a suitable container 58, and a sponge rubber, shock absorber 60 which is positioned between the propellant 56 and the lower, flat, portion 62 of ampule 50. Generally, conically shaped ampule 50 snugly fits within a complementary-shaped compartment formed by recessed, upper portion 55 of the weighted end 54, and the cover 64.
Cover 64 may be fabricated in any convenient, conven- I tional manner so as to facilitate the assembly of the ampule into the bomb. For example, the upper, flat portion 74 of the cover 64 may be removable to permit the insertion of the ampule from the top. Regardless of the details of the fabrication of cover 64, the narrow neck portion 76 thereof firmly grips portion 55 of the weighted end 54 by a friction or equivalent joint.
The plastic cap 66, which constitutes the upper extremity of plastic ampule 50, is sealed to the upper end 65 of the conically shaped, bottom portion 67 of the ampule at seam 68 after the agent material has been placed in the bottom portion. By making the ampule and cap of a thermoplastic material, the seam can be heat sealed. Polyethylene is a well suited plastic to be used for the ampule 50, for it meets the basic requirements for this element of being: l thermoplastic, (2) elastic, and (3) inert to biological agent materials. A shock absorbing, rubber diaphragm 70 is positioned parallel to and contiguous with the cap 66, and is retained in position by collar 72. When incorporated in a munition of the type shown in FIG. 3, the plastic ampules containing the agent material may be stored under the most desirable storing conditions for said material and inserted into the bomb just prior to use. The mode of operation and theory of ejection of the bomb illustrated in FIG. 3 is the same as that of the munition element shown in F 1G. 1. The end 54 is weighted to insure that upon detonation the wider end of the agent compartment points upwardly.
Having described two embodiments of my invention in great detail, I do not intend thereby to limit my invention to said embodiments but intend to embrace all equivalent structure falling within the spirit of my invention and the scope of the appended claims.
I claim:
1. A bomb comprising an enlarged weighted nose portion, a constricted neck portion and anenlarged tail portion, said tail portion comprising an ampule having a conical wall and having its smaller end mounted within said restricted neck portion, a closure for the larger end of said ampule wall, a cover surrounding and in'contact with the larger end and the conical wall of said ampule and secured to said constricted neck portion, said ampule and cover forming a casing having a conical cavity, the larger end of which is relatively fragile as compared to the walls thereof; and an explosive charge mounted within said enlarged nose portion adjacent to the smaller end of said ampule.
2. A bomb as defined in claim 1 wherein said ampule is formed of plastic and said cover is formed of metal.
pule and said cover.

Claims (5)

1. A bomb comprising an enlarged weighted nose portion, a constricted neck portion and an enlarged tail portion, said tail portion comprising an ampule having a conical wall and having its smaller end mounted within said restricted neck portion, a closure for the larger end of said ampule wall, a cover surrounding and in contact with the larger end and the conical wall of said ampule and secured to said constricted neck portion, said ampule and cover forming a casing having a conical cavity, the larger end of which is relatively fragile as compared to the walls thereof; and an explosive charge mounted within said enlarged nose portion adjacent to the smaller end of said ampule.
2. A bomb as defined in claim 1 wherein said ampule is formed of plastic and said cover is formed of metal.
3. A bomb as defined in claim 2 wherein said plastic is polyethylene.
4. A bomb as defined in claim 1 wherein a shock absorber is positioned between said ampule and said explosive charge.
5. A bomb as defined in claim 4 wherein a shock absorber is positioned between the larger end of said ampule and said cover.
US00319803A 1957-12-10 1957-12-10 Munition Expired - Lifetime US3828675A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00319803A US3828675A (en) 1957-12-10 1957-12-10 Munition

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00319803A US3828675A (en) 1957-12-10 1957-12-10 Munition

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3828675A true US3828675A (en) 1974-08-13

Family

ID=23243701

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00319803A Expired - Lifetime US3828675A (en) 1957-12-10 1957-12-10 Munition

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US3828675A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130047879A1 (en) * 2011-08-30 2013-02-28 Franklin R. Lacy System for protecting against terrorist and illegal invasion

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US17365A (en) * 1857-05-26 Keeping topsails
US684030A (en) * 1900-12-28 1901-10-08 William Francis Wright Apparatus for producing rain.
US812156A (en) * 1905-09-13 1906-02-06 Fin Sparre Blank smokeless-powder cartridge.
US1289702A (en) * 1917-02-06 1918-12-31 William Draper Dart.
US1302904A (en) * 1917-05-22 1919-05-06 John J Duffie System of trench warfare.
US2413004A (en) * 1943-03-01 1946-12-24 Short Frank Grenade
US2702599A (en) * 1952-02-13 1955-02-22 Charles B Sights Combined fire alarm and extinguisher

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US17365A (en) * 1857-05-26 Keeping topsails
US684030A (en) * 1900-12-28 1901-10-08 William Francis Wright Apparatus for producing rain.
US812156A (en) * 1905-09-13 1906-02-06 Fin Sparre Blank smokeless-powder cartridge.
US1289702A (en) * 1917-02-06 1918-12-31 William Draper Dart.
US1302904A (en) * 1917-05-22 1919-05-06 John J Duffie System of trench warfare.
US2413004A (en) * 1943-03-01 1946-12-24 Short Frank Grenade
US2702599A (en) * 1952-02-13 1955-02-22 Charles B Sights Combined fire alarm and extinguisher

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130047879A1 (en) * 2011-08-30 2013-02-28 Franklin R. Lacy System for protecting against terrorist and illegal invasion

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3940605A (en) Chemiluminescent marker apparatus
US4553481A (en) Shot gun shell tracer wad
GB392516A (en) Improvements in or relating to grenades
GB191210826A (en) Improvements in or relating to Cigar Lighters or the like.
GB1382888A (en) Tubular cartraidge a launching tube loaded with a cartridge and a method of launching a missile using the loaded launching tube
US2376332A (en) Antitank mine fuse
US1741901A (en) Cartridge
US3828675A (en) Munition
US2706949A (en) Demolition unit
US2920566A (en) Tear gas bullet
GB1265767A (en)
US3656435A (en) Directional dispensing grenade with externally open, integrally-formed and internally closed, propellant-charge well and internal frusto-conical material discharge guiding surface
US3713360A (en) Safety container for explosive powder
US4448130A (en) Packaging kit for pyrotechnic materials loading
US3491690A (en) Water boosted shotshell
US3512480A (en) Directional dispensing grenade with externally open,integrally formed and internally closed,propellant-charge well
US3492944A (en) Two compartment thermal generator sphere
US3995550A (en) Apparatus for stabilizing a liquid filled artillery projectile
US5303653A (en) High explosive disseminator for a high explosive air bomb
GB2030684A (en) Bomb circuit disrupting device and method
US4132170A (en) Fuel-air type bomb
US3207071A (en) Light high explosive bomb for dispersing toxic and insecticidal aerosols
US3599570A (en) Ammunition antidefuzing device
GB1123892A (en) Spray canister for simulating the discharge of poison gas
US3421441A (en) Chemical impact-sensitive fuze